Organizational Behaviour

The main aim of this study is analysis Employees’ involvement and quality improvement in Iranian small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This research is conducted based on descriptive and surveying method; to collect data, was chosen through questionnaire. For research’s purposes, a distinction was made between small firms (fewer than 50 employees) and medium-sized ones (between 50 and 250 employees), questionnaires was mailed to 600 Iranian SME randomly selected. The questionnaire was pre-tested and validated with the help of a panel of two academics/researchers on quality management issues and two quality managers in SME. Out of the sample, a total of 95 questionnaires were completed and returned. Data gathered through questionnaires were submitted to a set of statistical analyses tools, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), and punctually, some of Microsoft Excel’s statistics and data bases tools. In accordance with research purposes, univariate analyses were performed on issues strictly descriptive, while bivariate analysis tools were used on issues based on means comparison (Student’s T test and Chi-square test). Findings: showed that in considered society, most SME developed training programs specifically focused on quality improvement, suggesting that, beyond fostering quality improvement awareness, SME supply their employees with tools necessary to develop their skills and(or acquire new insights needed to improve their performance. These evidences may indicate that top management is aware about the importance of training and development focused on quality improvement, for effective employees’ participation in quality continuous improvement initiatives.

The study was carried out to establish The role of business ethics in the performance of small scale business, A case of small scale traders in Kisii town, This is because there have been shortcomings as far as service delivery to customers is concerned, The traders mishandle the customers, hike prices at any time, sell fake products to customers in guise that they are original and genuine, package and repackage some products and hood some essential products in anticipation of higher prices which has been a major problem. On the case of employees working in the small businesses there is lateness when reporting to work, leaves work earlier than the schedule time, The aim of this study is to find out the role of ethical issues in the operations of small scale Businesses in Kenya and their effects on customer and service delivery. The findings of the study will provide a more flexible and improved systems of management styles to meet the needs of the customers, promote customer loyalty to some products and specific traders, to create customer friendly environment to conduct business and provide high order services to customers. A cross-sectional survey was used, with the sampling frame comprising 200 small scale and 100 customers. Sets of both pre-tested structured and unstructured questionnaires were used to interview a random sample (300) derived using the formula of Israel (1992) of known target population, N. The data was analyzed with the aid of the SPSS (Version 11.5) computer software and presented in form of descriptive tabular summaries. Generally, ethics contribute positively to the business performance and general employee performance and increased customer loyalty to certain products and traders. Ethics should, therefore, be maintained and strengthened. The findings of this study would be useful as reference material for future research.

The occurence of building collpased has become a national embarrasment with its human and societal casualties. The issue of load bearing capacity in terms of the number of occupants observed in the building in comparism with the standard expected occupancy ratio has not being well identified. The study therefore uses purposeful method to select six buildings from the collapsed buildings in different of areas of Ikeja lagos. Questions were administered Orally to the immediate residents of the collapsed buildings. With a chi square of 65.34% in the conducted analysis it reveals that therew is a strong statistical relationship between the observed load bearing capacity in terms of occupacncy rate and the standard expected. This tend to suggest that the the occurence of buildings collpased in lagos may be due to an abnormal occupancy ratio or a higher load bearing capacity. The study thus recommends a strict adherence to the use of building codes and zoning to enforce building design and type for residential areas and the adpotion of fees payment in lieu of default for those building with a higher ratio than normal.

This study focuses on, how much an appraisal system is effective in an organization and what would be its impact on employees’ performance. This paper focuses on different aspects of an appraisal system. Today organizati1ons are using different methods or combination of those methods. Rewards and incentives are also given on the basis of employees’ performance. Now the study examines what the effect of appraisal system on employees’ performance is. Whether it increases their performance, decreases their motivation or it has neutral effect. This paper concludes that in some organizations most of the employees feel that appraisal system in their organizations/universities is satisfactory. Many employees also want to have a right to appeal against the appraisal system. Most of the employees agreed that this system is not just wastage of time and money. Employees in particular universities want to be appraised by committee rather than boss. Many employees also agreed that if the appraisal system in their organization seems to be excellent one, they will feel motivated. They also agreed that their organizations are applying non discriminatory practices regarding males and females. This paper concludes that employees in particular universities are satisfied with the appraisal system and its practices and no gender discrimination is being adopted. To make appraisal system more effective, Using only one type of appraisal system, objective criteria, ethical aspects, fairness, following the one’s own cultural practices, privacy in appraisal process and level of trust between the employee and supervisor and behavior oriented criteria are further suggested.

Employer branding is a long term strategy to manage perception and awareness of employees, potential employees and related stakeholders in regards of a particular organization. Employee brand is an organizational image which is in the mind of the current employees as a ‘great place to work’. Now the Employer Brand is a brand management in HR perspective to attain, attract, engage and retain employees of the firm. Employer brand is a strategy which helps to retain the employees and try to minimize the employee attrition in the organization.

