Educational Technology

Information revolution implies the use of technology especially electronic devices in communication, information, knowledge and skills. Today, in electronic era information technology is sharing and interchanging information such as knowledge, mental skills, motor skills and attitude through the use of mass media, especially electronics. In the broadest sense information technology refers to both the hardware and software that are used to store, dissemination and manipulate of information. Information technology comprises computers, networks, satellite communications, robotics videotext, cable television, electronic mail, electronic games and automated office equipments. Information technology mainly includes computer, internet and multimedia. The main objective of the study is to find out the level of academic creativity and achievement of adolescents not using information technology. Also, another objective is to study the effect of use of information technology on creativity and information technology of adolescents. Descriptive survey method has used in the research. Baquer Mehdi’s verbal test of creative thinking (TCW) has used to measure the creativity of adolescents. It provides three factor scores-fluency, flexibility and originality. Final results of the students are collected for measuring Academic Achievement. A sample consist 200 adolescents of two streams (science and arts) of graduation class which has selected by Purposive Sampling Method from Mathura. To interpret & analysis the data statistical techniques Mean, Standard Deviation, t/ CR test, ANOVA were used. The study of interactional effect of all three independent variables - AXBXC i.e. stream * sex x use of information technology results in the rejection of null hypothesis and it was found that all the three variables combinedly effect the creativity and academic achievement of adolescents. On the basis of the findings given above it may be concluded that the use of information technology effect the creativity and academic achievement of Adolescents.

Textual materials encompass all kinds of books and other printed materials used by teachers and learners for reference before, during and after instruction. They are mainly used for presentation of information to the learners and complementing teacher presentation through the learners’ private study. Examples of these include textbooks, class readers, course books, reference books, supplementary readers, newspapers, workbooks, fiction, periodicals, study guides, manuals, worksheets, and magazines among others. The teachers can choose the appropriate type of textual material to use depending on the content to be taught and the purposes of instruction. This paper is a discussion of the value of textual materials in particular textbooks in the language classroom. This paper will examine whether textbooks liberate teachers or are systems of control by looking at their advantages and disadvantages and how teachers can adapt other commercial textbooks in the language classroom.

The study was carried out to find out the most serious problems faced by the teachers in overcrowded classes. The population of the study included 20, all the government girls’ schools at the secondary level in district Peshawar, Province of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan Close –ended questionnaires was the tool of the study, which was administered to teachers in order to get clear picture of the problems faced by them. The data were given both quantitative and qualitative treatment. The outcome of the study indicated that effective teaching was not possible in overcrowded classes and majority of the teachers were facing instructional, discipline, physical and evaluation problems. In order to solve these problems some implementable measures were made which suggested that government should make strict rules and policies regarding optimum students in classrooms and provide sufficient budget to education department for providing better facilities in schools.

This paper is a report on the findings of a study conducted on seventh-grade science course. Experimental techniques were used to examine the resulting of utilizing visual cues in a web-based learning environment. Findings indicate that there were no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the mean scores of the science achievement test of the first experimental group (which uses the web site with visual cues associated with hyperlinks) and the second experimental group (which uses the web site without visual cues associated with hyperlinks). However, there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the pre and post applications of the science achievement test of the first experimental group in favor of the post application. Also, there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the pre and the post applications of the science achievement test of the second experimental group in favor of the post application.

The present paper focuses on the problems faced be prospective teachers during teaching practice in teacher training institutions. The teacher training institutions responsible for preparing prospective secondary school teachers just like Institute of Education and Research. Teaching practice is the essential part of teacher training programmes in Pakistan. It provides opportunities to prospective teachers to develop and improve their professional practices. The research study aims at identifying the level of problems experienced by prospective teachers of Institute of Education and Research (IER) during their teaching practice in different schools. The sample for this study was contained 125 female prospective teachers. A questionnaire and informal discussion with schools heads and teachers were used as data collection tools. The questionnaire contained 25 close ended and 5 open ended questions. Data was collected from all the personnel concerned with this activity. The results of research show that the time period allocated for teaching practice was insufficient. Prospective teachers were not completely guided before teaching practice. The allocated supervisors were not adequate to evaluate the performance of Prospective teachers effectively.

Information literacy is an essential competence for the contemporary information society. An information literate person knows why and how to use information for achieving the purposes, and act ethically. In order to further understand the information literacy of undergraduates and establish the base for the practice strategy promoting undergraduates' information literacy, the self-made "Questionnaire of Undergraduates' Information Literacy" is used in the study. The quantitative responses were analyzed by SPSS. The Cronbach's reliability coefficient of the scale was 0.875. In light of the results of the analysis, the undergraduates’ level of information literacy is on the intermediate. The ability of undergraduates to find, seek, assess and use information effectively is fairly good. During the processing of learning, information literate undergraduates should improve the efficiency in the way handle information.

