Archives-December 2014

A simple, highly sensitive, accurate and selective method for determination of trace amounts of Pb(II) in water samples is presented. a novel ethylenediamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes(E-MWCNTs) solid-phase extraction adsorbent was synthesized by covalently O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N´,N´-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate onto the surfaces of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The stability of a chemically ethylenediamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes(E-MWCNTs) especially in concentrated hydrochloric acid was studied which used as a recycling and pre-concentration reagent for further uses of (E-MWCNTs). The method is based on (E-MWCNTs) of Pb(II) on surfactant coated C18, modified with a ethylenediamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes(E- MWCNTs). The retained ions were then eluted with 4 ml of 4 M nitric acid and determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) at 283.3 nm for Pb. The influence of flow rates of sample and eluent solutions, pH, breakthrough volume, effect of foreign ions on chelation and recovery were investigated. 1.5 g of surfactant coated C18 adsorbs 40 mg of the Schiff’s base which in turn can retain 15.2±0.8mg of each of the two ions. The limit of detection(3?) for Pb(II) was found to be 3.20 ng l -1. The enrichment factor for both ions is 100. The mentioned method was successfully applied on determination of lead in different water samples. The ions were also speciated by means of three columns system.

The employability skills are regarded as valuable in employment success. The application of employability skills in the present and future workplaces also facilitates employees’ job performance. Explanatory correlational research design was used in the study which was aimed at determining the relationship between the practice of employability skills and contextual performance of employees. Drawn from The Conference Board of Canada’s Employability Skills 2000+ and Borman and Motowidlo’s Taxonomy of Contextual Performance, two sets of survey questionnaires were adopted to collect data from 220 sampled respondents representing employers and employees of 25 government institutions in Central Mindanao region of the Philippines. Results showed that government employees practiced fundamental, personal management and teamwork skills to some extent. Also, these employees demonstrated satisfactory contextual performance as perceived by the two groups of respondents. Moreover, inferential analysis revealed that practice of employability skills had significant moderate positive relationship to contextual performance. The use of employability skills, therefore, needs to be sustained to pave way to improved extra-role behaviors that help meet the requirements and demands of public institutions

A. rohituka is highly valued tree species for the humans, environment and forestry. The tree is distributed some parts of India but now it is endangered species in many areas in the country. This tree belongs to Meliaceae family. Twin, triple, four and five shoot seedling is one of the abnormalities of seedling which produce single embryo in a seed. This could be due to some developmental errors that occur in the seed. A. rohituka have only one embryo per seed and it produced into one seedling. I had recorded 35 % seeds of A. rohituka produced twin, triple, four and five shoot seedlings. In this research paper studies, Germination, seedlings behaviour and four months growth status were recorded in A. rohituka. These are study parameters, germination percentage, abnormal seedlings percentage, seedling behaviour and growth status at 120 days after germination period. I had recorded two shoot seedlings survival at only early stages (within 60 days) of development but triple, four, five shoot seedlings not survive of A. rohituka. It was observed first time growth status of abnormal seedlings in A. rohituka. This research paper utility in various fields such as forestry, agriculture, environment, genetics, and embryology.

Mobile broadband services are growing rapidly as it provides freedom to the users to be online wherever they are at a competitive price and significant facilities such as increasing amounts of bandwidth, using mobile and roaming devices. The earliest version of WiMAX is based on IEEE 802.16 and is optimized for fixed and roaming access, which is further extended to support portability and mobility based on IEEE 802.16e, also known as Mobile WiMAX. This paper presented an analysis on those routing protocols designed for wireless networks. A comparison on the performance of seven routing protocol (AODV, DSR, OLSR, ZRP, TORA, GRP and DSDV) for Mobile WiMAX environment is done. The performance matrix includes Packet Delivery fraction (PDF), Throughput, End to End Delay, and number of packet dropped were identified. The study used NS2 simulator for the comparison on the performance analysis.

In this paper, the application of the Taguchi method with fuzzy logic for optimizing the electrical discharge machining process with multiple performance characteristics has been reported. A multi-response performance index is used to solve the EDM process with multiple performance characteristics. The machining parameters (discharge current (IP), pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff) and down time) are optimized with considerations of the multiple performance characteristics (electrode wear rate and material removal rate). Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.

Spam is the sending unwanted e-mail messages frequently with different contents, in large quantities to an indiscriminate set of recipients, and often proselytes a service or a website. Many intelligent systems have been developed for detecting spam emails, but many of them don’t have enough speed. In this paper, a fuzzy spam detection system in text classification mode is described that has been implemented in MATLAB. Because of the ANFIS uses the approximation capability of FIS and ANN as adaptive, it acts simple and powerful. In the proposed method, first extractor starts to extract all the tokens in the body of all emails. Genetic algorithm (GA) is then applied, to select the appropriate features of the tokens. These features are saved in a dictionary. Then ANFIS uses this dictionary for classifying emails. In this project, ANFIS has three inputs and one output. For obtaining ANFIS’ inputs, calculate a spamicity for each token. This criterion shows the rate of dangerous of each token. Then tokens of each email are classified into three categories, based on the amounts of their spamicity. Counts of tokens in each category, are three inputs to ANFIS system. ANFIS’ output determines that each email is spam or not.

