Applied Chemistry

In the current study, thermoplasmonic characteristics of Moscovium nanoparticles with spherical, core–shell and rod shapes are investigated. In order to investigate these characteristics, interaction of synchrotron radiation emission as a function of the beam energy and Moscovium nanoparticles were simulated using 3D finite element method. Firstly, absorption and extinction cross sections were calculated. Then, increases in temperature due to synchrotron radiation emission as a function of the beam energy absorption were calculated in Moscovium nanoparticles by solving heat equation. The obtained results show that Moscovium nanorods are more appropriate option for using in optothermal human cancer cells, tissues and tumors treatment method.

It is very essential and important to test water before it is used for drinking, domestic, agricultural or industrial purpose. Water must be tested for different physico-chemical parameters. Selection of parameters for testing of water quality solely depends on the purpose for which the water is to be used and the extent of its quality and purity needed. Some physical tests should be performed for testing of its physical appearance such as temperature, color, odour, pH, turbidity and conductivity while chemical tests should be performed for its alkalinity, hardness and residual chlorine. The study was conducted to assess the physicochemical quality of water produced at the Kwanyako Water Treatment Plant in the Central Region of Ghana. Triplicate water samples were collected in sterile 500ml polypropylene bottles, from Raw, Settled, Filtered and Final water and examined for the physico-chemical parameters mentioned above, using the World Health Organzation (WHO) approved methods of analysis. The study was carried out for a period of 6 months (September, 2013 to February 2014). The values recorded for all the physico-chemical parameters were within the WHO acceptable limit except for the color and turbidity of the Raw water. This implied that, the water produced at the Treatment plant is efficiently treated with regards to the physicochemical parameters.

1-amino-6-(furan-2-yl)-4-methylpyrimidine-2(1H)-thione (1) on reaction with acyl chloride (a-c) yieldsN-(6-(furan-2-yl)-4-methyl-2-thioxopyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)alkyl amide (2).The fusion of compound (2) with hydrazine hydrate yields 3-alkylethyl-6-(furan-2-yl)-8-methyl-9aH-pyrimido[1,2-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine(3a-c). The structures of all the compounds series (2a-c) and (3a-c) were characterized analytically. The compounds were also monitored for anti microbial activity.

The corrosion behavior of stainless steel (SS) type 304 in 1 M HCl and at different temperatures (25 oC - 55 oC) in presence of different concentrations of heterocyclic organic compounds was studied using chemical (weight loss) and electrochemical (potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) techniques. The polarization curves reveal that these investigated compounds act as mixed type inhibitors. Adsorption of these inhibitors on SS surface was found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Results show that the rate of corrosion of SS increased with increasing temperature over the range (25 oC - 55 oC) both in the presence and the inhibitors and in their absence and decreases with increasing inhibitor concentration. This indicates that these compounds were assumed to occur via physical adsorption on the steel surface. Activation energies in the presence and absence of these investigated compounds were obtained by measuring the temperature dependence of the corrosion current. The reactivity of these compounds was analyzed through theoretical calculations based on semiempirical theory to explain the different efficiency of these compounds as corrosion inhibitors.

Soluble and conducting block copolymer (PANI-PEO) nanocomposite was prepared by oxidative polymerization of aniline in non acid media and in different weight percentages in the presence of ecologic catalyst layered called (Maghnite-H+) and reactive polymer stabilizer such as poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO2000, Mn = 2000).The morphology, structure, solubility and electrical properties of PANI-PEO copolymer nanocomposite was characterized by FTIR,Uv-vis,1H-NMR spectroscopy, dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).It was found that structue, solubility an conductivity of resulting PANI-PEO nanocomposite depended on the amount of catalyst, molecular weight and functionality of the reactive stabilizer (PEO) and molar ratio of monomers (PANI-PEO). The formation of the hydrogen bonding between PANI and PEO copolymer was predicted by the FT-IR spectra. DSC analysis showed only one (Tg=16°C) for the blend copolymer implying compatibility of the two components

