Archives-May 2017

This paper presents a Compressive Sensing (CS) greedy iterative algorithm, based on OMP: Sparsity-Independent-OMP (SI-OMP), for varying sparsity spectral conditions. As CS is one of the most essential techniques used by a Cognitive Radio (CR) for efficient usage of spectrum, it is required to be optimally simple, and, still, swift in working. The complexity here refers to the Number of computations a CR is required to make while using such algorithms and, this also, will in turn affect the effective requirement of hardware and power consumption. The proposed algorithm introduces negligible additional complexity, but enables a significant performance improvement in the reconstruction accuracy for arbitrarily varying spectral conditions. The spectrum here is a function of time and frequency both, exhibiting varying sparsity in both the domains.

The purpose of this paper was to establish the effects of credit risk and loan repayment on Kenya Power profitability. The increase in Kenya Power customer base has been a major challenge as majority of the customers especially the rural customers cannot afford to connect to the power grid due to high connectivity costs. Descriptive research design was used for this study and the target population was all 47 County managers in Kenya where respondents were selected using stratified sampling technique. The sample size used was 42 respondents and primary data was obtained by use of questionnaires whereas secondary data was obtained from the Kenya Power, Coast region. The study recommends that the Kenya Power should lower the amount required as deposit so as to increase the uptake stima loan by customers. The study also recommends that stima loan processing fee should be factored as major income to the Kenya Power as it increases profitability of the company.

This study was designed to establish the project based factors influencing the supply of safe water in Kenya with Mombasa County as a case study. The Government and private organizations have established many water projects but most of them have been characterized with low levels of sustainability. Some of them have become un-operational requiring rehabilitation. Inspite of the existing projects, the water supply is still inadequate. To address the problem, this study identified four specific objectives, namely; to establish the influence of project planning on the supply of safe water, to establish the influence of project risk management on the supply of safe water, to determine the effect of project quality control management on the supply of safe water and to determine the effect of project monitoring and evaluation on the supply of safe water. The hypotheses used were geared towards establishing the influence of water projects? planning, risk management, quality management and monitoring & evaluation, on the supply of safe water. All the variables are interrelated. Project planning includes plans in all the project knowledge areas such as quality and risk management which touch on all deliverables and processes. M&E is also done on deliverables and processes, in reference to the agreement made during project planning. The study sought to assist the national and county governments in the sustained provision of safe water. The theories of sustainability, participation and project management were analyzed in relation to the supply of safe water. The participation theory discussed the unity of the beneficiaries for the sake of water projects. Sustainability theory discussed the long term water benefits. Whereas, the project management theory put emphasis on the water projects? processes.

The purpose of this research was to find out the actual reasons behind turnover in commercial banks in the county of Mombasa and its damaging effects on the productivity of banks in Kenya. Commercial Banks play a very big key role in controlling the economic activity of a country, as the Central Bank of Kenya implements monetary policy with the help of commercial banks. Collectively, Kenya?s banks contribute more than Ksh.1.2 billion every year through their social investment programmes (corporate social responsibility). Moreover, as one of the largest contributors to tax revenue in Kenya, the banking industry directly impacts the country?s economic development, including the key sectors of education, health, transport, energy, communications and agriculture. The industry is most certainly a force for good that strikes the balance between growth and positive impact. Commercial banks in Kenya today are facing a high employee turnover which can prove costly in this sector. Due to this turnover the organization results in loss of production and an increase in the recruitment costs. Literature review looked into two theories that informed the study i.e. Maslow Hierarchy of Needs and System Theory. Empirical review highlighted Factors Determining Staff Turnover in Organization, Effects of Employee Turnover and Banking Industry in Kenya a conceptual framework was proposed to guide the study. The primary objective of this study is to determine the factors that determine staff turnover within the commercial banks and how it affects staff performance.

The research was carried out to investigate inventory challenges facing the performance of logistics firms in Kenya, Freight Forwarders Kenya Limited a leading Logistical company in East and Central Africa was used as the case study. The general objective of the study was to investigate the inventory challenges facing logistic firms. The specific objectives were to analyze how inventory cost, lead time, technology and level of inventory affects the organizations performance. The researcher used relationship marketing theory, deterministic inventory model and Economic Order quantity theories in the course of the research to relate how the challenges are affecting the performance of firms. Sampling method was employed in the cause of data collection for analysis a target population of 68 employees of FFK was targeted and a sample size of 58 was used In the course of research. The researcher collected primary data from Freight forwarders Kenya Limited by means of questionnaire’s those who gave their input were Top level managers, Middle level managers, supervisors and low level employees. Secondary data was also utilized from existing literature in analyzing and coming up with conclusions. Data was analyzed using descriptive analysis and inferential analysis using the SPSS Statistics to come up with sound conclusions regarding inventory challenges facing Logistical challenges in Kenya.

Electricity has played a central role in the economic development of countries since the wake of industrialization of nations and the demand for this strategic commodity and input has undergone a significant growth. This has caused researchers to become more focused on the factors affecting price and production costs and seek solutions to increase the efficiency in power generation. The general objective of this research study was to establish the strategic management factors affecting performance of thermal power generation companies in Kenya. Four key strategic management factors were selected for this study that affects performance of thermal power companies in Kenya which formed the specific objective of the study, they include; cost of fuel, customer relationship management (CRM), quality management and competitive strategy. The finding of this study was to assist shareholders in decision making process in terms of the investment to engaged in, government in reviewing and formulating policies in the energy sector and managers in focusing on their competitive areas while seeking solutions in there weaker areas in terms of performance. Literatures and theories were reviewed to seek various opinions and views from different authors in the area under study. Three theories of resourced based view, Stakeholder and resource dependency theories were considered. The conceptual frame work presents the relationship that exists between dependent and independent variables. The study criticized some of the literatures and presented the research gap where this study seeks to fulfill. The research study applied a descriptive research design. The target population was the 80 employees of Rabai Power Limited comprising of the four departments of operation, maintenance, procurement and administration. The sample size of 67 respondents out of the total population was obtained using the Slovin?s formula for sample determination. This was equivalent to 84% of the target population which was drawn using simple stratified random sampling technique to promote the need for efficiency and representativeness from various departments. Both primary and secondary data technique was used to collect data for the purpose of analyzing these factors that affect performance.

This research proposal is to investigate the role of Customer Satisfaction on Customer Retention in the Kenyan Insurance Industry. Customers? retention is a valuable asset for an Insurance industry and therefore must be achieved optimally for efficient and effective achievement of stated objectives and for smooth continuation of business. Most of the customer satisfaction attributes to the role of customer expectation, customers loyalty, customers trust and customer commitment in the customer retention in the Kenyan Insurance Industry.Problem overview will be given in chapter one as it tries to address the role of Customer Satisfaction on Customer Retention in the Insurance Industry. This research will basically address some of the issues of Customer Satisfaction that may influence Customer Retention in the Kenyan Insurance Industry. The researcher will also address the statement of the problem which gives the basis of the study, objectives, research questions and the scope of the study. The researcher will attempt to look at the relationships between various variables identified, critical review and the research gaps of conceptual framework in chapter two. Research methodology in chapter three will give an overview which attempts to achieve the objectives of the study, which will involve data collection methods used, research design, target population, data analysis and presentation. A descriptive study will be adopted and research carried out using survey method. The study will focus on a target population of 120 which will comprise of the Insurance customers. A convenient sample of 120 customers is considered for this study taking into account of all locations of Insurance Companies Branches in Mombasa County. The data analysis will employ use of SPSS version 20. The Researcher will then present the data findings collected from the population target using tables and charts.

