Archives-November 2016

Double aortic arch is class of congenital anomalies caused by a chromosome band 22q11 deletion, which are often referred to CATCH-22 syndrome or chromosome band 22q11 deletion syndrome using the unified terms. it is responsible for formation of Double aortic arch ,both right and left aortic arch arise from the ascending aorta common form of complete vascular ring, encircling both the esophagus and trachea are compressed by the aortic arches and their derivatives, resulting in non-cardiac morbidity. This study aimed to through an insight on the embryological basis, its clinical and surgical implications on the double arch aorta.

Isolation of the right subclavian artery occurs when the right subclavian artery takes origin from the pulmonary artery through a ductus arteriosus. The right subclavian artery normally takes origin from the brachiocephalic trunk, specifically the brachiocephalic artery, however due to this anomaly it takes origin from the pulmonary trunk, specifically the right pulmonary artery. As a result of this aortic arch malformation, there is a continuous filling of blood of blood into the right pulmonary artery; this phenomenon is known as subclavian steal phenomenon. As blood continues to flow in the right pulmonary artery, it gives rise to other complication s such as pulmonary over circulation.

Choanal atresia is a rare congenital condition caused by persistence of the buccopharyngeal membrane during the development of embryo. It is characterized by the closure of posterior nares in the nasal cavity. The condition is well managed with an oropharyngeal airway. A 120 degree nasal endoscope and CT are used in the diagnosis of choanal atresia. The definitive treatment for this upper airway obstruction is surgery. The less invasive approach is the transnasal one which is the first-line approach currently. If this approach is failed transpalatal approach is proceeded which is highly invasive.

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) is defined by the presence of an orifice in the diaphragm, more often left and posterolateral that permits the herniation of abdominal contents into the thorax. The lungs are hypoplastic and have abnormal vessels that cause respiratory insufficiency and persistent pulmonary hypertension with high mortality. The etiology is unknown although clinical, genetic and experimental evidence points to disturbances in the retinoid-signaling pathway during organogenesis. Chronic respiratory tract disease, neurodevelopmental problems, neuro-sensorial hearing loss and gastro-esophageal reflux are common problems in survivors. Much more research on several aspects of this severe condition is necessary.

The Subclavian Steal Syndrome is a condition in which the subclavian artery proximal to the origin of the vertebral artery is affected with stenosis or blockage. The blockage causes the reverse blood flow in the vertebral artery which is termed the "steal", because it steals blood from the cerebral circulation. Blood is drawn from the contralateral vertebral, basilar or carotid artery regions into the low-pressure ipsilateral upper limb vessels. The term subclavian steal syndrome is applied when reversed vertebral artery flow causes cerebral ischemia with associated symptoms of vertebrobasilar hypo perfusion and/or symptoms of brainstem or arm ischemia. This syndrome exists as an important consideration in the differential diagnosis of cerebral and brachial ischemia.

Cement is most generally utilized development material because of its great compressive quality and solidness. One of the significant parameter which impact quality is curing. Curing assumes a noteworthy part in building up the solid microstructure and pore structure. Curing is the way toward keeping up appropriate dampness content especially inside 28 days to advance ideal bond hydration promptly after situation. Great curing is not for all intents and purposes conceivable in the majority of the cases, for example, vertical individuals, human mistakes, places where there is shortage of water. In such conditions self curing cement is exceptionally versatile and alleviating the above issues. The self curing solid implies that no outside curing is required for cement. The idea of self curing cement is to decrease the water vanishing. As characterized by ACI, "Self or interior curing alludes to the procedure by which the hydration of bond happens in view of the accessibility of extra inner water that is not part of the blending water." One of the methods of self curing is by utilizing hydrophilic materials. A portion of the regularly accessible hydrophilic materials are Polyethylene Glycol, Paraffin wax, Acrylic corrosive. The utilization of hydrophilic materials minimizes the loss of water from the solid and aides in ceaseless curing of cement. In this study, considered review of cement is M40. The admixture utilized for self curing is Fluid Paraffin Wax, which is dry, scentless and dull. The impact of variety in quality parameters i,e., Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength and Flexural Strength were considered with Liquid Paraffin Wax (self curing specialist) (0.1% by weight of bond) and contrasted and that of traditional cured cement. The admixture Conplast SP430 was included (0.3% by weight of bond) in both traditional concrete and self curing concrete for increment of workability. The plan blend extent was 1:1.45:2.95. Quality of self curing cement is keeping pace with customary cement. From this study, reasoned that utilizing of Liquid Paraffin Wax as self curing operator can indicate critical variety in quality of cement.