Isomeric Nickel (II) complexes of toluic acid hydrazide-hydrazone, HL have been synthesized through one pot synthesis. The ligand, HL and the complexes were characterized with FTIR, Uv-Vis, NMR and Mass Spectroscopies, Melting point, solubility, metal conductance, percentage metal and elemental analyses and magnetic susceptibility. The solubility test revealed that the compounds were generally soluble in DMSO hence the molar conductance of the complexes in DMSO showed that the complexes are electrolytic in nature. The mass spectroscopy, percentage metal and elemental analyses conformed with the formulated masses, while the compounds were stable at room temperature. The FTIR spectra of the ligand proved it to be bidentate and the ligand, HL coordinated to the Ni(II) ions through while the electronic spectra peaks showed that Ni(II) complex isomer I and Ni(II) complex isomer II assumed tetrahedral and square planar geometries respectively. The NMR spectra of Ni(II) complex isomer I gave broad bands due to paramagnetism while Ni(II) complex isomer II revealed the relevant peaks. The antibacterial activities of the compounds showed the complexes are more active against the ligand, with Ni(II) complex isomer 1 showing greater activity against k.pneumoniea.

In this study, physicochemical properties of Gilgel Gibe-I hydroelectric Dam water were investigated. Water samples were collected three times per day, from six sampling sites of the Dam. Physicochemical parameters including pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), Temperature and Turbidity were determined in situ, whereas, other parameters such as alkalinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), total suspended solid (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate, nitrate, chloride, fluoride and heavy metals like Fe, Cu, Zn, Co and Cd were analyzed by FAAS in the laboratory. The finding of the study revealed that some physicochemical properties such as pH, EC, turbidity and nitrate of the studied water samples were exceeding WHO permissible limit for surface water and only Fe were investigated in the sample and within permissible limit domestic purposes. But, the remaining studied parameters are below the permissible range prescribed in WHO guideline for the surface water.

This research work is an investigation into how agbono cotyledon extracted from the seed of a specie of the agbono plant (irvingia excelsa) can be processed for long-shelf life. The agbono chaff extracted from agbono cotyledon through solvent extraction using petroleum spirit(60-80)oC was preserved in desiccators and also in black polyethene bags. The findings showed that agbono cotyledon can be processed and preserved to retain the cherished characteristics (sliminess, taste, aroma, etc ) without moulding or fungal growth. The processed agbono was welcomed by the general public. It is recommended that agbono cotyledons be processed by defatting and preserved for food preparations.

Human health risk assessment on intake of fish contaminated with organochlorine contaminants has been investigated in seven fish species from Lake Bosomtwi and Weija Lake in Ghana. The species studied were Tilapia busumana, Hemiscrimis faciatus, Sarotherodon galileu from Lake Bosomtwi and Tilapia zilli, Tilapia nile, Tilapia galilaea and Clarius gariepinus from Weija Lake. Risk assessment was carried out by estimating daily exposure as well as carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic implications on consumption of the studied fishes. Estimated daily exposures to OCs on dietary intake of fish were in the range of 0.002 µg/kg to 0.176 µg/kg and 0.001 µg/kg to 0.0892 µg/kg for children and adults respectively. Consumption of Clarias gariepinus indicated the highest health risk to organochlorine exposure. Children were exposed to more OCs than adults on consumption of the same quantity of contaminated fish. Estimated daily exposures however, fell below USEPA reference doses. Cancer hazard analysis showed that more than one in a million of the consuming population could get cancer on eating Clarias gariepinus due to hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) contamination. However, consumption of the investigated fish from Lake Bosomtwi presents no risk of cancer. Organochlorines were extracted from samples by sonicating on an ultrasonic bath with hexane/acetone solvent system and organochlorine contaminants were determined using capillary gas chromatograph equipped with electron capture detector.

Hydrogen peroxide induce the oxidative stress on the cells. The free oxygen radicle denature the protein by oxidizing the thiole group of protein having cysteine or methionine amino acid that donate proton to free oxygen species thus creating un even di sulphide bonds in protein. Besides H2O2 reduces protein synthesis in various ways with increasing concentration of infusion as well as time. Glutathione which is a natural anti oxidant in cell tries to reduce the oxidative stress in the cell. Glutathione is a tri peptide of glutamate, cysteine and glycine produced by cells. Glutathione prevent oxidation which protect cell and its components from free radicles, reactive oxygen species and peroxides. The ratio of oxidised and reduced glutathione within a cell is indicator of state of oxidative stress on the cell. Thiole group of glutathione donates proton to reduce the oxidative stress on the cell. In an in vitro experiment, liver cell of goat were cultured in M199 media and production of glutathione per milligram of protein with respect to different concentration of hydrogen peroxide as well as different time, glutathione production and protein synthesis was measured by standard method. The production of glutathione per milligram of protein increases with increase in concentration of H2O2 and time.