Although Savings and credit cooperative societies (SACCO) are formed to promote thrift among members by affording them an opportunity to accumulate savings and deposits to provide credit at fair and reasonable rate of interest, they operate in an competitive environment characterized by banks, micro finance institutions, insurance companies, capital market and pension fund that offer similar or near equal financial services to the same clientele in Kenya. In today's highly dynamic and competitive business environment, firms are exposed to strict challenges with meeting the ever-increasing market and customer needs and expectations, coping with sophisticated requirements, and facing technological obsolescence. In order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage level that not only matches those of their business rivals? but that exceed the financial industry performance averages, financial institutions have to seek understanding of relative degree on the relationship between competitive strategies and sustainable competitive advantage. Competitive strategies adopted determine the consumer satisfaction that propels the SACCO to attain sustainable competitive advantage. The aim of the study was to establish the effects of competitive strategies on sustainable competitive advantage of SACCOS in Kenya. Specifically, the study was to examine the effect of focus strategy and identify the effect of innovation strategy on sustainable competitive advantage of SACCOs in Kenya with specific interest in Mombasa County. The literature reviewed in the study was the theory of Resource-Based View of the firm (RBV), Market-Based View (MBV) and the Game Theory. A descriptive survey research design was adopted with a survey involving 168 SACCOs according to the Kenya Union of Savings & Credit Co-operatives ltd.

There is increased international competition between destinations and hotels and it is apparent that Kenya?s tourism competitive strategies need to be adjusted in order for the nation to be able to successfully compete both locally and internationally. Kenya is a renowned tourist destination competing with countries such as Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia, South Africa, Seychelles and Tanzania. This competition calls for hotels in Kenya to adopt strategies that would give the country advantages over its competitors. To survive, the hotels must be agile enough to respond to the pressures to compete on levels unrivalled in the past. Focus has now shifted to internal processes in order to offer the hotel the best opportunity to take on the unique challenges facing it today. In order for the sector to know if it is competitive in the industry with a lot of competition, implementation of effective competitive strategies is important. The general objective of this study was to assess the influence of competitive strategies on organizational performance of classified hotels in Mombasa County registered under the Kenya Association of Hotel Keepers and Caterers. Specifically, the study sought to determine the influence of competitive strategies on organization?s performance; to assess the influence of market focus strategy on organizational performance and to examine the influence of cost leadership strategy on organizational performance. The study captured the theoretical background on competitive strategies in an attempt to provide basis for appropriate conceptual and theoretical framework for the current study.

The general objective of this study was to investigate the effect of money transfer systems on economic growth of Somalia. The study was guided by the following objectives, to establish the effect of electronic Money Policy on economic growth in Somalia, to determine the effect of Money transfer Agents on economic growth in Somalia, to examine the effect of electronic Money transfer security on economic growth in Somalia, to establish the level of financial support in form of capital, that is attributed to funds received from abroad and to establish the extent of distribution of received funds from transfers to other parts of Somalia other than Mogadishu. A significant number of Somalis fled the country during the civil war that lasted for more than two decades since 1992. These Somalis in diaspora send significant amount of money which is used to support their families that they left behind. These transfers contribute a lot to an economy of low production, making it one of the backbones of the Somalia?s economic growth pillars. hawala is a system of money transfer that excludes the bank system and is useful for the economy. To better understand the effect of money transfers such as hawalas, the Keynesian monetary policy concerning liquidity preference and practical policy and the Dow Theory have been used. The study follows a conceptual framework to help the research accomplish the objectives and concentrates on investigating the electronic money transfer, business boosting and income distribution as affected by hawala which variables are responsible for the economic growth. The study was use research design to present the findings conducted. Data was collected by a questionnaire where both structured and unstructured questions are used. Data was analyzed by use of Microsoft Excel & SPSS tool for comprehensive analysis because of its compatibility in describing statistical data. Findings was further be presented by use of bar charts, pie charts, graphs, tables and text all these issues showed the impact of money transfer in economic growth in Somali because the is back bone of Somali economic 80% of Somali people depend their lives in electronic money transfer, the result the hawala is very integral for Somali people. The researcher recommends that the government should develop hawala Remittance Act and the Anti-money laundering law, that will create more favorable conducive environment to smooth the operations of the hawala Systems, and implement it.

This research project sought to determine the effects of financial planning on the performance of transport and logistics firms in Mombasa County. The general objective was to establish the determinants of performance. The independent variables under consideration were: fund allocation, external funding, fund control and budgeting. These independent variables created the basis for the specific objectives under review as follows: to find out how the fund allocation influences the decision to growth and profitability; to establish how the degree of external funding influences the decision of firms to growth and profitability; to find out how budgeting affects the decision to growth and profitability; and to find out how fund control the decision to growth and profitability. Transport firms in Mombasa have grown in importance in the economy of the region during the last couple of decades. Although transport firms are growing speedily they face a range of challenges which work against their progress. Lack of financial knowledge is been a major setback to transport firms’ progress. Inefficient financial planning may damage transport firms profitability and, as a result, complicate the difficulties of transport firms’ growth. Conversely, efficient financial planning will help transport firms to strengthen their profitability and, as a result, these difficulties can partly be overcome. This study is motivated by the need to determine the financial planning practices used by transport firms and their impact on the financial performance of the transport firms. The target population of this study will be 102 transport firms operating in the Mombasa County. A modified Liker scale questionnaire will be developed divided into three parts. A pilot study will be carried out to refine the instrument. The quality and consistency of the study will further be assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis will be performed on a PC computer using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Version 22) for Windows. Analysis will be done using frequency counts, percentages, means and standard deviation, regression, correlation and the information generated will be presented in form of graphs, charts and table.

Despite innovation absorbing real and substantial costs, the available literature tends to focus heavily on training and education, and has primarily been concerned with measuring the inputs, process and immediate outcomes rather than the longer term impact of innovation. To the best of the researcher’s knowledge no study had ever been conducted to investigate the effects of innovation strategies on growth of Microfinance Banks in Kenya. This research focused on Faulu Micro Finance Bank Branches in coast region; the general objective of this study was assessing the effects of organizational innovation on the growth of Microfinance Institutions in Kenya with specific focus of Faulu Microfinance Bank in coast region. Specifically, the study was assessing the effects of product innovation, market innovation, process innovation and service innovation on the growth of Microfinance Institutions in Kenya with specific focus of Faulu Microfinance Bank in Coast region. This research was studied through the use of a survey research design. The target population of this study was 96 staff working in Faulu Microfinance Bank in coast region with a sample size of 77 employees. These study utilized questionnaires which were dropped physically to the respondents’ place of work and stratified random sampling was used to get the sample. The descriptive statistical tools such as SPSS were used to help the researcher to describe the data and determine the extent to use. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine whether variables predict a given dependent variable. Tables were used to summarize responses for further analysis and facilitate comparison. This study investigated whether innovations adopted by Faulu Microfinance Bank branches in Coast Region lead to growth of Micro Finance Bank.

