Pre and Post-monsoon Variation in Physico-chemical characteristics in Groundwater quality of Tiruchengode Taluk, Namakkal district, Tamilnadu, India
The present investigation reports the results of monitoring study focusing on groundwater quality of Tiruchengode taluk, Namakkal district during Pre and Post monsoon period of 2012. This has been determined by collecting groundwater from 23 different sampling stations and subjecting the samples to a comprehensive physico chemical analysis. For calculating the WQI, the following 10 parameters have been considered i.e. Temperature, pH, Alkalinity, Dissolved oxygen, TDS, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, Fluoride. The WQI during Pre-monsoon season varied from 135.01 to 382.75, while for Post-monsoon, it was found between 76 and 257. Significantly lower WQI for the Post-monsoon season was observed, indicating deterioration of the groundwater overall in corresponding season. The study revealed that groundwater from only 17.39 % locations was fit for domestic use, thus reveals that the groundwater of the study area needs some degree of treatment before consumption, and regular groundwater quality monitoring should be encouraged as a strategy towards groundwater quality protection and conservation.
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Acoustical studies on molecular interaction of drug Gabapentin in water of various concentrations at different temperatures
The measurement of ultrasonic velocity in pure liquids and mixtures is an important tool to study the physico-chemical properties and also explain the nature of molecular interactions. The study of thermodynamic parameters to explain molecular interaction of drugs in aqueous or non-aqueous medium provides useful information in medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry. In present work molecular interaction of aqueous solution of Gabpentin (2-[1-(amino methyl) cyclohexyl] acetic acid) at various concentrations and different temperatures such as 303, 308, 313, 318, 323K was studied by measuring ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity of the solution. The ultrasonic parameters such as adiabatic compressibility, free volume, free length, acoustic impedance, absorption coefficient, viscous relaxation time, available volume, and Lenard Jones Potential were calculated. These parameters explained formation of hydrogen bond and molecular interaction existing in the solution.
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A smarter and efficient way to implement cloud computing
Cloud computing is clearly one of today’s most enticing technology areas due, at least in part, to its cost-efficiency and flexibility. However, despite the surge in activity and interest, there are significant, persistent concerns about cloud computing that are impeding momentum and will eventually compromise the vision of cloud computing as a new IT procurement model. In this paper, we characterize the problems and their impact on adoption. In addition, and equally importantly, we describe how the combination of existing research thrusts has the potential to alleviate many of the concerns impeding adoption. In particular, we argue that with continued research advances in trusted computing and computation-supporting encryption, life in the cloud can be advantageous from a business intelligence standpoint over the isolated alternative that is more common today
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Black Carbon in PM2.5 and PM10 data from Ashaiman, a Semi-Urban Area of Ghana, 2008
Black Carbon (BC) in PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in Ashaiman, a semi-urban area of Ghana, were determined in 2008 using IVL PM2.5 and PM10 particle samplers. The aerosols were sampled on Teflon filters for three months, and the particulate mass PM2.5 and PM10 determined by gravimetrical method. Aerosol filters were analyzed to determine BC concentration levels using the black smoke method. PM2.5 mass concentrations determined averaged 23.26µg/m3 (3.85 - 46.43 µg/m3) and that of PM10 was 96.56µg/m3 (37.10 - 293.06 µg/m3). For fine particulates (PM2.5), the contribution of BC have been found to be about 18% of the total mass, while for particulate matter PM10, it has been found to be about 4% , its averaged 2.83µg/m3 (1.67-4.89µg/m3) for PM2.5 and 3.98µg/m3( 1.99-12.44µg/m3) for PM10. The results were compared with some literature values and World Health Organization guideline values. The mean 24-h BC values for the particulate mass varied daily and shows that the semi-urban background during the period, not only involved combustion activities which are largely responsible for the PM2.5 particulate matter but also involved in other man-made or natural activities that resulted in the high value of PM10.
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EEG classification using fractal features and Adaptive Neuro- Fuzzy Inference System analysis in BCI applications
BCI (Brain Computer Interface) roles as a machine that provides direct communication between brain and computer. These kinds of machines can help people with physical disability, does their daily tasks as well as healthy people. In these machines, the brain signals are recorded from the scalp and will be prepared for analyzing in three steps of preprocessing, feature selection and classification that what kinds of tasks have been imagined. In BCI applications a big challenge is to improve classification accuracy in parallel with the computation time. In this paper, in preprocessing level we filtered the samples of each electrode with band pass digital Butterworth filter with cutoff frequency of 0.5 to 30 HZ. In the next level, the features are extracted from some famous fractal dimension estimation of the signal. These fractal features are Katz and Higuchi. In the classification stage we used ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) classifier and compared it with three strong classifiers as FKNN (Fuzzy k-Nearest Neighbors), LDA (Linear Discriminate Analysis) and SVM (Support Vector Machine). We found ANFIS with Higuchi fractal features has the most classification accuracy (88%) among other investigated methods, but its speed is rather low among them.