By and large in remedial field checking performed on the little part of a picture anyway it comes to fruition high cost and less transmission speed as a result of its gigantic picture measure. Continuously it is to a great degree troublesome errand to diminish the degree of the picture without loss of information. At this situation by using some pressure strategies which are having the ability of higher remaking quality we will diminish the span of the picture. In any case, the nature of a photo expect a key part in the solution. On account of this reason we proposed upgraded pressure procedures. As a piece of this method we are performing district based division procedure by part the picture into two locales, ROI and NONROI which are trailed by applying LOSS and LOSSLESS pressure strategies. By applying different wavelets for ROI and NONROI pictures, we will register the pressure proportion and recognize the best appropriate wavelet procedure. By then we will finish our requirements i.e. picture with high transmission speed, less cost and less size. At long last compacted picture should be transmitted through flexible and web organizations. This examination article guarantees bolster for the destitute society with in regards to savvy who are enduring with ailments.

Adjustment, in a wide sense joins the different techniques utilized for altering the properties of soil to enhance its building execution. An expansive piece of focal India and a bit of south India are secured with dark cotton soils. These have high PI values. Earth soil is generally utilized as a part of the greater part of the development ventures. Mud soils, especially delicate earth soils, have great plastic properties so that expanded dampness brings about their diminished shear quality, compressive quality and volume changes. Far reaching soil represents a genuine danger to overlaying structures because of high swell and psychologist. So we have to balance out those dirts. Lime and bond are the regularly utilized artificially added substances for soil adjustment. These are far reaching. So we require a characteristic added substance for adjustment. In this paper we utilized the eggshell powder and quarry tidy as squanders. The quarry tidy is utilized as a filling material and the eggshell powder is utilized as a fastener. Quarry clean is added to soil at 30% substitution of soil. Eggshell powder was added to the dirt at 5%, 10%, 15%. For the ideal condition The Specimens were cured for 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after which they were tried for unconfined Compressive tests and CBR. In view of results it can be inferred that the eggshell powder can be viably utilized as a fastener as a part of place of lime. The test outcomes so acquired and demonstrated that 10% of eggshell powder gives MDD at OMC. The expansion in CBR is least in dark cotton soils though quarry tidy and ideal measurements of eggshell powder is included under the utilization of enhanced quarry clean and eggshell powder demonstrates obvious results.

This study introduces a test examination on self-compacting concrete (SCC) with fine total (sand) substitution of a Quarry Dust (QD) (0%, 25%, half, 75%,100%) and expansion of mineral admixtures like Fly Ash (FA) and Silica Fume (SF) and synthetic admixtures like super plasticizers (SP). After every blend arrangement, 45 3D shapes examples and 45 chambers examples are thrown and cured. The examples are cured in water for 3, 7 and 28 days. The droop, V-channel and L-Box test are done on the new SCC and in solidify concrete compressive quality and split elasticity qualities are resolved. Endeavors have been made to examine the properties of such SCCs and to explore the appropriateness of Quarry Dust to be utilized as fractional trade materials for sand in SCC.

Recently, modular multilevel inverter(MMLI) have gained interest for photovoltaic applications. This topology minimizes the total harmonic distortion both at the DC and AC side and reduces the voltage stress across the devices for high voltage applications compared to the conventional multilevel inverter. This paper explains the significance of a MMLI by employing phase shift PWM technique. This control algorithm is implemented in SPARTAN/FPGA board. The important aspect of this paper is the issues related to capacitor voltage balancing is addressed. The MMLI is powered by PV source and the modeling of PV alongwith MPPT is implemented in MATLAB. The validity of the proposed modular MLI topology is confirmed by simulation and experimentation.