The objective of this study is to investigate whether employees’ morale will be a factor affecting implementation of performance contracts, to investigate whether accountability will be factor affecting implementation of performance contracts, to find out whether bureaucracy will be a factor affecting implementation of performance contracts, to investigate whether setting objective mechanism will be a factor affecting productivity by use of performance contract and to make recommendations on policy evaluating and implementation of performance contract on public service staff on areas that need improvement to enable and enhance implementation of performance contract that will beneficial to both the government and employees of parastatals as implementation is concerned.

The term “producer” rather than “farmer” because it covers all aspects of agricultural production, including livestock and fisheries, and the processing of agricultural products on-farm or in the rural areas (such as the women’s cottage industries). The producer organizations (POs) considered are formal rural organizations whose members organized themselves with the objective of improving farm income through improved production, marketing, and local processing activities. POs deal with: policies on issues such as pricing and export and import of agricultural products; improvement of agricultural production practices; access to inputs and services, including agricultural credit; marketing of agricultural production; and local processing of agricultural production and its marketing. Collectivization of producers, especially small and marginal farmers, into producer organizations has emerged as one of the most effective pathways to address the many challenges of agriculture but most importantly, improved access to investments, technology and inputs and markets. Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India has identified farmer producer organization registered under the special provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 as the most appropriate institutional form around which to mobilize farmers and build their capacity to collectively leverage their production and marketing strength. It has been argued that rural producer organizations (RPOs) are an effective tool for solving problems in rural areas and promoting agricultural development. The empirical evidence of the effectiveness of POs on serving their members is scarce at best.

Labor rights, in most cases, based on public order, public order in work law, including minimum and maximum that, in law and government regulations have been introduced, and the employer cannot, even with the consent of workers, through individual contracts, or agreements mass, at least reduce, the maximum increase. Review of the legal system, in the face of a situation that, freedom of contract is used to justify the imposition of systematic, widespread and unfair clauses in contracts has become. Public order and good morality, by limiting freedom of contract, may be in the process of labor contracts in the Iranian legal system, are effective. Study on the law applicable to the employment contract, taking into account the public order and good morals, using descriptive-analytic method and library study has been done, and the results, including that one of the consequences of the increasing the use of standard contracts, the inclusion of the conditions unfair contracts, particularly contracts of labor, corporations and businesses a strong economy, using the bargaining power of its superior design contracts unilaterally, and to win writing, these plans are full the covenants contained, the workers, or the weak contractual party, harmful and It is unfair, in law, worker protection entails certain rules, not dealing with unfair terms.

In any Commitment, what is desired, the implementation is the same commitment, and the purpose of the conclusion of the Commitments of the parties, is to get the change. But also the implementation of commitment, in all cases, not useful, and sometimes resort to other ways the interests of the parties to the contract, to provide a more favorable way, is more appropriate. What the parties, foremost importance, benefits from its implementation, not coercion committed to doing the same commitment, after a long time. On the other hand, extraordinary indifference, the same commitment to performance, and extreme preference for other forms of compensation, the manner of compensation is also justified not acceptable, and does not pay attention to the shared objectives contract. Ambiguous nature of some of the topics in the science of law, can determine the effects of their sentences, to be involved, so defining and analyzing the concepts and determine the legal nature of these topics, much the work of a lawyer, is formed. This study aimed to examine, evaluate and analyze the rules governing the obligation to work Payment, by submitting's action. Although the Civil Code, Article 214, "action" and "yours" and, Handsome each contract, and consequently the "surrender of property" and "take action", the difference is established, but according to the principles of civil law, and with regard to the property of "action", in our law, it seems, do the subject of the contract, the property was an act of submission, and subject to the provisions of it. Accordingly, it can be submitted using the general rules of property, to the extent shortcomings in civil law and civil law, and the legal literature of Iran, on the rules governing the obligation to take action, be overcome.

Public administrative contracts, including contracts that are certain, due to the independence of administrative contracts, private agreements, principles and specific rules, their actions. This type of contract is generally subject to public law, and the rules governing aspects are mandatory. The treaties state that the purposes of protecting the public interest and provide public services followed, mostly private party on the one hand, and on the other hand the government is present. After the conclusion of the treaty, each party administrative and employer, will have obligations that may be one of the causes of the collapse of the termination of the obligations, of course, from the employer cited. Review existing laws and regulations, we find that the terminate right contracts, to the violation administrative , by virtue of Article 46, Treaty and the general conditions prevailing circumstances, by virtue of Article 48, the general conditions of the Treaty, is applicable. In the first case, which is based on the current contract, the provisions are relatively clear, but in the second case that, in the context of the general conditions of the Treaty, the term "termination" is used, without fault of the administrative , the employer, according to your best interest, or other causes termination of the treaty. The analysis of this vote, it is important that the termination of the interest and the common good, a terminate right the widespread that way for abuse of authority leaves open because the public interest concept is general and vague that content it's not material judicial supervision, usually the court, the regulation of termination, monitor. On the other hand, the concern of the highest public interest and public service delivery in this type of contract, justify the granting of preferential jurisdiction, the employer is government.

The prevailing spirit in doctrine and Sharia of Islam, from the beginning to tolerance, mitigation and disposal Distress and constriction, focused and grounded. Necessity to reductionist, in practice the provisions, variable and universal religion, in accordance with the principles of freedom and liberty, and the necessity of conflict with existing laws, including the reasons underlying the rule Religious permission, the legitimacy of the state of some of the laws, apply. Foundation legitimacy of discharge, the rules «Distress and constriction», and «no- damage» is Located. This study, in the light of legal texts, rules and principles, explain the rule Religious permission, as an important, focuses on Islamic law. In this regard, in addition to explaining the concept, and the status of the above, the expression and show some of it, of transactions, punishments and suspension provisions in the law, and the rules of civil law, criminal law and family law, encourages. The results of this study indicate that, approach the permissions, at present, according to the positions of «Obstruction of religious knowledge», and «Absence of religious texts», etc. necessity in solving «Updated issues» , with a new approach in «Demands of the time», is considered.

The menace of industrial pollution has been haunting the human world in the past several decades by causing different types of pollution. Agricultural sector in Nepal is severely affected by the direct discharge of untreated effluents on the agriculture land. This paper focuses to analyze the effect of industrial effluents on soil by measuring different physico-chemical parameters. Discharge of industrial effluents into the soil causes to change the physico-chemical and biological profile of the soil. Physico-chemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, acidity, moisture, organic matter, water holding capacity, specific gravity, texture, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were analyzed. The study revealed the negative impact of industrial effluents in the soil. Various parameters were found badly affected, which were different from the normal range of the fertile soil. Excessive accumulation of organic matters has changed the alkalinity of the soil. The alkalinity was found maximum in the soil near to soap industries. Irregular distribution of micronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) was found in the present study.

