Archives-October 2012

In this paper civil liability which is caused by traffic accident is studied in the view of Iranian law especially in Islamic penal law, civil liability law and compulsory insurance for vehicle owners. In this study it can be seen that Iranian law maker in Islamic penal law obey from fault theory and in compulsory insurance law they use risk theory for vehicle owners.

Distribution of AIDS in recent years and having not any treatment has can send the transition and infection of this disease to become a means of hurting people and committing crime .in case of death due to transition of HIV, the person who transmits HIV can be prosecuted for murder on the other hand, low number 206 of Islamic penal law knows one of committing a crime as when a murderer intentionally commits a murder type without aiming at killing the person .therefore, identifying the purposeful murder in these cases is based on the crime and conditions which a leg is later has considered for the type of murderous action. So, if transition of HIV brings death to the victim, it can be considered as an act of murderous type.

To improve operational efficiency and to facilitate the emergence of globally competitive companies, there is a need of mergers and acquisitions. The increased participation of the Indian companies in the global corporate sector has further facilitated the merger and acquisition activities in India. Even though mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have been an important element of corporate strategy all over the globe for several decades, research on M& As has not been able to provide conclusive evidence on whether they enhance efficiency or destroy wealth. So this paper tries to analyse the effect of mergers and acquisition on the net profits of the company. It also tries to analyse the performance of the selected merged banks in terms of changes in growth of net sales, cost of production, market capitalisation, revenue earnings and revenue expenses in foreign exchange and Earning per share and also to know the most significant variable affecting the net profits in pharmaceutical company with respect to net sales, cost of production, market capitalisation, revenue earnings and revenue expenses in foreign exchange and Earning per share. The data has been colleted through Capitaline software. Further the result shows that different factors are responsible in different companies that are affecting the profitability of the companies.

Objective: This study was to evaluated reasons for teeth extraction in southern regions of Iran. Method : We evaluated reasons for teeth extraction in 364 persons of sample population of Shiraz, Iran (157 women and 207 men)who were referred to Shiraz Governmental Dental Health Care Centers for extraction of their teeth in a three month period (Oct. to Dec. 2010). There were no special criteria in selection of the patients. Results: Data showed that dental caries was the main reason for extraction of teeth followed by periodontal disease and orthodontic therapy respectively (P=0.007). A significant relationship was shown between sex and extraction (P=0.015) and location of residence (urban vs. rural) (P=0.007). Conclusion: According to the data of this study showing that dental caries and periodontal diseases are two main causes of teeth extraction, it seems that following correct oral hygiene instructions via educational principles to the people accompanying mechanical removal of dental plaques, would be the first step in preventing these two common dental problems which may cause extraction of teeth.

The advent of multipartism in 1992 was celebrated by academics, politicians, and civil societies. However, while the ruling party progressively performs handsomely, opposition parties have remained weak. In the 1995 general elections, the ruling party won about 60 percent of popular votes. This figure increased to 71 percent and 80 percent in 2000 and 2005 general elections respectively. It dropped to about 61 percent in the 2010 elections. I argue in this article that, such performance by the ruling party is largely attributed to its unfair mechanisms of mobilising support through state-party ideologies, human rights abuse, religion and corruption.

This paper examines the relationships between entry mode, corporate characteristics, and performance of foreign firms in Japan. The entry mode classified into wholly ownership subsidiaries and joint ventures (JVs) subsidiaries. The profitability determined by adjusted net profit ratio to measure the integrated profitability. By using financial data of 319 foreign corporations in Japan, we conclude that the profitability of joint venture ownership is better than wholly ownership for manufacturing companies while wholly ownership is better than joint venture ownership for non-manufacturing companies. In addition, the profitability of joint ventures with minority ownership is the best entry mode for manufacturing companies and equally ownership for non-manufacturing companies in Japan.

Ticks constitute major pests of domestic animals through sucking of blood and transmission of many parasitic diseases. The search for alternative acaricides as ticks develop resistance to the ones in use is an ongoing process. This study was carried out to test potential acaricidal properties of the wormwood (Artemisia alfa) in Olive oil/Trilene formulation against larvae three tick species Boophilus decoralatus, Ripicephalus appendiculatus and Rhipicephalus evertsi. The study was carried at the Central Veterinary laboratory, Harare, Zimbabwe, from November to December 2011. The tick larvae were exposed to four concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100%) of the wormwood leaf extract using the Larval Packet Test (LPT). All leaf extract concentrations induced mortality and mortality increased with concentration. Larvae of Boophilus decolaratus were the most sensitive to the leaf extract with mortalities of 51.7% in 100% leaf extract and larvae of Rhipicephalus evertsi were the least sensitive (40% mortality) at the same concentration. Tick species and leaf extract concentration had significant effect on tick mortality (P<0.05). The study opens a potential weapon to deal with ticks especially for the poor upcoming farmer with limited resources

Schistosomiasis is endemic in many countries affecting more than 200 million people worldwide mostly those living in rural and agricultural areas. A survey of the prevalence of schistosomiasis, its predisposing factors and snail host species was carried out in Zvishavane district, Zimbabwe, from March to November 2010. Prevalence of urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis was determined from volunteers’ stools and urine using the Kato Katz technique. Predisposing factors to schistosomiasis were investigated through the use of questionnaires and field observations. Snail species responsible for the spread of the different schistosoma species in the district were determined by collecting snails from three major rivers; namely Runde, Ngezi and Manjere. A total of 250 patients (130 males and 120 females) participated in the study and a total of 168 were infected (67.2% schistosomiasis prevalence). This was despite the widespread knowledge (95% of the respondents knew about schistosomiasis) of the disease. S. haematobium prevalence was higher (60.4%) than S. mansoni prevalence (6.8%). Unsafe sources of drinking, washing and irrigation water like dams and rivers were to blame for the high incidence of schistosomiasis. Three snail species were collected; Bulinus globosus (12 individuals), Melanoides turberculata (9) and Bulinus tropicus (9) but only B.globosus shed cercariae.

Purpose of this paper is to review the role and impact of top management commitment and leadership on total quality management (TQM) in service organizations in Malaysia, and to come out with a conceptual framework model. A total of 15 related studies selected from well known electronic academic resources and databases (e.g. Emeraldinsight, Elsevier Sciencedirect and Scopus) and deeply reviewed. A proposed conceptual framework developed according to the finding and theoretical dimensions of those papers. Outcomes of this paper will: enrich the literature in the field; will underline trends of the research in role of top management leadership and commitment in TQM practices; and will provide fresh insights to academic researchers interested in the field of TQM as well as to organizations managers.

Public infrastructure is very vital for the functioning of an urban area. Potable water specifically remains a major United Nations target conveyed through the Millennium development goals. It is crucial for health, safety, environmental sustainability as well as for economic growth and development. Evidence from literature suggests that infrastructure services generally have positive effects on housing values, as they constitute positive externalities to surrounding properties. To this end, an investigation was made on the relative contribution of public water infrastructure on housing rental values in a residential neighborhood in Lagos, Nigeria using a hedonic regression model. Findings from the study revealed the relative impact of public water supply on property rental values. The application of the findings of this study will help direct policy formulation in the areas of urban infrastructure planning and development for investment returns and cost recovery. This is particularly necessary in a region characterized by incoherent institutional arrangements and poor financing strategies for urban infrastructure delivery and maintenance.