Archives-April 2016

This study investigated contributions of industrial wastewater on quality of receiving urban rivers and streams in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania, to establish their contamination levels and assess risks to human health and ecology. Water and sediment samples from 21 locations were analyzed for physicochemical parameters, nutrients and toxic metals. Pollution status was evaluated by contamination indices and comparison with benchmarks. Results showed high levels of dissolved solids, nutrients and toxic metals in water and significant levels of contamination in sediments. Poorly treated industrial effluents contributed in contaminating the receiving rivers; however significant levels of contamination were found to originate from other upstream sources as well. These findings indicate high risk to human health and the environment.

Studies were carried out to assess the influence of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the performance of Solanum macrocarpon L. (African egg plant) in Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State Nigeria. Organic fertilizers (Poultry manure and cow dung) were applied at the rate of 150g per pot and the inorganic (NPK 20:15:15 and Urea) at 6g per pot to make a field equivalent of 8t ha¬-1 and 200kg ha-1 respectively. Poultry manure gave the best performance in terms of height, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot biomass, relative growth rate and fruit weight. The relative growth rate, number of leaves and plant height were similar in NPK and Urea applied pots but lower than those of poultry manure. The results obtain from this study indicated that poultry manure could be an alternative source of fertilizer to S. macrocarpon production in place of the inorganic NPK and Urea fertilizers. The study further suggests that poultry manure used for crop improvement is a means of turning waste to wealth in crop production. The leaves and fruits produced from poultry manure fertilized soil supports the current global campaigns for organic food production.

In the present study, the FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzaldehyde have been recorded in the region 4000–400 cm_1 and 3500–50 cm_1, respectively. The fundamental modes of vibrational frequencies of (TMB) are assigned. Theoretical information on the optimized geometry, harmonic vibrational frequencies, infrared and Raman intensities were obtained by means of ab initio Hartree–Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) gradient calculations with complete relaxation in the potential energy surface using 6-31+G(d,p)) basis set. The vibrational frequencies which were determined experimentally from the spectral data are compared with those obtained theoretically from ab initio and DFT calculations. A close agreement was achieved between the observed and calculated frequencies by refinement of the scale factors. The infrared and Raman spectra were also predicted from the calculated intensities. Thermodynamic properties like entropy, heat capacity, zero point energy, have been calculated for the molecule. The calculated HOMO–LUMO energy gap reveals that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. Unambiguous vibrational assignment of all the fundamentals was made using the total energy distribution (TED).

A page fault is a kind of delay, put forward by the system hardware on accessing of a page by a process in execution, which is plotted in the virtual memory, but not really stacked to the main memory. The set up which observes the interrupt is known as the CPU's memory management unit (MMU), whereas the exception handling program which tackles these interrupts is mainly a section of systems program kernel. During managing an interrupt, the systems program normally take attempts in making the needed page obtainable at the locale in physical memory, or aborts the process in a scenario of unauthorized memory retrieval. In this paper we have done a survey on different techniques to handling a page fault or an interrupt.

In this report a case of periprosthetic fracture of femur associated with diabetes mellitus since 10 years, 2years ago, she was operated with A.M prosthesis for neck right femur fracture. It takes into account the site of the fracture, the stability of the implant, and the surrounding bone stock, which are the important elements of the fracture and hip that determines treatment.

The aim of this present work is to investigate the sorption potential of a modified and unmodified fly ash as a law-cost adsorbent material for the removal of phenyl from aqueous medium. In this regard fly ash is a very attractive option, because it is cheap, widely available and has good mechanical stability for handing purposes and employment in adsorption columns. The effect of various factors such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, PH, temperature and initial adsorbent. A concentration on the sorption process was investigated under batch equilibrium technique using UV/Vis Spectrometry. The result obtained showed that the capacity of fly ash for adsorption of Phenyl depends on the initial PH and concentration of solutions.

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of industrial effluents on biochemical parameters of Cicer arietinum crop. Water samples were collected from a common outlet of different industries of Kota. The biochemical parameters studied were phenol, protein, starch, total soluble sugar, pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, and total chlorophyll) and antioxidative enzymes like catalase and peroxidase. These parameters were compared between plants grown in industrial waste water and controls. Results showed that industrial waste water irrigated crops significantly affect some biochemical contents. Result showed that total chlorophyll, protein and catalase content is decreased in plants irrigated with waste water in comparison to that with control water crop, Whereas starch , total soluble sugar, carotenoid, phenol and peroxidase contents were increased in plants irrigated with waste water in comparison to that with control water crop. Significant changes are seen in total carbohydrate content of industrial waste water irrigated crop as compared to control. Study showed that industrial waste water irrigation stress induces the changes in biochemical parameters and antioxidative enzymes content in Cicer crop.

Diabetes mellitus is the most common and significant chronic endocrine disorder affecting approximately 200 million individuals worldwide. The Research objective was phytochemical investigation and anti-diabetic activity of polar/non-polar solvent extracts of Urtica parviflora leaves. The extracts were subjected to qualitative chemical tests and steroids, triterpenoids, carbohydrates, glycosides and tannins and phenolic compounds were found to be present. The presence of steroids was confirmed by TLC & HPTLC. The effect of different extracts such as ethanolic, petroleum-ether, aqueous and chloroform of Urtica parviflora leaves were evaluated for their antidiabetic activity by using alloxan induced diabetes model (albino rats) and Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg. p.o.) used as standard drug. LD50 cut-off dose of Urtica Parviflora leaves extracts of petroleum ether, ethanolic, chloroform and aqueous extracts were found to be 2000 mg/kg. 1/10th of LD50 cut-off dose of Urtica parviflora leaves extracts were taken for screening of antidiabetic activity. The present work confirms that ethanolic, aqueous and chloroform extracts showed significant antidiabetic activity.

With the aim of contributing to the knowledge of South-India Medieval age brick production, the mineralogy of briquettes excavated from the site of Gangaikondacholapuram (India) has been studied in order to make inferences concerning the clay preparation and firing techniques of that period. In this work, the fired brick finds (GKSB-1 to GKSB-5) were analysed by three distinct techniques namely Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM/EDS to determine their mineralogical, chemical compositions and microstructures respectively. The relative similarity of compositions, the fine, dense and homogeneous microstructures and the presence of high-temperature phases such as pyroxenes, mullite, analcime and wusite in the sample coded GKSB-1, GKSB-3 and GKSB-5 showed the use of high firing temperatures, in the range 900–1000°C. While the presence of kaolinite and halloysite clay minerals in the briquettes GKSB-2 and GKSB-4 suggests the low temperature of firing (? 600°C) and may be related to adobe bricks, all indicate the adoption of non-calcareous clay with specialized brick making techniques by the brick makers of Gangaikondacholapuram in the 11thto 12th millennia CE. Key words: FT-IR, XRD, SEM/EDS, Firing techniques, ancient brick samples.

Environmental friendly energy system is going to develop compared to convectional primary energy due to energy security problems. As the cost of solar energy is zero, the demand of solar energy is gradually increased in different purposes such as electricity, cooling and so on. Moreover, in the energy market, Photovoltaic (PV) inverters bear a very important role due to cost and efficiency. Hence, Transformer (TRX)-less inverter system is part and parcel where possible to reduce the overall system cost, size with high efficiency. In this review paper, different TRX-less inverter topologies are focused with the different switching conditions and the process of Leakage Current Reduction (LCR). Here is shown the basic concept of PV panel, flow chart according to the review papers, different leakage current paths and the mitigation processes.