The molecular vibrations of 2-methylnaphthalene was investigated by FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopies. Normal coordinate calculations of 2-methylnaphthalene have been carried out using Wilson’s FG matrix mechanism on the basis of General Valence Force field (GVFF) for both in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations. The potential energy constants obtained in this study are refined using numerical methods.

This present work aims to investigate dyeing performance of some new azo disperse dyes belonging to diazotization of 1, 4-bis (2-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazolyl) benzene and coupling with different amines as to comparing and contrasting depth obtained of shade and levelness. Some new dyes, such, has been examined, and assessed. The study was concerned mainly with dye uptake, behavior and efficiency. Color measurements, kinetics and thermodynamic parameters were involved. Conventional dyeing, was considered as control for obtained results.

The thermal performance of tractor radiator is improved with Cu/water when compared with CuO/water nanofluids as workings fluid. The nanomaterial plays a vital role for past two decades in the research areas like thermal management and material science. Miniaturization and increased operating speeds of heat exchangers warranted the need for new and innovative cooling concepts for better performance. The nano materials and its suspension in fluids as particles have been the subject of intensive study worldwide recently since pioneering researchers recently discovered the anomalous thermal behavior of these fluids. For heavy vehicles the engine cooling is an important factor for their performance in the intended application. Here the tractor engine radiator cooling is enhanced by nanofluid mechanism of heat transfer for its improved performance in agricultural work. If the tractor engine cooling is enhanced then using this farm equipment more agricultural field can be ploughed which can be utilized for cultivation within a short period of time. Heat transfer in automobile is achieved through radiators. In this research work an experimental and numerical investigation for the improved heat transfer characteristics of a radiator using Cu/water and CuO/water nanofluid for 0.025, 0.05 and 0.075% volume fraction is done with inlet temp of 50 - 60°C under the turbulent flow regime (8000 ? Re ? 25000). The overall heat transfer coefficient decreases with increase in nanofluid inlet temperature of 50 - 60°C. The experimental results of the heat transfer using the Cu metal particles of nanofluid is compared with Oxide and the numerical values which shows an increase in heat transfer coefficient. The results in this work suggest that the best heat transfer enhancement can be obtained compared with the base fluid and oxide form by using a system with Cu/water nanofluid-cooled radiators. The nanofluids showed better heat transfer characteristics as a new alternative coolant for the radiator.

This work sets out to interrogate the phonological processes involved in the formation of multisyllabic nouns in the Izii and Ezaa dialects of the Igbo language using the autosegmental method of analysis. The data were gathered using the personal interview method. Six respondents, three males and three females were sampled and one hundred and fifty words randomly selected from the Ibadan 400 Word List (as outlined in Udoh (2004) were used and the interview was recorded electronically. In the findings, the phonological processes of deletion, elision and insertion were mainly used while the results of the processes were inflectional as no change of word class was recorded. However, some of the processes produced contour tones, closed syllables as well as consonant clusters especially in Ezaa dialect portraying unusual phonological features when compared with other dialects of the Igbo language.

Mobile Internet has become a convenient tool for information exchange, the new 4C business rules in the mobile commerce are co-creation, commodity, community and connecting. In today's mobile commerce, enterprises should pursue the following competitive strategies, which are strategic planning period is shortened?adjusting to changing circumstances is crucial, organizational structure will be more flat, flexible, and adapted to the environment, enterprises become customer operators, remove intermediaries, reduce distribution channels or service networks etc.

In this article, the phenomenon of fingero-imbibition in a particular displacement method concerning two immiscible fluids through a dipping homogeneous porous media with a magnetic field effect has been discussed analytically under certain conditions. This phenomenon provides a nonlinear partial differential equation as a governing equation, which can be solved by Homotopy Perturbation Sumudu transform method (HPSTM). The numerical and graphical results are discussed using MATLAB.

Silkworm silk is among the most widely used natural fibers for textile and biomedical applications due to its extraordinary mechanical properties and superior biocompatibility. There is a growing interest to introduce more new functionalities into silk while maintaining its advantageous intrinsic properties. Various methods with their merits are assessed to produce functional silk, specifically those with colour and luminescence. There is a highlight on intrinsically coloured and luminescent silk produced directly from silkworms for a wide range of applications and a discussion on the suitable molecular properties for being incorporated effectively into silk while it is being produced in the silk gland. This paper elicits an in vivo uptake of neutral red, a weak cationic azine dye by Bombyx mori, which results the production of vibrantly coloured cocoons. It is a green process without any chemical pollution, which offers the development of an insect system to produce coloured silk. It has significant potential applications in sericulture research. The colour change observed in haemolymph and silk gland is evident for the efficacy of the selected dye to incorporate into the silkworm body. The results of larval and cocoon traits shows that there is no significant difference between the control and dye added diet fed groups. The findings suggest that neutral red is a promising candidate dye for the production of environmental friendly colour silk production, which eliminates the generation of dye waste.

Traditional products of Iran were created based on cultural needs and people’s beliefs and customs as well as functional needs. This study aimed to guide designers in designing new product based on cultural factors for Iranian people. In this study, the researcher wanted to experience his perception about cultural factors that influenced creating a particular traditional product in Iran and to study how these can contribute to designer practices. This study involved with qualitative method where interview has been conducted to identify specific traditional products, which have strong influence of cultural factors. Fifteen “Cultural Factors” has been identified, which can be beneficial to the designers for future product development.

Pesticides or agro-chemicals play a pivot in controlling pests on agricultural and horticultural crops. SEVIN 50% W.D.P. based on carbaryl. 1. Naphthylmethyl carbamate, is a broad spectrum pesticide for control of pests on fruits, vegetables, forage, cotton and other crops, as well as poultry and pets. In order to know the extent of toxicity five different concentrations of the toxicant ( Sevin) are taken – LC0 (2.13 ml. l-1)) , LC10 (2.54 ml. l-1) ), LC50 (3.01 ml. l-1) , LC90 (3.25ml. l-1) , LC100 (3.35 ml. l-1) . Uni -algal, axenic culture of Anabaena cylindrica, Lemm. was inoculated and the survival percentage was determined. The ( LC10 ,LC50 , LC90) three lethal concentrations were chosen to study the differential effects of different concentrations of the pesticide (Sevin) on the blue-green alga, Anabaena cylindrica, Lemm. The changes in the ATPase activity (?g ip liberated hr -1 50 ml culture) of the alga Anabaena cylindrica, exposed to different concentrations of the pesticide, Sevin, at different days of exposure and recovery. The enzyme activity values were far less than the control value and even less than the inoculation day value, except the 3rd day of exposure. No significant recovery was marked, indicating total destruction of the enzyme system in the exposed alga. The percent change in ATPase activity showed non-significant negative correlation with the exposure period in conc. A and B. However, in conc. C, a negative significant (r= -0.974; p < 0.01) correlation was marked. The ATPase activity increased in Conc. A (2.5 ml l -1) up to 12th day of exposure, when compared to the control value and then the enzyme activity decreased. With the increase in pesticide concentration and exposure period, the enzyme activity significantly declined, when compared to the control value. A maximum of 93.5% and 99.1% decrease was recorded on 15th day of exposure and 15th day of recovery in conc. C.

