Applied Chemistry

This study was aimed at determining the uptake of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Fe and Zn) by plant (Talinum triangulare) if cultivated at some waste dumpsites in Uyo metropolis. Soil samples were taken within 0-15cm and plant samples were collected in triplicate and analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Mean results obtained from the soil and plant samples indicated Fe to have the highest concentration (216.29±29.15mg/kg and 243.339±12.622mg/kg respectively) which is significantly higher than its control (124.00mg/kg and 78.375mg/kg respectively). Concentration of Pb in both dumpsite soil and plant samples were below detectable limit. These results when compared with the acceptable standard revealed that all the metal levels in both soil and plant samples were within the acceptable limits accept Cd in soil sample. Transfer factor for Fe was 1.13, while others were below 1. All the metals showed positive relationship except Cd (-0.60).

The ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity have been measured for the binary liquid mixture of Cord liver oil + aniline as a function of different composition (0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8% and 1%) and different temperatures such as 303,308,313,318and 323K. The experimental data has been used to calculate some excess parameters namely, adiabatic compressibility (?), intermolecular free length (Lf), free volume (Vf), internal pressure (?i), relaxation time (?), absorption coefficient (?/f¬¬2) and relative association (RA). The results are discussed and interpreted about structural and specific interactions that predominated by hydrogen bonding.

The title compound has been prepared in high yield from 9-benzyl-purine derivative by reaction with diethoxymethyl acetate (DEMA). The structure of the tricyclic compound, 7-(2-chlorobenzyl-3H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,1-i]purine 2, was confirmed by X-ray analysis. Semiempirical calculations for predicting geometrical parameters are in excellent agreement with the X-ray crystal structure.

Imidazoles and formimidoyl-1H-imidazoles derivatives were prepared by reaction between formamidines and weak or strong base depending on reaction conditions in good yields. All these derivatives have been fully characterized by spectroscopic data.

The present investigation was undertaken to study of Cauvery river water at ten different locations in Namakkal district, Tamilnadu, India. The water samples were collected from different places and analyzed for various water quality parameters like Appearance, Adour, Turbidity, pH, EC, TDS, Total alkalinity, Total hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Iron, Manganese, Ammonia, Nitrite, Chloride, Fluoride, Sulphate, Phosphate, Tidy’s, Dissolved oxygen, Biological oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand. The water quality parameters are analyzed after biomass treatment using vetiveria Zizanoides. Water quality parameters were compared WHO, USPH, BIS

This research was built to investigate the main role of phosphorylated sol-gel (PSG) to reduce the ignition problems of polyester fabric. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the un-treated and treated samples were investigated. PSG material was played as protective shielding coat and improved the thermal behavior. FTIR analysis of the treated sample showed that there is a sort of interaction between the molecules of PSG and the fabric. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) for the lowest oxygen concentration needed to start the ignition showed also an improvement in the ignition retarding behavior due to this treatment. To increase the affinity of fibers towards PSG, the fabric surface was exposed to UV/Ozone for different periods. Exposuring samples for 90 min showed the best results comparing to other samples (irradiated for UV/Ozone for 0, 30 and 125 min). Ignition behavior (UL/94) was also applied on samples by using the flame chamber for determining the rate of burning. The results of UL/94 (according to ISO 3795) confirmed the ignition behavior results produced from the LOI

The dispersion of bioactive glass, (BG), sample was studied using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). An array of experimental techniques like adsorption, zeta potential and turbidity were used to achieve this goal. Turbidity was used as a parameter to reflect the degree of dispersion where a higher value of turbidity represents higher dispersion efficiency. Dispersion of the BG particles was largely affected by CTAB concentration and the solution pH. Dispersion of the BG particles was increased with increasing of CTAB concentration till the CMC of CTAB is reached. Beyond the CMC , the BG particles become hydrophilic causing a decrease in glass dispersion. On the other hand, dispersion of the BG particles was affected with the solution pH. It was increased with increasing pH till pH 9. At higher pH, dispersion was decreased where the formation of micelles is favored.

A new series of Cr(III) , Co(II), Fe(III) and Cu(II) complexes with the chalcone ligand were studied on the growth of Rhabdomyo sarcomas (RD) cell Line in human by using in vitro system and compared with anticancer drug cisplatin (cis-pt) as appositive control. The cancer cells were treated with different concentration and cis-pt after 72 hr. exposure time. The cytotoxic activity was tested by inhibition rate as parameter. The results showed significant differences (p<0.05) for each three treatments when the inhibition rates were increased. The synthesized compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity by cup plate diffusion method. The results indicate the enhanced activity of metal complexes over the parent ligands.

The oxidation of pyrazinamide in acidic media is carried out using potassium permanganate as a oxiding agent. The reaction was monitored using UV-Visible spectrophotometer at 525 nm. It was found to be first order with respect to oxidant,, fractional order with respect to hydrogen ion concentration and first order with respect to substrate. The thermodynamic parameters (were determinied . The average (?G^#) was found to be 87.91 KJ/mol. The values ?S^# was found to be -0.1888 KJ/mole and energy of activation was found to be 31.36 KJ/mole.  A suitable mechanism is proposed based on the experimental conditions.

In enzymology, the palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase is the enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of acyl-CoA esters to free fatty acid and coenzyme A. This enzyme regulates the intracellular concentrations of acyl-CoAs, free fatty acids and CoASH. This enzyme show broad specificity towards its substrates, i.e. fatty acyl-CoAs with different chain length. Using different previously described inhibitors of palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase including Niacin, FMN, Ibuprofen, Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (DCFA) and Clofibrate in molecular dynamic experiments we simulated enzyme complexes with its inhibitors separately. The simulation media were aqueous solution, 37?C and 1 atmosphere of pressure. In order to construct reasonable complexes between enzyme and its inhibitors we made molecular docking using HEX and Argus Lab software. Our results indicate that the hypothesized mechanism responsible for enzyme inhibition is the structural changes in enzyme protein induced by inhibitors that leads to increased content of irregular random structures in enzyme secondary structure. The structural alteration in enzyme is not necessarily manifested as protein denaturation but instead it appears as increase in protein compactness that brings the protein to go far from its native relaxed structure with enough flexibility and minimum tension. Our results also show that the more effective inhibitor induce the more compactness in protein structure in concomitant with increase in random structures.