Archives-August 2011

The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-nitropyridine (HMNP) have been recorded and analyzed. The optimized geometry, and harmonic vibrational wave numbers of HMNP have been investigated with the help of B3LYP scaled quantum mechanical (SQM) method supplemented with 6-311++G** basis set. The infrared and Raman spectra were predicted theoretically from the calculated intensities. The observed and simulated spectra were found to be well comparable.

In this study, the solid phase FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of the 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-nitropyridine (HM5NP) was recorded in the range 4000–400 cm^–1 and 3500–100 cm^–1, respectively. Theoretical information on the optimized geometry, harmonic vibrational frequencies, Infrared and Raman intensities were obtained by means of density functional theory (DFT) using standard B3LYP/6-311++G** level. This information was used in the assignment of the various fundamentals. Comparison of the simulated spectra with the experimental spectra provides important information about the ability of the computational method to describe the vibrational modes.

In this study, two cotton cultivars viz. LD 694 (Gossypium arboreum L.) and LH 2076 (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were used to investigate factors influencing efficiency of transformation from the shoot apices of aseptically germinated seedlings for the Agrobacterium mediated transformation using the Agrobacterium strain GV3101 having the plasmid pPZP200 vector, carrying cry1Ac gene. The objective of study was to develop genotype independent Agrobacterium mediated transformation method. Antibiotics sensitivity assay showed that Kanamycin @ 50mg/l inhibited the regeneration of shoot tips in both LD 694 and LH 2076 genotypes and Cefotaxime @ 250mg/l check the bacterial growth. For Agrobacterium mediated transformation, a dilution of 500 µl /25ml of water using dip method and co-cultivation for 72 hours were resulted in better infection and survival of agroinfected explants with GV3101 strain in both genotypes. Average survival of 11.42% and 13.51% was recorded for Agrobacterium transformed shoots on selection medium supplemented with 50 mg/l Kanamycin and 250mg/l Cefotaxime in LD 694 and LH 2076 genotypes, respectively. GUS expression of transformed tissues ranged from 5.5-12.0 % in shoot tips. PCR analysis confirmed the presence of Cry 1Ac gene in putative transformed tissues.

A mild stress is must for stimulation, motivation and growth which is desirable. Till you manage stress, it is not harmful but when stress starts managing you it becomes harmful. When we do or are made to do things beyond our capacity, the paradigm is broken and we become tense – this is nothing but STRESS. In business across the country, the employee stress levels are rising day by day along with the talks of increasing conflicts in the organisations. Each individual reacts differently to the factors causing stress and actual stress itself. Though it is believed that women generally tend to go into shell when extremely stressed, men on the contrary become more violent, irritable and develop addictions. No addiction can claim to be free from stress at all points of time. Stress cannot be eliminated full but can be reduced, so the need of the hour is to manage the stress at the right time. We have to manage stress till, stress starts managing us. Various techniques are used to manage stress by arranging various stress relieving programmes say yoga, meditation etc. Stress should not only be managed at individual level but more important is to be managed at Individual level but more important is to managed it out at organisational level. As one’s quality of professional life leads to quality of personal, family and social life which cannot be easily separated.

The recovery of significance topics and associated sources from environment where the information is readily available. In this project, fusion system has been developed to handle the information assembly method. Hierarchal Hyperbolic SOM (H2SOM) network is used in this system to configure the information background for information seeking process and to recover the information for the significant topic. Activation network has been used to choose the related information with reference to the existing knowledge. This network is used to choose the appropriate information from the source. This project use association rule of Data mining to examine the recognized topics. Association rule will perform numerical testing to examine the recognized topics. This system will be implemented in several industries and most applicable domain is hospital industry. Information overload has been monitored by this system. In this system information assembly method will be achieved effectively.

This article provides a short introduction to Project based Learning (PjBL) that are significant in the mechanical engineering students project MR02/07 development for agricultural product and typical of socio-constructivist of student approaches. The objectives of using PjBL module is producing innovative product by implementation PjBL concept. These project methods will describe deeply the process of development chopper machine with specified code MR02/07. By using PjBL module the process will drive directly from first to the end. Guided with BIE approach and reference models, PjBL module create new 21 century learning era with guided in project development to meet engineering standard and completed on time. It’s works smoothly with guided forms at PjBL module instrument. Engineering students will fulfill the mastery learning in engineering project development methods when use PjBL module for their product development. Please, see project-based learning (PjBL) module that develop for engineering project development at Mechanical Department, Politeknik Kota Bharu, Malaysia.

Teaching of English is a profession. There are certain aspects that are very important to be considered for the teaching of English as ESL/EFL/ESP etc. The professional effectiveness becomes more demanding especially in a situation which is not very conducive to the teaching of English for the speakers of other languages than English. The case of Arab countries in general and Saudi Arabia in particular falls under the same category. The pedagogic significance of Lesson planning has always been debated for a very long time. It is believed if a specific lesson is planned the results are expected to be far better. The present paper will explore certain theoretical as well practical issues related to the lesson planning as a strategy for the teaching of Reading (ENGLISH).

The aim of this paper is to analyze the exogenous and endogenous factors that determine the strategy of de-internationalization of SMEs in the sector of the footwear in the Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara (ZMG). The proposed model explains the adoption of the strategy of de-internationalization from studies of comparative cases of SMEs in the footwear sector of the ZMG. In-depth interviews were applied to managers and staff involved during the time that the company was exporting. Analysis points out that lack of strategic planning and the instability in the foreign currency exchange rate are major factors that determine the strategy of de-internationalization in SMEs in the ZMG. Also, it is evident that the strategic imbalance during the de-internationalization strategy is not considered as a failure, but rather as an opportunity to redirect it and thus grow in the local market.

The aim of the present paper is to obtain two summation formulae based on half argument involving hypergeometric function. The results derived in this paper are of general character and are believed to be new.

Mean Monthly, seasonal and zonal percentages of thunderstorms (TS) and rainfall (RF) frequency obtained, analyzed and depicted using fifty years (1961–2010) data of 54 Pakistani observatories spread uniformly over the country. The study has revealed that there is a significant correlation between the frequencies of said parameters, while there is a one month time lag found in the occurrence of peak activity of TS and RF. Seasonal analysis of these two parameters suggests that rainfall yield associated with post-monsoon season is marginally more than TS activity and significantly more in winter season. Considering zones of the country during winter, apart form Sindh RF activity is significantly more than TS but during May to September (most of premonsoon and monsoon) TS activity is found more than RF in all zones. This behavior is consistent with the overall seasonal behavior of the country. The monthly study has revealed two marked peaks of TS and RF while rainfall activity in end of winter and start of premonsoon is greater than in peak monsoonal months. Overall seasonal analysis of these two parameters suggests that rainfall yield associated with post-monsoon season TS seems to be higher than the pre-monsoon season. Station wise seasonal analysis of winter suggested that all stations acquire much more RF accompanied with very little TS activity. The situation is reverse for premonsoon and monsoon while in postmonsoon, situation is rather complex. All data is also demoed in graphical representations and tabulated with characterized statistical and analytical values. The aim of this paper is to promote various components of TS and RF activity over Pakistan and to help the weather forecasters, aircraft pilots, agriculturists and planners in this respect. The study also emphasizes the need for more studies in this direction.