Archives-December 2014

Cyclotriphosphazenes are prominent inorganic N-heterocycles.They consist of six-membered ring structures of alternating phosphorus and nitrogen atoms. The tetravalent phosphorus atoms carry two exocyclic substituents, which can be widely varied enabling fine-tuning of the size and shape of the molecular periphery. This study involved the synthesis and characterization of hexa (diethanolamino) cyclotriphosphazene by an enveremently and friendly system catalyst consist of clay layered called Maghnite-H+ (Algerian MMT) and diethyl ether. The effect of different synthesis parameters such as amount of catalyst, effect of time, temperature and solvent are discussed.

This article is based on the theory of vortex gravitation and physical anomaly of the Earth - slowing its rotation. Defined orbital acceleration, increase in weight, the approach to the Sun, the age of our planet and the origin of planetary material.

Communication in an organization is aimed to convey correct and accurate information at the right time to people within the organization in order to enhance the organization's performances. In an organization, the down-top communication is required by the managers as suggestions from the subordinates can help them in making decisions and planning organization. The correct and accurate information from the subordinates can also assist the managers to resolve the conflict of organization and make an informed decision in the organization. The top-down communication which is also known as downward communication is also required by subordinates in order to get right and clear information about the tasks which to carry out effectively. The effectiveness of leadership communication is also proposed to be enhanced by either modifying factors of situation to become more comfortable or changing leadership style for leaders

Nostalgia technically refers to human feeling of missing the past and those things she has lost. Different factors contribute to this feeling, including the human's social and political situation and, in general, hisher life situation. This nostalgic feeling, in itself, manifests in different forms, such as missing the past, extreme tendency to return to homeland, the recourse to childhood and its regretful reminisce, myth, archaism, visualization of utopia. One of the important causes of human feeling of missing is dissatisfaction with the situation in which she lives, and this itself is the crucial and fundamental cause of visualization of utopia in human mind. In this article, the researchers have discussed the relationship between utopia and Nostalgia from the perspectives of the world's best thinkers and scientists.

In the country like India where population is increasing at a rapid rate the electrical power demand has become a great problem. Unfortunately the conventional energy resources are limited, cause greenhouse emissions and are expected to increase in costs due to an increase in the demand. Recently, the new concept of MicroGrid has been emerging on distribution network for integration of micro generation in low voltage network and to increase the reliability of supply. A microgrid is a cluster of micro generators, loads, storage devices, control devices and a low voltage distribution network functioning in a coordinated manner. The microgrid can operate in two different modes: interconnected or emergency. In first mode the microgrid is connected with the conventional low voltage distribution network for importing or exporting electricity. In emergency mode the microgrid is isolated (islanded) with the help of control devices from the distribution network and uses local micro-generators, changing from power control to frequency control. Most of the micro sources installed in a microgrid cannot be connected directly to the electrical network therefore; power electronics interfaces (dc/ac or ac/dc/ac) are required. Thus, the inverter control is also a challenge for smooth and reliable operation of a smart microgrid. This paper describes microgrid operation in various modes and various control strategies adopted.

Magnetic resonance Image (MRI) is a medical image method use in radiology to visualize internal body structures like tissues. MRI method provides high-quality contrast effect to visual tissues of brain and MRI contrast is enhancing appearance of tumors in brain. In this survey compared the CLIC, EM, AFCM, Bias Field Estimation, SFKFCM, MFCM and FLGMM methods for accurate brain segmentation in MRI images. CLIC method to evaluate metric tissue classification and estimate bias field minimizing energy, optimal bias field derived smoothness of CLIC method. It’s applied for fully automated applications. AFCM applied on corrupted images in reality accurate in classification and partial volume effect. MR data corrupted truth brightness variation in each component. AFCM implementation is faster than other methods one major problem in AFCM method is to look for clusters of the same shape, size and increased complexity. Bias corrected FCM method with spatial neighborhood regularization period and its time taking; lacks robustness to noise is main problem of the method. In GKFCM method with a spatial bias correlation can automatically learn parameters by prototype driven learning scheme and this method is effective more robust to noise. SFKFCM method for segmenting brain MRI images and correcting spurious variations, to improve the separability of observed data, fast clustering scheme improve speed up process and execution time is reduced improved clustering results. MFCM for adaptive segmentation and intensity correlation of MR images and automation available for the segmentation of MR images into tissues classes correcting interscan intensity inhomogenetics. MFCM leads to increased improvement in quality of 3D brain structures and visualization. GMM voxel intensities in each target region, its lack of taking spatial information and uncertainty data may produce poor segmentation result. To overcome problem in segmentation FGMM concept is proposed for uncertainty data and parameter quality improvement. The integration of the weighted GMM energy functions in the entire image and uses a truncated Gaussian kernel function to incorporate spatial constraints into local GMM employ the fuzzy membership function to balance each GMM segmentation process. FGMM reduced noise, low contrast, bias field and improved segmentation result compared with all other methods proposed by previous researches.