Cardiovascular dysautonomy is a disturbance of the sympathico-vagal balance in the control of the cardiovascular system. The primary objective of this study was to describe the autonomic profile of chronic hemodialysis patients (CHD). This is a cross-sectional observational study, including 22 patients from the hemodialysis (HD) center of the Ibn Sina University Hospital in Rabat. We observed the different cardiac and nephrological characteristics of the patients; Carried out a study of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) by non-invasive methods and established the autonomic profile of the patients. Dysregulation of the cardiovascular autonomic nervous system was found in 72.7% of patients; Vagal disability was the most pronounced autonomic disorder in 63.6%, followed by central (54.6%) and peripheral (50.0%) sympathetic hyperactivity. In multivariate analysis, only the female sex (p = 0.042) was an independent risk factor for vagal disability; On the other hand, the HD quality was a protective factor (r: -0.56, p =0,021). Intradialysis hypotension and hypertension appear to be respectively related to decreased baroreceptor sensitivity and sympathetic alpha hyperactivity. The underlying mechanisms of this involvement require further studies before treatment strategies can be developed.

The study analyzed the demand Analysis for household consumption of garri in Imo State. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 180 garri consumers from the state and the primary data were collected with structured questionnaire from the respondents. Descriptive and Inferential statistical tools such as means, standard deviation, percentage, multiple regression and logit regression analysis were used to achieve the specific objectives of the study. The result showed total expenditure on garri and fufu was N2,056.75 of which yellow garri has the highest share of N1,092.88 (53.14%), followed by white garri that was N588.88 (28.63%), and fufu’s share was N375 (18.23%), It further showed that garri is a normal, price inelastic good that has strong degree of competitiveness and suitability with fufu and income elastic. Age of the household head, household monthly income and price of garri are important factors influencing preference of yellow garri consumption. It was recommended that Price of garri should be stabilized across the markets to ensure consumers’ greater access and affordability, Households should be encourage to aggressively engage in cassava production and processing into preferred types of garri, fufu and other cassava products to stem ensure all year round availability of garri and other products in the country. 

This research focused on determination of buckling stress values of internally pressurized unstiffened imperfect thin cylindrical shell under axial compression. The method of solution was carried out by the use of nonlinear large deflection theory and the effect of initial imperfections in the strain-displacement equations was considered. The Ritz method was used to determine the buckling stress parameter of the shell. Numerical examples were carried out ; it was found that as imperfect ratio increases, the buckling stress values decreases at constant wavelength ratio, deflection parameters, radius of curvature, internal pressure and thickness of the shell. However, with the use of varying values of imperfect ratio, wavelength ratio, deflection parameters and thickness of the shell at constant internal pressure and radius of curvature, the buckling stress values progressively to a maximum point known as the critical value and then depreciate progressively. This nonlinear analysis in the Ritz method and the imperfect ratio is responsible for the behaviour of the cylindrical shell.

This paper introduces a new improved ratio estimator for population mean in stratified random sampling using calibration estimation theory. Following the results of an empirical study, it is deduced that the proposed estimator is substantially more efficient than existing estimators of its class.

This paper provides a unified framework for chain ratio-product estimation and proposes a generalized chain ratio-product estimator for estimating population mean in stratified sampling. The bias and variance expressions of the proposed estimator have been derived under large sample approximation. Asymptotic optimum estimator (AOE) and its approximate variance estimator are derived with conditions for allowable departure identified. Some existing estimators in theory are obtained and shown to be particular members of the proposed estimator under certain restrictions. Analytical comparisons of the AOE with other existing estimators showed that the AOE is substantially more efficient under certain realistic conditions.

This study is a descriptive survey conducted on four primary schools based in the Kgalagadi North Sub-District in Botswana with purpose to cross-examine the instructional challenges faced by teachers based at schools in remote areas. After establishment of validity, interviews were conducted (individual and focus group). Results show that all the four remote schools sampled had homogeneous instructional challenges. Of the challenges, teachers identified discipline and academic challenges as a major factor in all the sampled schools. Even though parental support related challenges did not feature prominently in this study, the study identified that parents we not active in supporting their children in learning. The frequency of these challenges was found to be hampering positive academic output. These challenges were perceived to be capable of adversely affecting Botswana’s national objectives of Vision 2016 pillar of, an educated and informed nation. The study found out that learner achievement at remote schools is low and that parents are not actively involved in their children's education. The final thought of the study was that teachers based at remote schools need capacity building to deal with instructional challenges to enhance their effectiveness. On this ground, the researcher agrees with literature on the need for family learning as an approach to assist parents to support their children.

Methyl-2-dihydroxyphenylsulfide was synthesized with the aim of characterizing antioxidant action. Its ability to break off oxidation chain in the reaction with peroxide radicals, as well as parameter of f•k which characterizes inhibiting activity of inhibitor, were studied.

Nowadays, empowerment, as well-known tool that managers by it will be able, today's organizations that have features such as a variety of channels through growing reliance on horizontal structure and partner networks, little difference directors and employees of each other, and reduce organizational affiliation are run efficiently. Therefore, this study seeks to answer the question of which factors affecting the staff empowerment, job satisfaction for them now, the are. The influence of the factors affecting empowerment, job satisfaction and, as a case study, the staff of the Ayandeh bank , using the so-called correlation, and the questionnaire is analyzed. The sample size of the study population according to the investigations, about 460 of them are, according to Cochran formula, was estimated at 210 people. In this study, after collecting data from test to test, Pearson (Pearson), to determine the extent and degree of the relationship between two variables is used. Results indicate that, competency, job satisfaction among the staff of the Ayandeh bank , self-organizing job satisfaction, effectiveness, job satisfaction, a sense of meaning, job satisfaction and trust in others, job satisfaction, respectively, with the significant 0/028, 0/003, 0/04, 0/048, 0/002, A significant and positive relationship, and so all hypotheses of the study were approved.

Necessary to achieve the objectives of the organization, the most valuable resources. In this context, growth, progress, prosperity, and enhance the capabilities of employees, as employee empowerment, has been of interest to scholars and experts. The influence of the factors affecting empowerment, job satisfaction and, as a case study, the staff at the Ayandeh bank , using the so-called solidarity, and through the analysis questionnaire. In this study, the model of empowerment Spreitzer, has been considered. The sample size of the study population according to the investigations, about 460 people-are, according to Cochran formula, was estimated at 210 people. To collect information from the sample, and to test the hypotheses is set to the survey, the survey, a total of 30 questions designed to the 17 questions translated questions Spritzer, and according to the Terms, the Ayandeh bank , have been implemented, as well as questions 1 to 13, separately, related to employee job satisfaction, according to Susan Linz model is used. In this study, after collecting data, regression testing, to determine the extent and degree of the relationship between two variables is used. Results indicate that, competence and job satisfaction of the staff at the Ayandeh bank , self-organizing job satisfaction, effectiveness and job satisfaction, meaningful sense of job satisfaction, and trust others with job satisfaction, respectively, significantly 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, influence, and so all hypotheses of the study were approved.

