Archives-September 2014

In this paper, we study a lower bound on the blockwise periodic error correcting perfect codes along with lower and upper bounds on periodic solid burst error correcting codes.

In recent years, preparation of polymer materials either soluble or insoluble in water with various functional groups has been developed, which can absorb metal ions in aqueous and non-aqueous media. In general, functionalized polymers for metal ion complexation can be prepared either by derivation of a basic polymer (precursor) with the desired ligand or by polymerization of the corresponding ligand derivatives. Among functionalized polymers, those containing EDTA have attracted much attention. EDTA with amino carboxylic acid groups can be introduced into or graft onto the backbone of polymer chains. Polymers bearing such groups can form stable complexes with various heavy metal ions. Therefore, we attempted to prepare new complexing polymer materials, which can be used in wastewater treatment. The synthesised random copolyesters were characterized by viscosity measurements, solubility studies, and spectral analysis. Thermal studies were also made on these copolyesters.

The ciliates are one of the most important groups of Protozoa, common everywhere in waters of lake, pond, oceans and soils with many ecto and endosymbiotic members, as well as some obligate opportunistic parasites. Free living ciliates are found in fresh, marine, estuarine waters and in the soil. The present species described as Stylonychia pustulata Ehrenberg (1830), (O. F. Muller, 1786) Ehrenberg, 1835 (O. F. Muller, 1786) Ehrenberg, 1838, S. pustulata (Deshmukh, 2010) has found in fresh water ponds, ditches and streams, especially more abundantly in rain water bodies of Nashik district.

A single speaker will use different linguistic forms on different occasions, and different speakers of a language will express the same meanings using different forms. Speakers of a language make choices in pronunciation, morphology, vocabulary, and grammar depending on a number of non-linguistic factors: the speaker’s purpose in communication, and some other non-linguistic features that cannot be used intentionally: age, and sex. If one person utters the sentence ‘John is a farmer’ and another says the same thing except pronounces the word farmer as ‘fahmuh,’ then the difference is one of accent. But if one person says something like ‘You should not do that’ and another says ‘Ya hadn’t oughta do that,’ then this is a dialect difference because the variation is greater. A dialect is variation in grammar and vocabulary in addition to sound variations. There are occupational dialects (the word bugs means something quite different to a computer programmer and an exterminator), sexual dialects (women are far more likely than men to call a new house adorable), and educational dialects (the more education people have, the less likely they are to use double negatives). There are dialects of age (teenagers have their own slang, and even the phonology of older speakers is likely to differ from that of young speakers in the same geographical region) and dialects of social context (we do not talk the same way to our intimate friends as we do to new acquaintances, to the paperboy, or to our employer). There is a relationship between linguistic and non-linguistic variations. Understanding this relationship can help language learners to express themselves more appropriately. Such an understanding is an asset without which they run the risk of exposing themselves to being laughed at. This paper focuses on enabling learners of the English language to participate successfully in social and linguistic interaction through developing their communicative competence or through discovering how various aspects of the non-linguistic context influence the nature of linguistic communication.

The study investigated the impact of landfill leachate on groundwater quality for communities surrounding the landfill site at Abloradjei in the Greater Accra of Ghana. Four (4) boreholes at various distances, R1-50m, R2-100m, R3-250m and R4-400m, away from the position of the Abloradjei landfill site were monitored for three months. The results from the physicochemical water quality monitoring parameters of the boreholes from the various distances: R1-(17NTU), R2-(8NTU), R3-(42NTU) and R4-(12NTU) and pH at R1-6.44, R2-6.10, R3-6.33 and R4-6.78 fell outside the specified WHO (2004) Standard Guideline limit of drinking water. The results of bacteriological analysis of the water samples: R1-(3276 Cfu/100ml), R2-(884Cfu/100ml) and R3-(676Cfu/100ml), R4-(1404Cfu/100ml) also showed an inference of growth indicating some sort of possible contamination and hence the water was not safe for drinking.

We report the case of a 35 year old man who was assaulted by knife landing on the posterior aspect of the left shoulder causing a transfixing wound and imprisonment of a large metallic blade under the scapular region has gone unnoticed and migrated in the shoulder while sparing the axillary vessels and the left brachial plexus. careful dissection after exploration of the axillary nerve vessel bundle allowed the extraction of the knife, which measured 10 cm in length

Arthroscopy is a surgical procedure. Complications are rare, but they exist and require specific treatment. Knowledge, prevention and management of complications are part of the mastery of a surgical technique.

The use of the gracilis and semitendinosus tendons (STG) is emerging as a method of choice for reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ,to restore knee stability and the results are shown. This retrospective comparative study involves two groups operated in Clinque Judge Marseille in France between January 2011 to December 20, 2012 by four senior surgeons for instability with an ACL injury: Group 1 with 30 patients undergoing extra-articular and Intra-articular ligament with STG. Group 2 with 30 patients undergoing intra-articular ACL reconstruction with STG. The mean IKDC subjective score of the last follow-up was 75.9 (± 9.1) in Group 1 and 67 (± 6.6) in the group 2. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of a series of isolated ACL reconstruction with STG to those of a series of ACL reconstruction with an external reinforcing.

The importance of water as a vehicle for spreading diseases has long been recognized and many studies have demonstrated the relationship between illness and deficiencies in water supply and sanitation. This study was conducted between October 2008 and July 2009, to determine microbiological water contaminants and related human health problems in community water sources in Lower Nyakach division, Kisumu County. Water samples were collected in selected water points, analyzed using membrane filter technique and their level of microbiological contamination determined using Escherichia coli type I as bio-indicator. Household level surveys and key informant interviews were conducted and secondary data obtained from Pap-Onditi district hospital on cases of environmental and human health risks associated with water contamination. Data from field samples and survey were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Multiple comparisons between sites were made by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the student t-test. Statistical significance was assessed at p ? 0.05. The mean counts for faecal coliforms were lower than that of total coliforms in all samples in both dry and rainy seasons although the mean counts total coliforms were higher during the rainy season than the dry season. Water samples from water impoundments showed significant differencesin total coliforms compared to recommended WHO levels and no significant differences for faecal coliforms (a = 0.05). Water samples from shallow wells showed significance difference for faecal coliforms between three sampling sites (Pap-Onditi, Urudi and Bonde). From the survey and hospital findings typhoid fever and amoebic dysentery were the most common water-borne diseases in the study area. Faecal contaminated water possesses high human health risks which are responsible for the reported increased water-borne diseases. The study concludes that total and faecal coliforms are important parameters in monitoring faecal contamination and water quality in the area. Most of the community water sources are seasonal and largely contaminated. Consequently, frequent monitoring of water quality and levels of contaminants using total and faecal coliforms is recommended at common water points to curb potential health related risks.

This study aims to explore the role of marketing practices in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and to evaluate the impact of changes in marketing practices from traditional to entrepreneurial marketing practices will have an impact on the SME performance. A quantitative, exploratory approach using structured questionnaire amongst 50 owners of SMEs in the Klang Valley region of Malaysia was used. Marketing in SMEs is centered on traditional methods such as using print media and hard selling. SME owners should take account of the findings and work towards introducing SME-specific marketing practices in trying to achieve higher sales volume and growth. This study uses a small number of SME companies in one region and therefore the generalizability of the findings may be limited. Further research could extend the number of SME companies and to other regions of Malaysia. The findings have a bearing on the Malaysian SME performance. This study offers insights into how the marketing practices in Malaysian SMEs needs to be adapted in light of the findings to ensure marketing practices of SMEs are compatible with current digital approaches.