Archives-November 2011

Electrostatic discharge tester has been designed to measure the electrostatic discharge produced in the woven fabric in terms of kilovolts. Various types of fabrics have been tested for their static properties by using Box-behnken design and their values were analysed based on their influencing parameters such as rubbing cycle, pressure and speed. It is observed that the value obtained by the electrostatic discharge tester varies from cotton, silk and polyester depending upon moisture regain values. It has been found that the maximum static discharge value generated for polyester while testing was 3 kilovolts, which was comparatively higher than cotton (2.1 kilovolts) and for silk(1.8 kilovolts) .The optimum values and their regression, correlation co-efficient were also analyzed.

In arid and semi arid area, irrigation is very essential for successful agriculture. Quality of irrigation water is an important factor of crop production .Whatever may be the source of irrigation water, some soluble salts are always dissolved there in these are mostly sodium, calcium, magnesium and some time potassium as cations and chloride , carbonate, and bi-carbonate as anions. Salinity hazard which is associated with high soluble salts in water and measured in terms of electrical conductivity (EC), water having an EC value of more than 2.25m.mhos/cm² is always unsafe for irrigation use. The alkali hazard is related to the development of alkalinity in the soil and is expressed as SAR Residual Sodium Carbonate is an indirect expression of CO3^-2 and HCO3^-1 of Na⁺in ground water. Based on the RSC value the irrigation water are classified in conclusion.

Sliver nano colloids have been synthesized by chemical reduction of sliver salt solution, characterized by SEM usage of nano particles. Sliver nano colloids are treated with wool fibres and dyed wool fibres (direct and acid dyes). The physical properties colour strength, fastness properties have been studied for dyed wool fibres and ordinary wool fibres. It is observed that the fibres with nano treated fibres have better strength than untreated wool fibres. It is also observed that there is considerable improvement in colour strength and colour fastness of silver nano colloids treated wool fibres (dyed).

In this research, optimization of electromagnetic shielding tester process parameters for conducting textile composite materials through Taguchi design and ANOVA has been reported. The electromagnetic shielding tester process parameters were selected to optimize the EMSE. The effect of the size of the test Conductive Textile Material Composite sample on EMSE, effect of distance between Conductive Textile Material Composite sample and transmitting antenna on EMSE, effect of distance between the Conductive Textile Material Composite sample and receiving antenna on EMSE, and effect of RH% on EMSE were analyzed and optimized by Taguchi design and ANOVA. It was observed that the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of conductive textile Composite materials were dominantly influenced by Conductive Textile Material Composite sample size and significantly influenced by distance between Conductive Textile Material Composite sample and transmitting antenna.

The paper is to lay special emphasis on study to design new management system into current information management in order to expand a method such as a library management information system. Studying data resources on hand and a new system model for information service management have been formed and realized, and at the same time problems of the hidden dangers of data redundancy get solved. The new system is called as a post-information management and the current system called as a pre-information management system. Whole information management system (IMS) consists of two systems, PrIMS and PoIMS. PoIMS is main foundations of statistics and analysis data. We offer a post-information management system which focuses on design system at data statistics and analysis with formulas. It is applied the retrieval combined models under multi-restrictive conditions and theories to the lending book rates in a library with PoIMS.

The Densu River is a typical river used for drinking water source, flowing through agricultural areas in Southern Ghana. Surface water and sediment samples at 45 sampling sites from the river and its tributaries were collected and analyzed for pesticides residues using GC with ECD/FID. Sampling was over a period of 24 months covering both the wet and dry seasons of 2007 and 2008.  Pesticide residues and metabolites detected in water and sediment samples were organochlorines (dieldrin, DDT, DDE, endosulfan sulphate, ?-endosulfan, ?- HCH, ?- HCH, aldrin, ? - chlordane ,endrin, endrin ketone, endrin aldehyde, methoxychlor and  heptachlor). In an average of 13.69% of sediment and 3.30% of water samples, at least one pesticide residue was detected per sample. A total of 8 different pesticides residues were detected in water samples with concentrations ranging between 0.1µgL^-1 and 48.6µgL^-1 whiles in sediment samples 14 different types were detected with concentrations ranging between 0.10µgL^-1 and 163.00µgL^-1. The maximum levels of residues were found in downstream section of the basin. Aldrin and dieldrin levels detected were above the recommended limit of 0.03 µgL^-1 with endosulfan, endrin and chlordane registering levels above their recommended limits of 20.0µgL^-1, 0.6µgL^-1 and 0.2 µgL^-1 respectively for drinking water. The ratio of DDE/DDT  in environmental matrix were quite high indicating there old input of DDT and significant degradation. The results implicitly revealed that improper land use in the basin has led to poor water quality.

One of the most important concerns in arid and semi-arid areas of Iran is water erosion and sediment transport. Several experimental models were used for predicting the erosion severity and sediment yield in a sub-catchment area. These models are often developed for different regions than those in which they are applied. Therefore more field data should be gathered for model calibration and, ultimately, a better evaluation of method should be undertaken. However because of insufficient and less reliable sediment yield data in Iran the objective of this study is to evaluate the output results of PSIAC model in five small catchments, Semnan Province, Iran using reliable sediment yield data deposited in reservoir constructed in the outlet of these catchments. Correlation analysis showed that Upland erosion is closely related to Specific Sediment Yield (r2= 0.86). Comparison of the amount of PSIAC predicted and observed reservoir sediment SSY indicate that model was predicted lower than observed values in one catchment (Amrovan) and higher in four other catchments but these differences are not considerable in catchment scale.

The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial quality of 10 different Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPs) sourced sampled from traditional medicine distributors and retail pharmacy outlets in Accra, Ghana. A total of 10 herbal medicinal products that were made for in vitro administration were randomly sampled in triplicates for analysis. Microbial Count was performed on the products. Isolation and identification various microbes from herbal medicinal samples were done also done. The results show that all of the products had their manufacturing and expiry dates stated, 5 (50%) products have been registered by FDB. The microbial load of the products varied considerably. The lowest microbial count was 2.2 x103 cfu/ml and the highest count was 6.2 x103 cfu/ml. Two (20%) of the products showed no bacteria growth. The predominant organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureaus and Bacillus spp. Only one sample had fungi isolate from it. However, E. coli, Klebsiella spp and Salmonella spp was not isolated in any of the 10 samples. There is need for constant monitoring and control of the standards of herbal medicines products in the Ghanaian market.

N- Maleilated chitosan was synthesized by reaction of chitosan with maleic anhydride (MA) in N, N-dimethyl formamide. N-Maleilated chitosan – g – (methyl methacrylate) co-polymer was prepared via free radical polymerization using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as the initiator. The effect of polymerization variables including initiator concentration, monomer concentration and reaction temperature on grafting percentage were studied. It was found that the grafting yield and grafting efficiency were increased with increasing the polymerization variables and then decreased. The grafting was maximum at 1.6g of initiator (CAN), 2g of the monomer (Methyl methacrylate) at 70⁰c. The co-polymer obtained was confirmed by FTIR, XRD, TGA, DSC analysis. This graft co-polymer was used as an adsorbent in dye effluent treatment. It was more efficient than parent chitosan. Equilibrium sorption experiments were carried out. The experimental data was successfully fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

A Schiff base namely 3-{4-[4-(Benzylideneamino)benzenesulfonyl]-phenyl}-2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one has been considered here. Theoretical characterization was done by Gaussian-03. The AM1 route has been used. The various parameters such as bond length, bond angle, atomic charge distribution and vibrational frequency analysis have been discussed. The theoretically observed IR values are found to be in accordance with the experimentally obtained values.