In the years after the revolution, the establishment of border markets, a new step in the direction of making more efficient border transactions. Despite the prominent role of these centers, the development of exchanges, regional, and economic prosperity of the region, performers plaza and along the border show that the balance of trade areas was negative, and often the activity of import that, should their role in the economic well-being influence, and on this basis to the market, investigated and evaluated, so that appropriate planning, it was based on. This study is based on a descriptive analysis and aimed to investigate the role and impact of border markets Parvizkhan in improving the economic situation of the inhabitants of the region, has been discussed. The population, including people working in the border area Feedback Pervez Khan, to the number 2320, which, according to Cochran formula, 300 people were selected as sample. In this research, data analysis, one-sample t-test was used. Results show that the mean responses provided by respondents, the impact of border markets, on the regional economy 3/447,from 5 is that if this average, to extend community, with 95 percent of the average responses people between 3/393 to 3/501 is, and because of this number (3/447), the number 3 (1 very low 2 low 3 middle) is larger, it can be concluded, the impact of border markets, the economy of the region, is almost too much. On the other hand, because Sig = 0, smaller than 0/05, this test is statistically significant. This in employment, income and drug trafficking, has led to improvements.

Review the problems of border markets in regional development and prosperity stated that despite the prominent role of border markets, the development of exchanges regional balance of trade in the region north and North West, negative and often work imported, and the regulations, management system in the marketplace, so not serious, and requires a favorable approach to management. Accordingly, with respect to the role of border markets, in social prosperity, and its impact on economic and social prosperity, be sure to research to be done, and the results analyzed and evaluated. Research, in terms of method, the cross-sectional studies, and the purpose of the methods is applied, the role and the effectiveness of border markets of Parvizkhan, improve the social situation of the region's residents. The population, including people working in the border area Parvizkhan Market, to the number 2320, which, according to Cochran formula, 300 people were selected as sample. In this research, data analysis, one-sample t-test was used. The results showed that the mean of the responses provided by respondents, the impact of border markets, the social issues of the region, 3/3417 from 5, if this mean to extend the society, with 95 percent of the average of responses people between 3/292 to 3/392 is, and because of this number (3/3417), the number 3 (1 very low 2 low 3 middle) is larger, it can be concluded, the impact of border markets on social issues in the region, almost too is. In other hand, because Sig = 0 is smaller than 0/05, this test statistically, is significant. Also in the field of welfare, security, and reduce migration also been influential.

The right to defend is one of the most sacred rights of human which guarantees rights and freedoms of individuals. In fact, recognition of the right to defend for society members against infringing their rights and freedoms is very necessary. Because the right to defend in its deep and expanded concept means "applying the reasoning ability and power of words by using legal instruments to eliminate attributed accusation in the presence of the judicial authorities". Maintaining social order and defending the society rights is limited and balanced with protecting the rights of the accused ,so the defense of the interests of society shouldn't be led to ignorance of the rights of the accused. When a person is charged with a crime, he is in danger of being deprived of freedom and he may sustain other prohibitions . Nowadays the defense rights of accused are one of the important principles of fair trial, as well as, in international and regional documents the rules and regulations of the country are considered and supported. This right has also been taken into consideration in Iranian laws and the charter of International Criminal Court . Therefore, this study includes studying the defense right of the accused in system of criminal justice in Iran and the International Criminal Court. In this study the needed data is collected by using documentary processes and scientific resources .The results of this study show that in criminal justice system and criminal courts in Iran, the cases of right to compensate the losses of illegal arrestment , right to enjoy adequate time and facilities to prepare the defense, right to be informed the charges, the right to have interpreter, the presumption of innocence, the right to defend personally or through an attorney, investigator 's avoidance of compulsory confessions have been considered.

Data on acute toxicity and safety of fenugreek still not sufficient. Hence the objective of this study is to investigate the acute toxicity of fenugreek seeds aqueous extract (FSA) in vivo. Twelve male Swiss albino mice, were randomly divided into control (C), and three treated (T1, T2, and T3) groups (n = 3 each). T1, T2, and T3 were given 3gm, 6gm, and 9gm/kg body weight FSA respectively. Intragastric divided doses of FSA were given as per OECD guidelines 425. Continuous observation of signs of acute toxicity and survival set up. Body weight was measured every 3 days, blood glucose level was measured after 6 hours, then on days 3, 7, and 14. Liver function test was measured on days 3 and 14 which is the day of sacrificing the mice. Liver was dissected and processed for histopathological examination.Administration of 9g/kg body weight of FSA showed 66.7% survival rate, while the lower FSA doses showed 100% survival. 3, 6, and 9g/kg body weight FSA failed to induce any signs of acute toxicity. Furthermore, no significant effect shown on mice body weight, blood glucose level and liver enzymes. Histologically, all FSA administered doses showed mild portal inflammation, mild mononuclear cell infiltration in hepatic parenchyma, in addition to mild bile stasis induced only in mice received 9g/kg of FSA. FSA showed minimum lethal oral dose and mild liver histopathological inflammatory changes.

In the present study, anticorrosive action of the arecanut seed extract on the surface of copper in both 0.5 M HCl and 0.5 M NaOH systems was screened by weight loss and electrochemical methods. The protection efficiency of the inhibitor is directly proportional to its concentration and inversely proportional to copper immersion time and solution temperature. The copper corrosion inhibition process is related to adsorption of arecanut seed extract constituents on the copper surface and which is associated with Langmuir adsorption model. Morphological variations on the metal surface in unprotected and protected conditions were screened by scanning electron microscopy technique.

In the present student, Sudan Orange G (SOG) [4-(Phenylazo)resorcinol] derivatives have been studied at Density Functional theory (TD-DFT) at B3LYP level of theory with 6-31G(d) basis set. Different substituent groups were introduced in different position to investigate their effects on the electronic and optical properties. The HOMO and LUMO energies and the energy gap (Egap) between HOMO and LUMO of the studied dyes were calculated. The light harvesting efficiency (LHE), the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and injection driving force (?Ginject) which are the key parameters related to the solar cell efficiency (?) were computed. The LHE values for the dyes are in different ranges and that all the dyes will give different photocurrent. The D6 dye has highest oscillator strength value 1.1263 and the LHE value is 0.925235. So the D6 dye has more efficiency than other studied dyes. Based on the values, the meta substituent dyes are better sensitizers compare to other dyes.

Jatropha curcas seeds have been in use for the production of biodiesel as an ecofriendly fuel. But during biodiesel production from 100 kgs of Jatropha seeds only 30 kgs of oil is produced, while 70 kgs of de-oiled cake is generated as a byproduct. This oil meal contains toxic substances like curcin, toxalbumin and phorebolic acid which makes it unsuitable as an animal feed. It can be either used for biogas production or vermicomposting as can be seen from volatile solids of total solids content of 87.93%. So feasibility of this oil meal as a substrate for vermicomposting using earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae has been studied in detail. Original C/N ratio of the jatropha oil meal was around 42.94 while the raw waste mixture was around 38.57% after mixing with cattle dung and soil, which reduced to 12.6 after vermicomposting, which is an indicator of efficient worm activity. Volatile Solids reduction of 66.19% was observed which indicates efficient worm activity. Results showed good quality vermicompost production with efficient water holding capacity of 72.4100% and porosity of 78.2191%. Bulk density depicted 1.1052 g/cm3 indicating good quality suitable for efficient root penetration. Scanning Electron Microscopy and microbiological analysis confirmed the maturity of the vermicompost.

