Archives-December 2012

Two different samples of fish were procured from Ombi River, Lafia – Jos Road, Nasarawa State, North-central Nigeria. Catfish (Claria gariepinus) and Tilapia fish (Oreochronis niloticus) and shared into two parts, smoked and unsmoked: The fish samples were analysed for protein, moisture, ash, lipid and carbohydrate content. The unsmoked and smoked Tilapia fish showed higher protein and carbohydrate content (31.50 % - 32.81 % and 13.00% - 16.27%) respectively compared to unsmoked and smoked cat fish (21.00% - 19.80% and 0.48% - 2.47%) respectively. While the unsmoked and smoked Tilapia fish showed low moisture, ash, and lipid content (12.00 % - 10.40 %; 15.60 %-16.00 % and 26.50 % - 25.83 %) compare to the unsmoked and smoked cat fish (21.00% - 19.80 %, 20.40% - 21.40 %, 28.33 % - 27.50%) respectively. High protein content in Tilapia fish proved the fact that Tilapia fish belongs to the category of fish with high protein. While high lipid content in Catfish, gave an indication of cat fish belonging to category of fish with higher lipid. The results of the analysis showed variation compared to the result of other similar researches. This could be as a result of some factors, which may include geographical location, sex, species, age, nutrient, migration and Season. The processing method altered the composition of the Cat and Tilapia fish as a result of heat where denaturisation of the fish composition is believed to have occurred. The low moisture content in smoked fish samples is as a result of water loss during smoking process and low ash content in the unsmoked fish samples can be ascribed to low content of inorganic elements. It can thus be concluded that fresh fish is more nutritious for human consumption.

Hafez was a Persian mystic and poet who is well-regarded and remembered for his lyrical poetry written in ‘Ghazals’, a complex and exclusively Persian verse-form. Like other Sufi poets, Hafiz merged themes of ambiguity into his poems which has become an inseparable feature of his poetry. An important source of ambiguity in natural languages, and particularly in poetry, is the polysemy of lexical elements. The purpose of this study is the identification of the lexical items which have been ambiguous and consequently seems to have been problematic for translators in rendering them into English. In addition, the study aims at recognizing the strategies at translators’ hand in dealing with these lexical elements. In order to extract the data, eight poems of Hafez have been randomly selected. Nine couplets of the poems that have been found to contain lexical ambiguities are randomly selected. Following the identification of the ambiguities, the translations of them by two to five translators have been analyzed to find out the strategies used by the translators in the translation of ambiguous items. The result of the study shows that while in many cases translators have attempted to use the context as a source of disambiguation and consequently transfer one of the meanings of the ambiguous item, in other cases they have used other strategies such as clarifications in the forms of parenthesis and footnotes.

Spectral analysis using the Fourier Transform is a powerful technique for stationary time series where the characteristics of the signal do not change with time. For non-stationary time series, the spectral content changes with time and hence time-averaged amplitude spectrum found by using Fourier Transform is inadequate to track the changes in the signal magnitude, frequency or phase. This paper presents a new time-frequency signal analysis method, called Modified S-Transform (MST) with modified Gaussian window, for visual localization, detection of various non-stationary power signals.

SQL injection attacks on the web databases are mainly due to the application development process where the coding process is vulnerable as it was not secured. This however can be prevented by various methods. One of the techniques is to limit the access of database to authorized users only. Database contents are encrypted so as to allow a secure way of efficient query processing directly on the encrypted database. SQL attacks can be prevented through highly secure authentication schemes in the login phase itself. In this paper, we have presented one such technique. Our scheme proposes that access be provided to verified users only. That is, at the time of creation of the user account, a user key is generated for every user where the user name and password at the time of login is encrypted by Blowfish encryption and RSA technique at different levels of the total encryption process. The access is provided by the server after confirming the user’s authenticity. On server side the encrypted data will be decrypted using the user key. The decrypted data will be checked and if the user is genuine, further access will be granted to the database. The RSA encryption will work as a protective cover for the SQL query generated by the user at the client’s end.

