Social Studies

Dalit Christian is not recognised as a valid social category in India. Hence, they are not covered under any compensatory measures such as reservations and special legal safeguards which are otherwise extended to Dalits who belong to Hindu, Sikh and Buddhist communities, though caste-based prejudices are strong in Christianity and Dalit Christians too face similar forms of discrimination and exclusion as other Dalits. Though there is enough evidence in social science literature on the identity issues and discrimination faced by Dalit Christians, there remains several other questions to be addressed alongside while examining the claim for group-specific policy interventions for Dalit Christians. The most important one possibly is the caste-religion interface of non-Hindu Dalits. This is significant in the context that religion is the primary criterion to officially define Scheduled Castes in India as per the Constitutional Order of 1950. As per the formal definition “no person who confesses a religion different from the Hindu, Sikh and Buddhist religious conviction shall be considered to be a member of Scheduled Castes.” This paper attempts to address some of the questions using the available literature and official data. The study is largely based on the historical and current social science literature on caste among the Christians in India.

The ‘Jallikattu’ Movement (2017) in TamilNadu, India has been a social movement as it could be broadly classified as a movement that primarily took the form of non-institutionalised collective political action striving for political or social change. To study the 'jallikattu' movement, one requires the pre-exposure to the operation dynamic of contemporary social movements with reference to their grievance structures, organisational status, resource mobilisation position, and mobilising structures. ‘Jallikattu’ and the movement associated with it have been widely and regularly covered by the mass media, but the critical and creative analyses have been quite lacking. This has been articulated and addressed in the following lines of media involved and its move parallelly, key aspects of the media effect on the protestors with the protest dynamic and media paradigm and is there cause of delegitimization of the m movement. The present study deals with the social political movement and the protest event analysis PEA is adopted for methodological approach. PEA is an unobtrusive technique that could handle even the unstructured matter as data. It is context sensitive and can cope with large volumes of data. The protest Event analysis has been adopted as the best empirical and theoretical approach for testing and expanding the theory of focusing on mechanisms and processes. The protest event analysis PEA is an innovation from the political process theory allowing mapping of the occurrences and characteristics of protests across geographical areas, across issues/ movements, and over time.

The present work had as overall objective to make the comparative study on the number of nodulation of three legumes (peanut, soybean and cowpea) and the correlation with the level of fertilization of the Lwama I site, city of Kindu. To do this, an experimental device in randomized complete blocks, comprising three treatments and six repetitions, was set up; The results obtained showed that: - For the number of nodulation, groundnut had higher number with the average of 38 while the lowest number was observed in soybean with the average of 0 and the intermediate number was observed in cowpea with the average of 10; - For the number of active nodules, groundnut had a higher number with the average of 26 while the lowest number was observed in soybean with the average of 0 and the intermediate number was observed in cowpea with the average of 8; - With regard to the level of soil fertility in nitrogen, the work done in the laboratory proves that the soil sown with soy had given a very high quantity of nitrogen with the average of 3 mg N/l, while the lowest quantity was obtained in the soil not sown by a legume with a quantity of less than zero mg N/l and the intermediate quantities were obtained in the soil sown by groundnut with the average of 1.6 mg N/l and in the soil sown by cowpea with the average of 1.8mg N/l (Solia 2016).

This paper demonstrates various attempts by the wives of Nandi migrant labourers to devise household surviving strategies to cope with the prolonged absence of their spouses in the colonial period (1908-1963). The study utilised the concept of Agency and a qualitative design, purposive sampling, 40 wives and 15 relatives of the migrant labourers. The socio-cultural and economic strategies that they devised included utilising their husbands’ remittances, seeking additional employment, domestic trading, traditional beer brewing, cooperative cultivation, hired labour, gathering firewood, prostitution, concubinage, and elopement. They succeeded to a large extent and managed to expand plots, bought cattle among other benefits.