The salivary glands stand out as the tissue with probably the most diverse pathology in the human body. Salivary gland tumors are abnormal cells growing in the ducts that drain the salivary glands. Benign tumors are more common with the major glands. This review highlights management of benign epithelial salivary gland tumors. This covers various types of parotidectomy and techniques of submandibular gland excision. Endoscopic approaches and sialendoscopy are the recently used modalities.The key to surgical success is early identification of the facial nerve, meticulous dissection, and eradication of all disease at the time of initial surgery.

number of thiophene, pyridine, pyrimidine, and 1,2,4-triazine derivatives were obtained via interaction of 3-Oxo-N-{4-[(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl-amino)sulphonyl]phenyl} butanamide (1) with different reagents. The new synthesized compounds were confirmed by their infrared, mass spectrum, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and elemental analyses, and further screened for antimicrobial activity.

Urinary bladder cancer is the second most frequent tumour of the genitourinary tract with bladder adenocarcinoma comprising for about 0.2-2% of all malignant bladder tumours. Other primary sites for such tumours include rectum, stomach, endometrium, breast, prostate, seminal vesicles and ovaries. Such non-urothelial bladder tumours with intramural bladder tumour growth may delay the onset of symptoms which may lead to a delay in diagnosis and thereby adversely affecting the prognosis as compared to urothelial bladder tumours. Traditionally bladder adenocarcinomas were believed to be resistant to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but recent advancements have shown encouraging responses with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy.We present here-in a case of primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder highlighting its relative rarity of occurrence and the difficulties encountered in diagnosing primary bladder adenocarcinoma, its management and a review of the literature.

We report the case of a 86-year-old man with previously diagnosed an adenocarcinoma of the right colon with metastasis to the penis. The patient underwent right hemicolectomy with negative margins and completed 12 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with Oxaliplatin and a fluoropyrimidine (FOLFOX IV). Two years later after the surgery, the patient presented tumoral progression and apparition of multiple metastases on liver and peritoneal carcinosis, the patient is since on supportive and palliative care. Few months later the clinical examination showed an indurated lesion of glans penis, whose resection was consistent with metastatic colon adenocarcinoma.

One of the progress important channels in organization productivity improving is. Human resource productivity, the driving force of progress and development organization. This study is to explain some of the ways to improve productivity, the institutional methodology is used, and emphasized that the path to improved productivity, the institutional reform passes. Institutionalism view that, based on the belief that these institutions are, the worldview of people to determine, therefore, ideals and goals of each individual, strongly influenced by institutions that influences the direct and their indirect , has grown. The study acknowledges that a number of factors, the productivity of human resources effective, the main efficient institutions, to improve productivity, the reform of the institutions are: The educational institution: as a way to solve nodes work, the reward: to motivate to do useful work, and the generator and regulations: as an official body may, construction and improvement work in other institutions, to formally recognize forgive documented.

This study investigated relationship between Emotional intelligence and willingness to communication in speaking ability. To this end, three types of instruments were applied to collect research data, i.e., Mccrosky’s (1992) Willingness to Communicate Scale, Bar-On’s (1997) Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) as well as a final achievement exam administered at the end of the term to gather students English speaking grades. For the analysis of the data correlation and independent samples t- test to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance were used. The findings indicated that there was a relationship between speaking ability and emotional intelligence. Also, there was a positive relationship between speaking ability and willingness to communication. On the other hand, there was not a significant difference between females and males on the speaking task, emotional intelligence and willingness to communicate.

To retain the existing human resource, especially the expert and active ones, is of the main goals of each organization. The management tries to maintain the human resources by increasing their job satisfaction. Lack of attention to employees' job satisfaction leads to numerous problems of the most important is job turnover. Given this fact that most the factors affect the job satisfaction similarly affect the organizational commitment, according to scholars, there exists a significant relationship between them. Accordingly, after reviewing the literature relating to job satisfaction and turnover, the purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of organizational commitment in the relationship between job satisfaction and intention to leave. In doing so, 224 employees of warehouse and logistics of Raazi Petrochemical Company were investigated by distributing the questionnaires and 200 well-qualified ones were returned. Gathered data was analyzed using the structural equation modeling technique. Research results indicated that the tested model is goodly fitted to data, and all the four hypotheses were statistically confirmed. In general, results of this study indicated the efficiency of proposed model for decreasing the under-study employees' intention to leave. Finally, some practical and research implications were provided for the statistical population, which can be utilized considering the research limitations.

In this work different samples of lipsticks were examined using (LIBS) to trace elements in them.

Vehicle Theftshas been rapidly increasing in the present automobile industry, designing an intelligent security system for vehicles can be done by using a microcontroller. The developed security system makes use of ARM microcontroller, touch screen, a GSM module, and MEMS that is embedded in the vehicle by interfacing it to Engine Control Module (ECM).In the present day vehicles, remote keyless entry system and immobilizer system are used for prevention of vehicle theft. The proposed project aims to design a theft prevention and thief identification system by adding another level of security enhancements and improvising the existing system to overcome drawbacks. As automobiles become more sophisticated, security system for vehicles must be stronger. Thelist of features implemented in this project are, smart gravitational lock, touch screen ignition, thief identification by camera etc., The features are implemented by using triple axis MEMS Accelerometer, Touch screen, GPS Receiver, GSM cellular modem, VGA spy camera. The goal behind this design is to prevent vehicles thefts rather than finding the theft vehicle and a spysystem to identify the thief for future assistance.

Estuarine diversity is one of the important aquatic diversity. It is a connecting link between the fresh water and marine water resources. Around 70 % of living organism particularly aquatic organism and human beings were presented in the bank of Estuarine. So it's called as rich habitat or livelihood area for all organism and also otherwise called as cradle of culture. Most of culture originated from the bank of rivers and estuarine area. In recent days estuarine diversity has been affected by various aspect like hydro biological activity and seasonal fluctuations, polluting factors and other man made activities. due to this reason estuarine diversity has been changed and de-promoted their nature. In this reason most of aquatic organism especially estuarine diversity decreased their nature of quality and quantity. This study mainly observed the study area diversity and the usage of nearby peoples.

