Archives-December 2011

The history of child labor is as old as human civilization. The work children used to perform in the family and farm has always been a part of their socialization process. Child labor is an issue which has generated interest, because of the new economic policies formulated in line with the structural adjustment programmers, which hopes to put the country on the global market economy. The alarming growth of child workers in developing countries has drawn the attention of many organizations of the world. The phenomenon of child labor, as practiced today, is involuntary and exploitative. The problem of girl child labor has become an issue of great concern in recent times all over the world. In India, domestic child workers and street children, particularly the girls, are further vulnerable to sexual abuse. They are the victims of extreme discrimination and neglectful behavior. Here an attempt has been made through this paper to draw the attention of the intellectuals of the society and policy makers to look at girl child workers and their problems, conditions including policy implications.

Mining frequent item sets from data streams is of great interest recently in many applications. Sliding windows are used in many applications to overcome an important problem with data streams i.e. unbound size. In this paper we propose an effective transaction based one-pass algorithm that uses a circular queue to implement the transaction-sensitive sliding window. The proposed algorithm, FIM_CQTransSWin has three phases representation of transaction, maintenance of the sliding window and generation of frequent item sets in the current sliding window. In the first phase, each transaction is read from the data stream and is converted into a decimal number based on the items present in this transaction. In the second phase, the decimal numbers representing the transactions are put in a circular queue with the front pointer indicating the oldest transaction and the rear pointer indicating the latest transaction. When the circular queue becomes full the oldest transaction is removed using dequeue operation and then the new transaction is appended at the rear end. The first and second phases are repeated indefinitely as long as the transactions keep arriving in the data stream. The third phase gets activated when the user requests for the frequent item sets. When the user request arrives, the frequent item sets in the current sliding window are generated using the candidate generation approach of the apriori algorithm and MASK operation.

An increasing of chronic diseases associated with the imbalance and substantive nutrition intake on the types’ food consumed away from home witnesses the awakening concerned and awareness among the restaurant customers toward nutritional information. Customers positively perceived the important of providing nutritional information in the full service restaurant menu. Nonetheless, the restaurant operators’ willingness, constraints and obstacles in providing such information have not been widely explored. This study empirically investigates the Malaysian full service restaurant operators’ responsiveness towards providing nutritional information in the menu. Result demonstrates that the serious concerned of the customers is not in line with operators’ responsiveness particularly on certain issues. Restaurant operators are still having inadequate knowledge, understanding and awareness about nutritional information in restaurant menu compared to the processed food. Operators not seemed ready as their willingness of providing such information is subjected to the implementation of mandatory policy or legislation by the government while the unreasonable burdens costs ranging from operational to the overall reduction business financial performance are recognized as their major constraints in making nutritional information available in restaurant menu.

Freeze-drying has been developed as a good technique to improve the solubility, dissolution and stability of microparticle. The poor stability and dissolution in an aqueous medium of these systems forms a real barrier against the pharmaceutical use of microparticle and microparticle. This reviews paper suggest about the freeze-drying microparticle and microparticle. It discusses the most important parameters that influence the success of freeze-drying of these fragile systems, and provides an overview of microparticle freeze-drying process and formulation strategies with a focus on the impact of formulation of different particles (nanoparticles and microparticle) and crystals stability.

Grape is one of the most delicious, refreshing and nourishing fruits. One of the most important cultivars of grape, cv. Perlette is being grown extensively in northern India owing to its attractive colour, heavy bearing and good fruit quality. However, more thrust is to be laid on further improvement of the fruit quality. In this report we demonstrate the effect of girdling, thinning and application of GA3 on fruit quality and shelf life of grape. Girdling + 40 ppm of GA3 proved most effective in increasing the quality in terms of total soluble solids (TSS) (17.47 %), total sugar (8.94 %) reducing sugar (10.35 %), TSS/acid ratio (27.24 %) and resulted in decrease in acidity (24.59 %). During storage at room temperature minimum physiological loss in weight (9.42 %) was observed after three days of storage. The present study therefore suggests that girdling and growth regulator application is a desirable practice to enhance berry ripening and fruit quality in grape cv. Perlette.