At the Makelekele base hospital in Brazzaville, the most neglected aspect of activities is hospital information management. Our study aimed to assess the quality of information by interviewing patients hospitalised or consulting at the Makélékélé base hospital between July 2020 and February 2021. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a qualitative approach based on the quality criteria of the Delone and MacLean models. Our study population consisted of a group of patients, users of hospital information. The patients gave their consent to participate in the survey. Confidentiality and anonymity of the data were ensured. A total of 300 patients responded to the questionnaires, most of them with a satisfaction rate of over 60%. The satisfaction rate of the patients appeared to be satisfactory with regard to the comfort and cleanliness of the room (63.27%), the noise in the ward (60.20%) and the organisation of discharges. The responses (90-100%) regarding possible improvement of the quality of the data were maximum. The statistical results were significant. Our survey revealed a relatively positive patient satisfaction rate regarding the quality of care, the comfort and cleanliness of the room and the noise in the ward. Patients were satisfied with the organisation of hospital discharges. Most respondents were unanimous about the evolution of data quality. The measurement instrument used for this exploratory research concluded that the target population had a high level of satisfaction. Users were clearly satisfied with the current information system. This investigation revealed that there were significant gaps in data quality that should be prioritised in the management of the Hospital Information System. Our study has allowed us to understand the constraints that hinder information management in the hospital. There were specific elements of health information that need to be diligently applied (information quality) or improved and enhanced (information use).

Hydrocarbon assessment in deepwater settings is very challenging and expensive. Reservoir modelling through geostatistical analysis can be used for better prediction of deepwater facies as well as reducing uncertainties associated with field development. Geostatistical analysis of seismic and well log data was employed to predict reservoir heterogeneity and quality in deepwater turbidite systems of “AFUN” field. Biostratigraphic data and gamma ray log signature were interpreted for chronostratigraphic correlation across the wells. The static properties of the reservoir such as Porosity (?), Volume of shale (Vsh), Water Saturation (Sw), Net-to-Gross (NTG) and fluid type were generated. The subsurface structures and stratigraphy were interpreted with the extraction of seismic attributes from the generated time structure maps. The reservoir modelling involved the population of the reservoir architecture (structure and stratigraphy) with rock properties using stochastic algorithms. Four main petrophysical parameters with lithofacies were modelled in order to determine how these properties are spatially distributed within the subsurface. From the models, it can be deduced that synthetic and antithetic faults constitute the structural framework of the reservoirs in the study area. The faulting system therefore contributing to reservoir complexity. Also, the lithofacies model built for the reservoirs revealed three facies with the sandy turbidite ranging from 15- 45 %, shaly turbidite ranges from 9-24 % while shale ranges from 35-74 %. The model also showed that there are vertical and lateral changes in reservoir properties created by reservoir heterogeneity. The reservoir heterogeneity and quality in deep water turbidite systems could thus be accurately predicted using geostatistical analysis.

India is a famous country all over the world for its culture and tradition. It is the land of various culture and tradition. It is the country of oldest civilizations in the world. The vital components of the Indian culture are good manners, etiquette, civilized communication, rituals, beliefs, values, etc. Even after the life styles of everyone has been modernized, Indian people have not changed their traditions and values. The property of togetherness among people of various cultures and traditions has made India, a unique country. People here live peacefully in India by following their own culture and traditions. Indian cultural history has been derived by the absorbing customs, traditions, and rituals from both invaders and immigrants. Many Indian customs, cultural practices and languages are examples of this co-mingling over centuries. It was the birthplace of many religious systems like Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism which influenced not only this country but also the neighboring countries. With the following invasion of the Islamic rulers the culture of India was heavily influenced by Persian, Arabic, Turkish cultures. The 5000 years old Indian culture is both ancient and varied. But unity in diversity which is the main mantra of Indian civilization can be seen if any one monitors its various art forms and traditional diversity. With this context, the researcher has studied this topic to anlayse the Indian Traditional and Modern Culture.

This paper takes an apriori look at media convergence through the eyes and recommends that apostoriorily these convergences must continue to avert the death of some media even in our modern challenges of not only mass communication as a whole but broadcasting in particular with a focus on Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN).

Suspension Polymerization was used for the synthesizing of cross-linked polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) containing 16% DVB. For application of these resins as columns’ filler in ion-exchange chromatography; the sulfonation reactions were done by acetyl sulfate and in the presence of methylene chloride as solvent at 60°C. The exchange capacities of cation exchange resins X-16 (CE=225 meq/100g) was determined by titration procedure. The structure of PS-DVB resin was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique. The SEM images showed that the porous structure of PS-DVB resin was approximately maintained intact after sulfonation reaction. TGA and FTIR techniques were used to investigate the thermo gravimetric analysis and structures of obtained resins, respectively.

Reading is a valuable source of input and plays a major role in the process of language learning. It helps learners gain information, broadens their understanding of different subjects, and thus assists them in achieving their academic goals (Renandya & Jacobs, 2002). One of the main methods to enhance easy, joyful and active reading is through the utilization of reading strategies. The present article is a synthesis and review of the most recent studies in the field of reading strategies in Iran.