Optimization of formulation. Physical and In-vitro evaluation of optimized formulation for the release characteristics. Increase the chemical properties like dissolution study. Oral dispersible tablets have received ever-increasing demand during the last decade, and the field has become a rapidly growing area in the pharmaceutical industry. Upon introduction into the mouth, these tablets dissolve or disintegrate in the mouth in the presence of additional water for easy administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Optimized formula using polymer coating method exhibited 90% drug release at 15 minutes for model drug but dihydroartemisinin the release was found to be 79% at 15 minutes.

This survey was conducted to quantify the effect of addition of Avizyme® multi enzyme to the body composition of western white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)carrying the experiment based on initial average weight of 2.5±0.5 (gr). The experiment was conducted based on absolute casual program including 7 and 3 repetition for each attendants including a control attendants (free- canola, free Avizyme® -multi enzyme and 30% of fish meal) and six attendants at the level of 15,30,45 percent plant protein along with 0.5% Avizyme® multi enzyme and free-Avizyme® multi enzyme In the begging of the period, 525 shrimps were casually introduced in 21 plastic tanks of 50 liter each (25 shrimp in each tank). Shrimps were fed three times a day at 8, 14, 20 o'clock for about 8 weeks in a water with average temperature of 31.60 ± 0.60C0and water salinity of 41 ± 0.8 (ppm).In the begging of culturing process, 40 Shrimps were randomly selected and also at the end, from each repeat 10 shrimps were captured and after de-skinning and freezing they transferred to the laboratory for analyses of body. The results at the end 60 days of period showed that from humidity characteristic point of view and the shrimp body protein, no meaningful statistical differences were observed between the Control and testing attendants (P>0.05). But, From the protein characteristic aspect, fiber and body ash there were meaningful differences based on this, the lipid characteristic in testing attendants 1,2,3 with enzyme and similar attendants without enzyme and the control attendant, there were meaningful differences (P<0.05). The body ash characteristic between attendants 2 with 5 and 3with 6 in relation to control attendant was meaningful statistic differences.

First study of new locality the Mount Arbel National Park and Nature Reserve with charophyte algae in the Lower Galilee region of Israel has been implemented for revealing of algal diversity and ecological assessment of the water object environment by bio-indication methods. Altogether twenty nine species of algae including one of them macro-algae Chara vulgaris L. were revealed in the Arbel stream. Chara was found in massive growth in the middle part of studied stream. Bio-indication and chemical variables characterize the charophyte site environment as mesotrophic to eutrophic with prevailing of benthic type of organisms of autotrophic type of nutrition, which are mostly attached of substrate and preferred slow streaming water with temperate temperature, low salinity, low alkalinity, and low to middle organic pollution, Class II-III of water quality. Seasonality of algal community and water quality showed of organic and other contaminants pollution during winter rainy period as a result of grazing impact. Charophyte community is sharp limited in its development as a result of periodical desiccation of the stream. We found unique property of Chara vulgaris to renewing after two years desiccation. We can recommend the Arbel Biblical stream for monitoring of natural aquatic object in the Lower Galilee, and Chara vulgaris as climatic indicator of surviving under future climate change.

The trail was conducted from March 11- 17 May 2014 in the University of Gondar forage development garden. Water diluted Cattle Urine technology was examined for the current livestock rise vs feed shortage particularly in the dry season of the year. With the aim of improving the biomass yield of Maize (Zea mays L.). The used land was beforehand Elephant grass cultivated garden to reduce the residual effect of the soil. To address the aims 2m x10m trail was examined for 65 days; in all eight treatments each with three replications; the seed were local and traditionally used by farmers purchased and used to germinate. The seed were socked in water for 24 hours and germination was seen at six days of sowing. Treatments (T) were 10:1, 8:1, 6:1, 4:1, 2:1, and 1:1 (water: urine) ratio as well as Urea to DAP (Positive control) and the last with no urine, DAP & Urea fertilizer to (negative control).Treatments (Ts) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7and 8 each with three replications used respectively. Maize plant height in cm was 213.83; 199.39; 183.28; 181.38; 181.33; 166.28; 128.83 and 80.07 from 1 to 8 (Ts) respectively. Maize plant 2mx10m Biomass Yield in kg was 55; 38; 32; 31.33; 29.33; 22.67; 5.67; and 4.17 from 1 to 8 (Ts) respectively. The average over all treatments (Ts) maize plant estimated Biomass Yield in tons/ha was 82.5; 57; 48; 47;44; 34; 8.2; and 6.25 (Ts) respectively.. What has been observed from the trail was that; more diluted water to Urine ratio T1 (10:1) had much improved maize biomass yield; than the rest of treatments even from positive control trials. In the positive control trial drop-down biomass yield was pragmatic; this might be due to firing effect of the inorganic fertilizers; hence; jog-drop-watering was used that might not be sufficient enough to dilute like that of rainy water and causes to burn the roots. The harvested maize plant fodder was 100 percent palatable in feeding dairy cows. In conclusion ten parts of water with one part of cattle urine Technology can boost maize biomass yield. Urine collection method and storage technique to be further studied to exploit the cattle urine as nitrogen source is suggested.