International Business

Recent studies have shown That job satisfaction Positive definite form With users' satisfaction Information is relevant. This study has shown The job satisfaction of both the At the individual level and organizational level Will be effective upon execution and performance. In this study, Accountants to review the consent Into the computer accounting system And its impact on job satisfaction Accountants Kermanshah province has focused on government agencies. Other analyzes of other Including gender, type of accounting information systems, the number of tasks, frequency of computer use And is computer literate. These studies on 43 Accountants employed in public organizations has been the province of Kermanshah. Results from these studies show The job satisfaction of accountants Certainly with the consent of the accounting information system Their relationship is positive. Also, job satisfaction Higher with more frequent use The computer is connected. No evidence And there is evidence that other communication Among other variables with job satisfaction And consent of the accounting information system Is available. It is therefore proposed studies The accounting system designers Visitors should use the More aware and involved the use The building's computer system.

Agriculture remains the main source of livelihood for more than 2.6 billion people in the world; the majority of them are located in developing countries. Rising incomes, urbanization and shifting consumption patterns have increased agricultural production in most areas of the world. However, despite fabulous increase in agricultural production per capita in every country of world, major distributional inequalities in access of agro-based food are already persisting. At the same time, according to the millennium ecosystem assessment predicts that prospect of providing sufficient agro-based food to sustain another 2 billion people by 2020 to food secure if the productivity of agricultural production systems cannot keep pace with this demand. As these systems are under increasing pressure to meet the growing need for food, so it is also vital that the environmental challenges associated with agricultural production are addressing effectively to combat water pollution, pesticide use, land degradation and greenhouse gas emissions etc.

Henri Fayol (1841-1925), French pioneer of management history, was among the first to recognize and document the universal organizational need for succession planning. However, effective leaders down through the centuries have developed and implemented succession plans for their organizations. There are many leaders today who give little or no “thought to the conclusion of their leadership and so they do little to prepare for it. However, when suddenly faced with leaving their office, they realize that much of their work will have been in vain unless there is a capable successor”.

This paper examines the role of ICT in the development of the global labour market and its role in the free flow of labour across borders. It was discovered that ICT has not only contributed to the phenomenon of brain drain but it has also created avenues for repatriations of the gains accruable to the drain. Globalization and the internet has also made it possible for brains to be tapped at home without being drained from the local labour market through the processes of outsourcing and off-shoring of productive efforts by trans and multi-national organizations. Using scenario network mapping (SNM), the study tries to define possible alternative futures for this opportunity. It was discovered that training and equipping the local labour force with ICT and globally relevant skills can assist developing nations in deriving maximum benefit from the burgeoning global labour market.

The aim of this paper is to inspect the dares of female entrepreneurship in Lahore (n=150). Through a questionnaire, major obstacles are found among women on jobs and those who running their traditional business like; boutiques, parlor and embroidery. Descriptive analysis and Factor Analysis Model is used for data analysis. The results are proposed that females want to work and can manage their business self-sufficiently but due to social culture issues they are not taking any initiative to start a new business. Government does not support the female’s entrepreneurship and does not take action for providing the basic education to the females. The female entrepreneurship development is not only due to dearth of financial resources but also lack awareness for facilities available to develop their skills.

Today, world is witnessing an economic crisis from many directions. Labor market is one of the main stakeholders of global economic crisis; there is a demand-supply lag that has severe consequences on youth and dependent population of any country all over the world. Entrepreneurship is one way that can settle the market disturbances. As more young people pursue entrepreneurship, employment opportunities are created, and hence economic cycles return to recovery phase at macro level. Youth entrepreneurship is vital for any successful economy or the world at large with effect to globalization. As easy as it may seem, there exist market imperfections, and hence intervention is required in terms of public policies and programs to provide selective initiatives and opportunities to young entrepreneurs help face the significant barriers, especially women- a great potential in the entrepreneurial sector. Present study aims to investigate the passion of entrepreneurship among the Pakistani youth. Data of 400 respondents was collected from internet sources.

