Physiology and Anatomy

Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection is a major public health problem worldwide. Tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients presents clinical and paraclinical atypicalities making the diagnosis of this pathology difficult.We report in this manuscript the observation of a patient with multifocal tuberculosis revealing HIV infection.

Intestinal phytobezoars are rare causes of small bowel obstruction. Treatment consists of surgical extraction by enterotomy. We report a case of small bowel obstruction on a phytobezoar in a 66-year-old woman treated by enterotomy followed by manual extraction.

Primary retroperitoneal hydatid cysts of the psoas muscle are rare. We report the case of a recurrent hydatid cyst of the psoas muscle in a 57-year-old patient with a left lumbar-iliac mass. Ultrasound and computed tomography contributed to preoperative diagnosis. The mass was completely removed via a retroperitoneal approach. We will discuss in this article the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the psoas hydatid cyst.

The advancements in surgical nephrology in the management of numerous renal pathologies in the form of vascular reconstruction, renal transplants, nephron sparing surgeries, etc and the indispensable use of non invasive MDCT technology in detecting the variations in renal arteries anatomy has validated the study. Assessment of the anatomical variants of bilateral renal arteries in Indian population cohort on MDCT angiography and its clinical implications. 110 subjects were included in the study. The subjects were in the age group of 20 to 50 years. There were 60 (55%) male and 50(45%) female subjects. Normal and variant anatomy of renal arteries was studied using a 40 slice multidetector CT scanner. 76(69%) patients had single renal artery on right side, two renal arteries in 32(29%) patients and three renal arteries in 2(1.8%) patients. On the left side 87(79%) patients have single renal artery, 19(17%) patients have two renal arteries and 4(3.6%) patients have three renal arteries. No correlation with respect to the sex of the subjects was found. Knowledge of the renal artery anatomy is crucial in attaining the precision in renal related surgeries and MDCT renal angiography is the ideal modality of choice as it is not only accurate but also provides a detailed anatomical road map of the vascular anatomy.

Krukenberg tumors are defined as ovarian metastasis of digestive tract cancer. They represent only 1% to 2% of all malignant ovarian tumors [1]. Stomach is the most common primary site. We report an observation of Krukenberg tumor arising from a gastric cancer, discovered during the exploration of chronic abdominal pain in a 48-year- old women. The call signs were mainly digestive. Ultrasonography and pelvic MRI played a key diagnostic role. The aim of our article was to give an overview of the imaging features of typical Krukenberg tumor.

Blue rubber nevus syndrome also known as Bean syndrome, is a rare vascular congenital condition responsible for multiple venous malformations that usually concern the skin and the gastrointestinal tract, rarely reported affecting the central nervous system, lung or the thyroid gland. We herein present a case of an 80-year-old male, diagnosed with Biermer’s disease since 2006, he latter on was subject to an aggravation of his anemia leading the investigations to discover multiple gastrointestinal (GI) ‘blebs’ causing recurrent haemorrhages.

Laparoscopy (or laparoscopy) is considered in surgery as a non-invasive elective approach. It allows a shorter duration of hospitalization, fewer scarring sequelae, an improvement in morbidity and a reduction in the cost of the intervention. In our case study, we propose a retrospective study of about 113 patients, the aim of which is to underline the interest of laparoscopy in the discovery and/or confirmation of the diagnosis, in situations where the etiological diagnosis could not be established, despite morphological examinations.

The incidence of coronary spasm appears to be decreasing, probably due to the widespread use of bradycardia calcium channel blockers, statin, and reducing smoking also. Many studies have shown the pathological association of atheroma plaque and coronary spasm. The new imaging techniques: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Intravasculaire ultrasound (IVUS), allows accurate analysis of arterial tunnels. In this article, we report a case of a patient who presented with refractory spastic angina, wich was complicated by acute coronary syndrome many month later.

Contrary to the primitive forms of the infant Acute intestinal intussusception is a rare entity in children. Adult, showing 10% of all intussusceptions and 4% of intestinal obstructions in adults. And an organic lesion is often found at the point of weakness of the intussusception in 80% of the cases at the adult. Malignant tumors represent the first etiology of intussusceptions, especially in the colon, whereas they are secondary to a benign lesion (especially in the hail) in 25% of cases. Treatment is always surgical in adults and leaves no room for reduction by hyperpressure under radiological control.

Metastasis to the pancreas, are uncommon and usually sign of extensive disease ; they remain asymptomatic or are associated with nonspecific complaints . it may be difficult to differentiate a pancreatic metastasis from a primary pancreatic tumor, being the clinical presentation and the radiological characteristics similar for both primary and secondary neoplasms. The cytomorphology in combination with the clinical history and immunohistochemical findings can indicate a definitive diagnosis and avoid additional time-consuming diagnostic procedures for appropriate clinical management ; We aim to expose an exceptional case of a patient with a medullary thyroid carcinoma metastatic to the pancreas