The objective of this study is to investigate whether employees’ morale will be a factor affecting implementation of performance contracts, to investigate whether accountability will be factor affecting implementation of performance contracts, to find out whether bureaucracy will be a factor affecting implementation of performance contracts, to investigate whether setting objective mechanism will be a factor affecting productivity by use of performance contract and to make recommendations on policy evaluating and implementation of performance contract on public service staff on areas that need improvement to enable and enhance implementation of performance contract that will beneficial to both the government and employees of parastatals as implementation is concerned.

The purpose of this study was to establish the extent to which CBOs in Kisumu County apply Ansoff's Product Market Growth Strategy. In this context the study examined the four Ansoff's growth Strategies namely: Market Penetration, Market Development, Product Development and Diversification Strategies. The study was descriptive in nature. The population of interest consisted of Community Based Organizations in Kisumu County which numbered 223 CBOs. Given the large number of CBOs, a sample size was targeted and random sampling conducted. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire administered to the respondents through drop and pick later method. Out of a targeted sample of 69 CBOs, 59 of them responded giving 85% response rate while data was analyzed using mean scores, standard deviation and t-tests. Findings showed that CBOs apply all the four growth strategies with market penetration being the most widely applied. The respondents stated relevance in services/products offering as the most influencing factor to their strategic choice while attracting donor funding remained the least. On views on how to improve on the capacities and growth of local CBOs, majority respondents expressed improved funding, improved community mobilization and improved method of service/products delivery as most applicable. Study findings present market penetration strategy as the most preferred through free added services. This is an indication of what heads of CBOs should pursue in order to achieve their organizational growth. Pursuit of Relevance in service offerings and competition are leading factors influencing choice of strategy. While the study served to fill a knowledge gap, it has well opened more areas like exploring levels of competition within CBOs by scholars. The fact that there is growth in CBOs should inform the Government and other nongovernmental organizations that CBOs have a role to play in achieving millennium goals. Thus, handling of CBOs operational limitations like lack secure and permanent facilities are crucial dimensions for their growth.

The study examines the challenges behind the succession and sustainability of family businesses. Mentoring was identified as the means to tackle this menace. The study was conducted in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Eight family businesses were selected through purposive sampling method. The inclusion criteria were operational family businesses in their second or more generation. Data were collected using fifteen semi structured, in depth, face to face interviews with participants. Sampling continue until saturation of the data was reached. Content analysis approach was applied to analyse the data. Family business successors acknowledged mentoring shaped their emergence as the successor of their family businesses. 

The retail sector has played a phenomenal role throughout the world in increasing productivity of consumer goods and services. The India Retail Industry is the largest among all the industries. Modern retail industry plays an important and vital role in the economies of all modern societies. All the big business houses are entering in this sector and it is growing at a very past pace. The present study leads to explore the changing face of Indian Retail Industry in India. This paper also focuses on the shift of consumers from unorganized retail to organized retail. The retailing industry, which, until the early 1990s, was dominated by the unorganized sector, witnessed a rapid growth in the organized sector with the entry of corporate groups such as Tata, RPG, ITC and Bennett Coleman & Company into the retailing market. Retailing in India is progressively inching its way to becoming the next roar industry. The whole concept of shopping has tainted in terms of layout and consumer buying behavior, ushering in a uprising in shopping. Modern retail has entered India as seen in rambling shopping centers, multi-storied malls and huge complexes offer shopping, entertainment and food all under one roof. The changes in the organized retail industry are visible in the form of new retailing formats, modern techniques, exclusive retail outlets, emergence of retail chains etc. Shopping in India has witnessed a revolution with the change in consumer buying behavior and the format of shopping. The retail industry in India has modernized , and this can be seen from the fact that there are multi stored malls , huge shopping centre’s and sprawling complexes , which offer food , shopping & entertainment all under the same roof. Now the purchasing power of Indian urban consumer is growing. Increased availability of retail space, rapid urbanization, and qualified manpower also boosted the growth of the organized retailing sector . Apart from this, social changes such as increase in the number of nuclear families and the growing number of working couples resulting in increased spending power also contributed to the increase in the Indian consumers’ personal consumption.

The issue of labour turnover is central to many current related debates in economics, public policies and more so in human resources management. Monitoring of flow of employees in and out of the organization is crucial for the survival of many organizations. The critical in the operation of many businesses is labour which constitute human resources. This is because the cost of labour makes up the largest proportion of the operational cost of business and organization. The main objective was to determine the demographic factors that influence labour turnover among Micro Finance Institutions in Kenya. The study employed descriptive survey design method. The study was conducted in selected Microfinance Institutions within the Nairobi city centre. The target population was the supervisors and subordinates of the MFIs. The study targeted 24 MFIs, supervisors and subordinates. Stratified random sampling was used to identify a sample of Six MFIs. Two supervisors and three subordinates were sampled. The main instrument for data collection was questionnaire which had both structured and unstructured questions. Secondary data was collected through annual reports. Pilot study was done and test retest method was used to determine the reliability of the instruments. Data analysis was done using SPSS and data presented inform of frequencies, percentages, tables and graphical presentations.