Eslicarbazepine acetate is a third generation, single enantiomer [(S)-(-)-10-acetoxy-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine-5-carboxamide] member of the commonly prescribed first-line antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), formerly known as BIA 2-093, is a novel central nervous system (CNS)-active compound with anticonvulsant activity. It is a prodrug which is activated to eslicarbazepine (S-licarbazepine), an active metabolite of oxcarbazepine. Eslicarbazepine acetate is used as an adjunctive therapy in adult patients with partial onset seizures. It behaves as a voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) blocker and is currently marketed for the treatment of epilepsy. Eslicarbazepine acetate shares with carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine the dibenzazepine nucleus bearing the 5-carboxamide substitute, but is structurally different at the 10,11-position. This molecular variation results in differences in metabolism, preventing the formation of toxic epoxide metabolites such as carbamazepine-10,11 epoxide. This drug is considered as an adjunct to carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine.

As the creative industry grows from the producing sector and becoming more complex in business industry, entrepreneurship will draw more attention to the need for emphasizing among SMEs in creative industry in Malaysia. Artists should develop entrepreneurial thinking in their business strategies to face challenges in competitive market today. A good creative entrepreneur not totally depends on the artistic value, but they should emphasize on how to utilize the minimum resources to fulfill the maximum consumer requirement towards the product demand in a market. Hence, entrepreneurship training is a fundamental step to make creative entrepreneur become more knowledgeable, skillful, and motivate. Nowadays, the Minister of Arts, Culture and Heritage takes responsibility to ensure that the implementation of creative industry in Malaysia becomes reality (Rais Yatim, 2006). So, entrepreneurship training becomes useful for creative entrepreneurs to achieve the government planning. A good infrastructure becomes useless if government cannot produce good practitioners in creative industry. Entrepreneurship training is a part of the creative entrepreneur development in business management in creative industry. In fact, Malaysia has a vibrant entrepreneurial base with a huge potential to become a global player. Indeed, the past and current policies to create a class of entrepreneurs have succeeded in the sense that there are more involved in business now compared to before. So, entrepreneurship training becomes as a first step approach among local creative entrepreneurs to develop their motivation toward successful in business in creative industry.

Super-resolution is the process of creating an high resolution image from a low resolution input sequence. To overcome the difficulties of good image registration, several methods have been proposed exploiting the non-neighbourhood intuition, i.e. any data-point can contribute to the ?nal result if it is relevant. These algorithms however limit in practice the search region for relevant points in order to lower the corresponding computational cost. Furthermore, they de?ne the non-neighbourhood relations in the high resolution space, where the true images are unknown. In this work, we introduce the use of phantom hashing to efficiently compute fully non-neighbourhood neighbours. We also restate the super-resolution functional using ?xed weights in the low resolution space, allowing us to use resolution schemes that avoid many artifacts.

The study of radiation defects created in biomaterials, such as bones can be used in dating with importance to paleontology and archaeology. A preliminary attempt has been made to date the bone samples recently excavated from the archaeological site Gudnapur in Karnataka state, India. Each sample was divided into five sets which were given an artificial dose (AD) by using ? irradiation of 50 Gy, 300 Gy, 800 Gy, 1500 Gy and 3200 Gy. All the samples show similar EPR spectra having g-values 2.0026, 2.0025 and 2.0013 corresponding to orthorhombic CO2- and axial CO2- respectively. These signals have been used for the age estimation of the archaeological bone samples assuming the dose rate to be 6.8 mGy/a. The calculated ages of the samples are 36 ± 24 ka, 12 ± 87 ka and 19 ± 83 ka. These samples correspond to the upper stage of the Pleistocene epoch respectively and in good agreement with age predicted by archaeological Department. X-ray diffraction studies revealed the transformation of the mineral components partially into fluoroapatite form with addition of goethite, quartz phases and with preserved collagen remains. The aim was to establish their degree of preservation and possibilities of inferring the life conditions from them.

Children of incarcerated parents are a group who experience serious emotional, behavioral and psychological suffering that often receives little attention. They might face unique difficulties such economic and residential instability, experienced trauma due to the sudden separation from their sole caregivers and they also display more behavioral problems than their counterparts. The relationship between children’s well-being score and factors affect were examined in 10 children aged 8 to 15 years old. Children’s well-being score were assessed using selected domains based on the suggestions from Land and colleagues (2001). All twelve items that predicted would affect children’s well-being were included from three groups; economic resources, relationships with peers and social support. Economic resources, social support and relationship with peers groups were important predictors which give an insight into how it would affect children’s well-being score. Though the findings indicated that well-being of the children with an incarcerated family were influenced by eight items from the three groups; works, income, stigmatization, bullied, disturbance, isolation, help in study and much time with children. This research revealed that children with higher attention from their caregivers had higher level of children’s well-being score. In addition, it was found that relationship with peers, family’s income and works also played important roles in determining children’s well-being.