Archives-September 2011

Development of the country has been the ultimate agenda since the independence of Malaysia, in year 1957 up to now. The development of the country will inevitably involve the development of the current younger generation who will eventually be taking over the leadership of the country. Here, the generation that needs to be focussed upon is the youth, the ones who will be leading the government as well as the country in the future. The youth should not be ignored in the country’s development scheme plan. Therefore, this write up concentrates on the elaboration and suggestions on how to develop patriotic spirit in youth.

We report herein the use of Nickel acetyl acetonate [Ni(acac)₂] as a new catalyst for the one-pot Biginelli reaction coupling of ?-ketoester, aldehydes and urea (or thiourea) to afford the corresponding dihydropyrimidinones/thiones.

This paper presents the sorption studies of reactive orange -16 by using the nut shell of Arachis hypogaea. Batch experiments were conducted to study the effect of sorbent dosage, solution pH and initial dye concentration. Sorbent, net shell of Arachis hypogaea was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were used to represent the equilibrium data. The Langmuir isotherm model was found to be fitted well with the experimental data. The results of sorbent dosage showed that the equilibrium uptake capacity was found to be increase from 7.23mg/g to 25.53mg/g with decrease in amount of Sorbent from 0.5g to 0.1g. The equilibrium uptake capacity was increase from10.283mg/g to 26.950mg/g when increasing the initial dye concentration from 50mg/L to 200mg/L. This indicates that the dye removal was influenced by the initial dye solution concentration. The sorption results were analyzed for pseudo first order, pseudo second order kinetic and intra particle diffusion model. The values of dimensionless separation factors (RL) and Freundlich constant (n) showed that net shell of Arachis hypogaea could be used to remove reactive orange -16 from their aqueous solution.

The aim of present search is Study of economical social factors on women perspectives in Esfahan City relating to the role of advertisement on decreasing family consumption. Research method is survey one and statistical population are including all households in Esfahan. Sampling has been done by random method among women of above centers and their numbers are 284 women as a sample device of gathering info is questionnaire whose validity has been reported by professor study and omission  vague questions ( content validity) for estimating its reliability by Cronbach coefficient and it is 86%. For analyzing data we use descriptive or deductive statistics (Ki- Cho test) and variance analysis. Research results show that there is a relation among the type of skill and women employment their perspectives.

In this paper, a Lotka-Volterra model with time delay is considered. The stability of the equilibrium of the model is investigated and the existence of Hopf bifurcation is proved. Numerical simulations are performed to justify the theoretical results. Finally, main conclusions are included.

The amount of wind turbine connected to the power grid has significantly increased during the last decade. This has resulted in essential need to establish grid codes. Previously, wind turbine generators (WTGs) were allowed to be disconnected from the network during any disturbance at the grid side to avoid WTGs from being damaged. However, lately, the transmission system operators (TSOs) require WTGs to be stayed connected to provide support to the grid during fault. This new requirement has been regulated in the new grid codes. In this paper, the super conducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit is used to enhance the high voltage ride through (HVRT) capability of DFIG based WTG during voltage swell events at the grid side. Two new grid codes are used to verify the ability of the SMES unit to avoid the WTG from being disconnected from the grid.

This research work aimed at evaluating the degree of metal contamination in the weija lake and the extent to which the quality of the sediment has deteriorated. The dam is a source of drinking water and is also utilized for fishing and irrigation. It however receives agricultural runoff and municipal wastewaters. The concentrations of ten metals (Cu, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) in sediments from thirteen sampling points from the Weija dam in Accra, Ghana, were investigated using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). Elevated concentrations (in µg/g) of toxic and potentially toxic elements (Cu, 19.80±3.77; Co, <19.80; Cr, 87.62±19.69; Fe, 141245.5±1765.39; K, 25363.08±3740.08; Mn, 433.61±60.71; Ni, 58.65±8.81; Pb, 20.03±1.19; V, 77.35±24.02; and Zn, 19.07±3.41) were recorded in the sediments of the dam. The enrichment factor ( Apart from K with EF=1.20 showing minor enrichment) and geoaccumulation index values calculated indicated that these metals were generally from natural sources with insignificant contribution from anthropogenic sources.  The geology of the dam, been characterized by granite, shale and phyllite might have contributed to the elevated levels through weathering and leaching. Concentrations of Co were however below detection limit in all the samples. The pollution load index values show that the sediment was unpolluted with respect to Cu, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn.

This study was designed with the objectives to assess the facet-specific job satisfaction levels of the head teachers of elementary school in context of their school size and to determine significant differences between head teachers of smaller and bigger schools for their job satisfaction levels for each of the twenty dimensions of the job as measured by the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. The study was descriptive and survey type in nature. The relevant data were collected from the head teachers using Urdu version ofthe MSQ. The collected data was computed using mean, and t-test statistics. It was concluded thatoverall, the head teachers were found satisfied with their jobs. Compensation, school policies and practices, social status, and working conditions were found least contributors of their job satisfaction. Among these factors compensation and social status were contributing less satisfaction to the head teachers of bigger schools as compare to the smaller schools. Recommendations were made focusing on the factors which were contributing least satisfaction for the head teachers. There is need to improve the compensation package and social status of the head teachers, andworking conditions and policies and practices in these schools.

Greening of industry relates to the greening of the process of producing and the product as most pollution occurs due to process of raw materials. In this article, we propose that green product innovation, green process innovation and combined green innovation will be positively influencing manufacturing firms to achieve corporate competitive advantages in the marketplace. This is in line with a suggestion in the literature whereby firms that implement green technology and show high environmental performance to be prone towards being profitable compared to those that are not. If this is true, then the proposed model is expected to show positive results, indicating that green innovation investment is indeed beneficial to manufacturing firms to as a business strategic tool to compete in the marketplace. Thus, the importance of green innovation practices in corporation should be implemented by firms.

The transesterification reaction is actually replacement of alcohol group from an ester by another alcohol. The reaction was carried out by varying different parameters, like amount of catalyst in reaction, ratio of methyl alcohol to oil, temperature and stirring on the reaction; to find the best conversion of oil to biodiesel. In this paper fuzzy logic is applied to the transesterification reaction studies and the result is compared with the experimental results.