Participatory decision making is a management style which can be identified as a motivator which can lead to increased productivity in organizations. The purpose of this study was to investigate teacher participation in decision making in secondary schools in Baringo district. Descriptive survey design was adopted. The study population comprised of 42 secondary schools, all the Head teachers, class teachers and teachers in these schools. The sample comprised 13 schools selected through simple random sampling, 13 Head teachers and class teachers who were purposively selected while 104 teachers were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data collection instruments comprised of questionnaire with closed and open ended questions and semi structured interview schedules. Data was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using descriptive statistics. The major findings of the study were that teachers were not involved in decision making as they desired; that most head teachers viewed participatory decision making negatively and indifferently; that teachers were willing to take part in decision making and that there are a combination of factors that hinder effective teacher participation in decision making.

In this study the concentration of Nitrogenous compounds were investigated in 6 stations on Munzur (three stations) and Pülümür River (three station) which placed at the Eastern Anatolia of Turkey between 2006-2010. Water pollution was discussed according to the amount of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium values. The results showed that the concentration of nitrate depends on increasing of anthropogenic activities and discharges of waste waters from sewerage systems during the summer term in Munzur River. Regarding of Nitrogen compounds, the concentration of nitrate showed the highest values while the ammonium and nitirite ions measured at the low values in all stations for both river. Mostly the concentration of nitrate showed the highest values in all seasonal terms during the study time intervals in all sampling stations. One-way ANOVA and Duncan's tests were used to determine the differences between stations during the seasonal variations. According to the tests there were no significant differences for nitrate levels between stations during the study term. In this study we pointed out that the water pollution that occurred because of Nitrogenous compounds could be result of agricultural activities in Munzur and Pülümür River 2006-2010.

A set of vertices D in a graph G = ( V, E ) is a dominating set if every vertex of V – D is adjacent to some vertex of D. If D has the smallest possible cardinality of any dominating set of G, then D is called a minimum dominating set. A graph G is said to be Just excellent (JE), if it to each u ? V, there is a unique ? - set of G containing u. In this paper we have obtained the domatic number of the subdivision graph of a just excellent graph.

Reading motivation is one of the most important factors, receives the special focus in foreign language teaching. Research has suggested that explicit reading strategies can be taught to students and improving their reading motivation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of reciprocal teaching strategy on reading motivation. Reciprocal teaching strategy consists of four basic reading strategies: predicting, questioning, clarifying, and summarizing. Cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies are the reciprocal teaching strategies used to enhance students’ reading motivation. This paper will discuss whether ‘reciprocal teaching strategies’ enhance students reading motivation or not. This lack of good reading motivation skill is exacerbated by the central role of reading motivation in higher education success. One solution to this problem of poor reading motivation skill is the explicit teaching strategies. This paper is going to define the key words, reading motivation process, reading strategies, cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies, reading motivation and reciprocal teaching, and state relationship between reciprocal teaching and reading motivation. The findings indicated that reciprocal teaching had a significantly positive effect on the English reading motivation.

The study focuses on work family conflict of expatriates. Extending the prior work on work family conflict, applying role theory and conservation of resource theory, the paper presents a theoretical framework regarding situations and conditions specifically related to expatriates that can contribute to their work family conflict as prior work on expatriates is scarce in this particular research domain. It investigates the influence that issues like role novelty, cultural novelty, spousal adjustment, and education facilities may have on the work family conflict of expatriates. The study also postulates the probable moderating role of personality traits in the relationship between these issues and work family conflict being experienced by expatriates.

2, 2-dihydroxy biphenyl-thiourea-formaldehyde (2, 2-DHBTF) terpolymer resin was synthesized by an eco-friendly technique in dimethyl formamide medium. The resin was characterized by elemental analysis, UV-Visible, FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C-NMR and viscometric measurement. The surface morphology of the terpolymer resin was established by scanning Electron Microscopy. The number average molecular weight was determined by non-aqueous conductometric titration. One of the important applications of these types of polymer is their capability to act as chelating ion-exchanger. The chelation ion-exchange properties of the terpolymer showed a powerful adsorption towards specific metal ions like Fe3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+ and Zn2+ . A batch equilibrium method was adopted to study the selectivity of the metal ion uptake involving the measurement of the distribution of the given metal ion between the polymer sample and a solution containing the metal ion over a wide range of concentrations and pH of different electrolytes.