This research is an attempt to study the supervision system of elementary school teachers in Kermanshah Province in order to develop a conceptual framework applying a descriptive-method. To do these first 176 factors were derived through studying the literature of models and theories in Iran which resulted in 93 factors after surgery. The suggested framework includes five main categories: philosophy and objectives, theoretical principals, supervision functions, operation stages and the model's evaluation system. The statistical community of this survey includes all teachers of Kermanshah elementary schools of which 384 teachers have been selected based on multi stage grape sampling. The content of the questionnaires developed based on educators suggestions about the content and analysis of factors and necessary modifications applied. The stability of the questionnaires has been estimated by Krenbach's Alpha method in a desirable value of 0.901. For evaluating the validity of the model 30 scholars have been selected. For data analysis descriptive statistics were applied. The main findings are: 1. in studying the current situation of the teachers' supervision system, the factors of class management and the school regulations had better results than other factors. In the factor of evaluation from the students learning the performance was average but in sustainable development of educational quality, teacher professional development and commitment, motivating students, determining educational and curricular objectives, teacher performance evaluation less work has been carried out. And in analysis of the factors, the factors classification has changed from seven to 13 factors. 2. Developing a suggested framework in order to study the teacher supervision including five categories of philosophy and objectives, theoretical principals, supervision functions in 13 branches, operation stages, and evaluation system. 3. The findings from validity of questionnaires from scholars indicate a 91.78% suitability ranking by the scholars which shows a high validity of the model in the eyes of the scholars.

Engineering has played a critical role in increasing the health, technology and quality of life of humans in the last 50 years. For efficient and effective practice of engineering, people who aspire to be engineers should be groomed in an environment where quality is assured. In Ghana, the need to train more engineers and governments policy of increasing student’s intake by about 10% each year has raised the number of student’s enrolment in all the engineering disciplines to higher levels. Over the past twenty five years, the University of Mines and Technology (UMaT), with its strategic location, industrial environment, good academic facilities and capable staff has been an excellent place for training graduates of proven ability in the engineering disciplines. UMaT has produced a high caliber of engineering graduate in the mining and its allied disciplines. Student enrolment in the University has seen a gradual increase from the early 1990’s to date. With increasing students’ intake and the slow level of infrastructural development, lecture theatres cannot cater for combined classes for courses being undertaken by students. This has resulted in pressure on academic facilities such as lecture rooms, laboratories, libraries and computers. This also implies an additional work for technicians, laboratory assistant and lecturers handling such students. It is important that government and stake holders in the tertiary education restructure and provide more funding for engineering education. The study looks at the challenges of increasing student intake in the engineering discipline and effort to be made in solving these problems. To provide an in-depth analysis to the issue at stake, available literatures were examined, available facilities were assessed and a general interaction with stakeholders including students, laboratory technicians, lecturers and administrators were employed.

Career is of immense important and plays vital role in life of an individual. In Pakistan mostly students don’t plan about their professional career during their studies and even if they plan, the planning is very vague and ambiguous. The aim of this study is to discuss the perception of business students about their career and explore the factors which influence their choice. In order to achieve this end, 300 business students were randomly selected from Lahore Business School. The data was collected through structured questionnaire. Data is analyzed by using SPSS, simple descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation and frequency distribution is used for analysis. It had been revealed that majority of students like to choose finance as their career furthermore results showed that the most influential factor was personal interest (Mean = 4.15 & S.D=1.04), followed by Team Work Skills (Mean = 4.10 & S.D= 0.97).

The focus of this study was to examine the effect of the Millennium Village Primary School Meal Project on enrolment rate and attendance of pupils in public primary schools in Yala Division, Siaya County, Kenya. The evaluation used both ex-post facto and case study research designs. The mixed methods was adopted because when both qualitative and quantitative designs are used in the same study, the strengths of both produce a research synergy in which the whole collective benefits are greater than what is obtained from either designs alone. A sample size of 179 respondents was selected using purposive sampling as well as stratified random sampling procedures. The respondents included the Area Education Officer (AEO), head teachers, other teachers, pupils, project staff and the parents through the Parents Teachers Association (PTA) membership. The instruments of data collection used in the study included questionnaires, interview guide, document analysis guide, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) guide as well as observation guide. The findings indicate that the project had significantly contributed to increased pupils enrollment as well as retention rates. In order to increase its visibility as well as sustainability, the study recommends that there is need for financial support from the government as well as capacity-building the parents on the project related activities like the tendering process so that they may participate and in the process ensure project sustainability.