Ottoman Empire was formed in the early thirteenth century by a tribal head named Uthman who was of the Turks living I Anatolia. This government, which was formed based on the conquests, had been the cause of anxiety of European for centuries and this anxiety was real because the Ottoman government had conquered by that time, using Turkish tribes and using warrior tradition (fighting with the pagan), all Balkan peninsula and vast sections of the eastern Europe but with the advent of new centuries, the Europeans gradually gained power and passed the Ottoman in power. The Ottomans who noticed the accomplishments of the Europeans compensated their lagging behind by doing new amendments in the mode of the Europeans. These amendment started seriously in the Ottoman Empire from the early nineteenth century and were followed until the of the age of this empire. These amendments have been followed in the modern Turkey with much intensity.

Plants have been an important source of medicine for thousands of years. Recently, the world health organization estimated that upto 80% of people still rely mainly on traditional remedies such as herbs for their medicines. In the present study various plant parts of Tridax procumbens were evaluated separately for the presence of primary metabolites. Tridax procumbens Linn belongs to family Asteraceae, and commonly known as Dhaman grass, is a common herb. It is employed as an indigenous medicine for variety of ailments including Jaundice. The plant also has hepatoprotective activity and it is used in Ayurveda in various liver disorders. Phytochemical screening and quantification of primary metabolites in different plant parts i.e leaf and stem (in vivo) as well as its callus (in vitro) quantification revealed the presence of total soluble sugars, proteins, lipids chlorophyll and proline. It showed higher concentration of total soluble sugar, lipid and protein in leaves whereas chlorophyll content and proline was found higher in callus as compared to other parts of plant.

This study investigated the total quality management practices and competitiveness in Saudi Arabia contractors. The effectiveness of total quality management initiatives that result in sustainable competitive advantage and enhanced business performance have been a major subject of interest for business and academia. Total quality management is about continuous organisational success based on customer satisfaction and the contribution of all employees constantly working to enhance organisational processes, services, and products. Thus, a quantitative approach using the survey method was employed. With assistance from the Saudi Arabia Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs, survey questionnaires were distributed to selected contractors from across five geographically diverse areas in Saudi Arabia. The collected data were analysed using correlation, multiple regressions. The key findings were the confirmation of significant relationships between all total quality management practices and competitiveness, significant relationships between total quality management practices and quality culture, and a positive relationship between total quality management practices and competitiveness. Furthermore, total quality management practices were found to be able to explain 36.6% of the variance in competitiveness while quality culture explained 12.5% of the variance in competitiveness.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the ovicidal and larvicidal activity of Clerodendron phlomides on Aedes aegypti. Maximum ovicidal and larvicidal activities were recorded in chloroform extract, followed by hexane and ethanol extracts of C. phlomides. The chloroform extract of C. phlomides at 1000 ppm showed an ovicidal effect of 15.6±1.30, 33.2±3.64 and 45.6±5.49 % on 0-6, 6-12 and 12-18 hr old eggs. The LC50 values for this extract were 10.21, 45.30, 235.06 and 335.51 ppm against the first, second, third and forth instar larvae of Ae. aegypti in 24hr. An increase in the concentration of the test extracts resulted in an increase in the ovicidal and larvicidal effects.