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Education and educational methods from Rumi’s point of view in Mathnawi
Learning about the different aspects of human beings as the most complicated creature in the world, has always been an issue for scientists. Unlike other creatures man is the only creature who is able to think about his own existence and has the ability to grow mentally and spiritually; all these are possible through Education. Education is transferring knowledge and skills by an educator; there are too many opinions on the way of this very act of transfer. Rumi (Molavi), the famous Iranian poet of the 7th century presented very glorious points of views on education relying on Islamic and Iranian rich knowledge. This paper is an attempt to know his ideas and educational methods through analyzing sample verses of his poems in his world-known masterpiece, “Mathnawi”. The implications for current educators will be discussed by considering his division of educational aims into general and specialized categories.
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Evaluation of substation location using geographical information system: A case study
This paper deals with the development of technique for planning the location of a substation. In this work, we propose a STatistical INformation Grid based (STING) approach for distribution of load points with suitable allocation of substation. A real- life data, that is, the power map of Bihar is taken for the planning purpose. At present there are six substations located in Bihar. Google Earth is used for finding the location (latitude and longitude) of the demand sites. By implementing STING algorithm and simulating it in MatLab we have determined five substations that can feed the entire Bihar area with minimum distribution losses. The substations determined by STING algorithm are centrally located for a particular area (cluster). The methodology will be a very useful tool for power distribution planners.
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Mycotoxin problems in some common medicinal plants of flood prone areas of Bihar
The climate of Bihar remains warm and humid for most part of the year. Regular visit of flood and drought along with fluch factors as high level of illiteracy, socioeconomic backwardness and use of primitive agronomic practices in field and storage enhance mycotoxin risk in Bihar drastically. 75 samples of 15 common drug plants were collected from different flood prone districts of Bihar. Vital parts, used for medicinal purposes, of these plants were chemically analysed for the natural occurrence of mycotoxins in them. Most samples contained mycotoxin as a natural contaminant. Among the mycotoxins, aflatoxins occurred most frequently. Other mycotoxins reported to be present were ochratoxin, citrinin, zearalenone and fumonisin. These mycotoxins are very harmful to both man and animals. Some of these mycotoxins are carcinogenic, mutagenic and/or teratogenic. This is a matter of great concern as these plants are used for the preparation of traditional medicines. Treatment of one disease will be the unintentelyded cause of another which is still more dangerous. The problem needs our serious attention.
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Behaviour of polyphenol oxidase of pyrus communis in presence of Detergents and Chaotropic Agents
Polyphenol oxidase (EC 1.14.18.1) is ubiquitous plant enzyme that catalyze the O-dependent oxidation of mono- and o-diphenols to o-quinones. These quinones are reactive species that are able to covalently modify and cross-link a wide variety of cellular nucleophiles via a 1,4 addition mechanism, leading to the formation of polymeric brown or black pigments, which are responsible for significant postharvest losses of fruits andvegetables. Browning of damaged tissues in fresh fruits and vegetables results mainly from the oxidation of phenolic compounds to quinones by PPO. The activation of PPO by sodium dodesyl sulphat investigated, but reports on the effect of some detergents and chaotropic agents on activity of PPO are scarce. Here the effect of detergents and chaotropic agent on activity of enzyme in soluble and in partial purified fraction of PPO of Wild pear was investigated. Sarkosyl acts as a activator of PPO for oxidation of catechol and pyrogallol, although has inhibitory effect in concentrations over 1 mM. Other ionic, Nonionic detergents and Chaotropic agents acted as inhibitors of PPO in soluble and in partial purified fraction. Inhibitory effect of Urea, GnHcl, NP-40 and Sodium cholate in presence of catechol is more than these effect in presence of pyrogallol, but this inhibitory for Triton X-100 in presence of pyrogallol is more than catechol. The same effects were obtained on the partially purified enzyme. Results identified and confirmed the differences in structure and conformation of enzyme in soluble and in partial purified fraction for oxidation of different substrates.
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Abundance of benthic macro-invertebrate diversity of littoral zone of Bilawali Talab, Indore M.P. India
The littoral region is an important interface between land and pelagic zone of water body. Bilavali lake, Indore is a shallow topical lake whose shoreline has dense population of Benthic invertebrate communities. The invertebrates are represented by Oligocheates- Dero dorsalis, Stylaria fossularis, Branchilodrillus semperi, Molluscs- Lymnea acuminata, Bellamya bengalenses, Digoniostoma pulchella, Melanoids tuberculatus, Thira scabra, Gyrallus sp. Pisssidium clakeanum and arthropods – Chironomus sp. Chaoboros sp. Etc. It is suggested that rich diversity of Benthic fauna of this lake is due to availability of food material and favorable environmental conditions and shoreline vegetation. Seasonal fluctuation in animal biomass is related to the physico-chemical factors and organic pollution.
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