Trying to explain the principles of management, with the help of the different approaches is done by scholars in seminary and university. Approaches such as: fundamentalism, religious, legal, exegetical, historical, governmental method of the Prophet (pbuh) and Imam Ali (AS). Undoubtedly, each of these approaches is directly applicable at all or at least some managerial areas such as general manager duties, specific duties of directors, influence of principles and assumptions, managerial qualities and characteristics, management philosophy, management techniques, theory and management, etc. “Management control is the major component. Control and monitoring is the assessment of decisions and programs since its implementation and necessary proceedings to prevent the diversion of program operations and correct the possible caused deviations.” (Jasbi, 274:1991)In this paper, an approach to the study of organizational control principles based on the effective mechanisms in order to explain the control and surveillance sources and devices in Islam have been reviewed. In addition, competition and regulatory role of Raghib and ATid, prophets and saints, angels, testimonies of members and organs of the human soul, approximately, enjoined and prohibited from denying public and self-control, especially as the top element of organizational life, and discuss focus is placed. Furthermore, the role of prophets and saints, angels, testimonies of members and organs of the human soul, public enjoined and prohibited from denying and self-control, especially as the superior and effective element of organizational life, will be discussed and explored.

During the last two decades, Relation between trade liberalization & increasing exports with the achievement measure to environmental standards has attracted the attention of researchers. In economy area, this subject has been considered with a specific approach. For this purpose, in this article we are tried with the using of dates ways panel, the exports impact of industrial goods, besides the other effective variables on the environment as income, population & Value Added of industry sector for two groups of The organization of economic & development member countries(OECD) and selected developing countries, like Iran in the period of (1991-2007) has been studied on emission measure of carbon dioxide’s greenhouse gas .Also, the effective of variable model on emission measure of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide as the dependent variable, in OECD member countries has been tested in the period of (1991-2002).The relations between variables with the using of estimation to the ways of fixed impacts , random effects & the way of Generalized method of moments is estimated .The results of model estimation is indicated that the economic development, population growth & the add value of industry sector have positive & significant effect on the emission measure of Pollution in both groups of selected countries. Exports of industrial goods in OECD member countries have positive & significant effect on the emission measure of Pollution & in developing countries have the positive & significant effect too.

Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial culture are receiving an increased amount of attention in both academic research and practice. Entrepreneurship is linked with value creation and, as such, is thought to have a significant impact on economic growth, continuous business renewal, and employment (Tang and Koreas, 2004). Thus, it is apparent why there is also an increased interest in educational programmers designed to encourage entrepreneurship and to provide a better infrastructure for Business start-ups (Vesper and Gartner, 1997). However, despite the high level of activity, there is concern about the effectiveness of such policies (Gibb, 2002). It is quite possible that a better understanding of the factors that influence attitudes towards entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intent could facilitate the successful development of these initiatives, especially for university students who, in comparison to individuals without university education, are more likely to pursue self-employment that has significant impact on economic growth (Robinson and Sexton, 1994). In large organizations, supporting entrepreneurial behavior at all hierarchal levels for growth and increasing competitive advantages, is necessary. This study contributes to the entrepreneurship literature by introducing emotional intelligence as an additional factor that explains how entrepreneurs perceive their own success. Using survey data from 112 Iranian entrepreneurs, we find that emotionally intelligent entrepreneurs are more likely to judge their entrepreneurial success using the following criteria: employee satisfaction, social responsibility, personal satisfaction, customer satisfaction and business performance. Furthermore, not all EI dimensions are equally relevant to explain the phenomenon. We find that “regulation of emotion in others” seems to be the most important dimension, whereas “emotion in others” seems to be the less relevant one.

Two  appropriate post-tax petroleum exploration models were constructed and tested for three hypothetical field profiles (i.e low, medium and high volume fields) from a development economics perspective and the proposed tax regimes tested for both oil price and development cost ($/bbl). 40% government participation through the international oil company was considered in both cases. The resulted government takes for the first proposal are 76.89%, 83.07%, and 86.94% for low, medium and high volume fields respectively. Respective percentages for the second proposal are 76.20%, 80.03% and 85.43%. These values are above the average global take of 64% but within the range of 40% to 87% for most world oil producers. Analysis of the models indicates an increase in government take as the development costs ($/bbl) increases but a decrease when the oil price ($/bb) increases, which shows regressivity. However, the second regime shows more neutrality, efficiency and focused stability, though still maintaining high government take. This contributes to more attraction for investment from both government and investors perspective. Thus, the second fiscal proposal is recommended to the Nigerian government, considering its incentives.