Hyperlipidemia is an elevation of one or more fat proteins in the blood i.e., too much cholesterol in the blood. It is one of the leading causes of various cardiovascular diseases resulting in 40% deaths annually in USA. The aim is to assess and improve the knowledge attitude & practice in hyperlipidaemia patients.  A prospective observational study was conducted in Karuna Medical College Hospital, Palakkad from November 2016 to April 2017. The questionnaire was basically divided in to three sections (Knowledge, Attitude and Practice) with 15 questionnaires. Out of these 15 questionnaires 5 were related to knowledge, 5 were related to attitude and 5 were related to practice. Each positive answer was given a score of ‘one’ and the negative answer was given a score of ‘zero’. Marks scored 4 to 5 considered as good scorer, score 3 considered as average and 2 or below 2 considered as poor scorer.  A total of 107 cases were collected of which 101 cases were available for post intervention. All patients with hyperlipidemia in the age group 30-70 yrs, willing to participate were included in the study. Among the 101 completed cases, 63.3% was male and 37.7% was female patients. 53.5% of patients were from the age group 61-70yrs. 87.1% followed a mixed diet where as 12.9% followed a vegetarian diet. Before intervention, 9.9 % had good knowledge, 15.8% had good attitude and 4.9% had good practice; whereas after intervention 85.1% had good knowledge, 87.1% had good attitude and 37.6% had good practice in hyperlipidemia. Factors beyond knowledge and attitude contribute to disease management. Plausible factors could be poor self-management, lack of motivation, inadequate social support or lack of resources that are necessary for sustained life style modification or behavior change.

Number of plant species, in present time, is on the verge of extinction. Thus owing to this threat to plant species their identification has become very important. This paper presents a technique that has been implemented for the identification of plant species based on leaf images. The plant species identification involves three steps such as pre-processing, feature extraction and classification.

This paper introduces the theory of calibration estimator to ratio estimation in stratified systematic sampling scheme and proposes a class of calibration ratio-type estimators for estimating population mean Y ? of the study variable y using auxiliary variable x. The bias and variance of the proposed estimator have been derived under large sample approximation. Calibration Asymptotic optimum estimator (CAOE) and its approximate variance estimator are derived. An empirical study to evaluate the relative performances of the proposed estimator against members of its class is carried out. Analytical and numerical results proved the dominance of the new proposal.

This paper proposes, with justification, a class of product-cum-dual to product estimators for estimating the population mean in systematic sampling using auxiliary information. The bias and variance of the proposed class of estimators have been derived under large sample approximation. Asymptotic optimum estimator (AOE) and its approximate variance estimator are derived and efficiency comparisons made with existing related estimators in theory. Analytical and numerical results show that at optimal conditions, the proposed class of estimators is always more efficient than all existing estimators under review.

This study examines the impact of monetary policy on exchange rate movement in Nigeria over the period of 1981 to 2015. The data for the research was taken from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). Based on empirical analysis and econometrics technique, cointegration method was adopted to measure the long run relationship between exchange rate and the Monetary policy instrument such as money supply, Monetary policy rate, Treasury bill and Cash reserve ratio and the direction of causality between the variables using VECM Granger causality framework plus variance decomposition and impulse response for robust analysis. The result from Johansen’s estimation revealed that broad money supply, monetary policy rate and cash reserve ratio contributed positively and significant impact on exchange rate movement in Nigeria while 3-month Treasury bill has a negative but significant impact on the exchange rate movement. There is unidirectional relationship between broad money supply and exchange rate at 5% level of significance. There is no clear causal link between monetary policy rate and exchange rate movement in Nigeria. However, variance decomposition revealed that monetary policy rate contributed 0.3351% and 3.1298% in the short and long run. Treasury bill is negative and statistically significant which means that, a 1% increase will lead to 3.24% decrease (change) on exchange rate movement. Lastly, cash reserve requirement is positive and statistically significant. These results could be a guide to policy makers in analysing monetary policy instrument towards maintaining the strength of the naira. Government should pursue strategies that are designed to neutralize the effects of such practices as round tripping, over-invoicing and under-invoicing which have characterized the activities of the banking sectors in the recent years. Lastly, foreign exchange control policies should be adopted in order to help in determination of appropriate exchange rate value. This will go a long way of strength the naira

The paper focuses on review of Pakistan economy in order to evaluate the performance of the economy to identify leading economic problems of Pakistan. It discusses various macro economic problems indulging micro economic problems while highlighting the origin of these problems. It contributes in understanding of various concepts of macro economic parameters with respect to the economy and developing the interlink between these concepts. The analysis achieved the conclusion that Pakistan is currently facing adverse economic problems that need to be rectified with systematic mechanism in order to retrieve the identity of Pakistan that had been achieved with innumerable sacrifices.

Regulatory requirements for various countries of world vary from each other. Therefore, it is challenging for the companies to develop a single drug which can simultaneously submitted in all countries for approval. Africa is the second fastest growing pharmaceutical market in the world and is driven by a small number of countries like south-Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, East-Africa, North Africa. During the past decade, the African continent has been home to some of the fastest-growing economies in the world, creating a large window of opportunity for the development of the pharmaceutical sector. Africa’s pharmaceutical sector was expected to reach about 30 billion US Dollars by 2016. The main objective of this study is to discuss about the various parameters and requirements for Registration of externally developed pharmaceutical products in North Africa for Approval. Pre-Requisite knowledge of country specific Guidelines and norms is very important to analyse the similarities and differences between the regulatory requirements of different countries. The Pharmaceutical Market in Africa is growing fast at a Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.6%. The value of Africa’s pharmaceutical industry jumped to $20.8 billion in 2013 from just $4.7 billion a decade earlier. That growth is continuing at a rapid pace: the market will be worth $40 billion to $65 billion by 2020. The purpose of this study is to focus on the key assessment parameters required for developing a pharmaceutical product so that it can be simultaneously registered in numerous African countries for approval.

Traditionally, educators have perceived television as not particularly beneficial to literacy development. Concerns were fueled by findings suggesting that with the introduction of television people spend less time reading books and reading scores decline. However, as the society is striving to make adjustments to the decline in literacy skills and new ways of learning and teaching are being explored, educators are becoming interested in exploring the educational potential of television and video for teaching basic literacy skills such as reading, writing, and math. The interest in television as an educational medium has increased for several reasons. The research literature suggests that the content of television can have four broad types of effects on children. They include behavior, attitudes, beliefs and values, knowledge, and cognitive skills. Many children's television series are educational, ranging from dedicated learning programs to those that indirectly teach the viewers. Some series are written to have a specific moral behind every episode, often explained at the end by the character that learned the lesson. Some television programs are designed with primarily educational purposes in mind, although they might rely heavily on entertainment to communicate their educational messages. In children's programming, edutainment becomes fun and interesting for the child but can still be educational.

In this paper, light is shed on the Special Relativity hidden conflicts. The first part will point out some of the Special Relativity self-contradictions in relation to its main outcomes; namely the time dilation, length contraction, relativistic velocity addition, relativistic Doppler shift, and the energy-mass equivalence The second part reveals the reasons beyond the Special Relativity inconsistencies, by demonstrating its mathematical formulation misconceptions, and identifying various contradictions in Einstein’s 1905 derivation of the Special Relativity equations.

With growing evidence regarding the association between oral health and respiratory disease, oral physician responsibility to provide top quality care is mandatory. By staying up to-date and using research available, oral physicians will be able to have the knowledge and skills to carry out proper assessment of patient, management, and prevention of the disease. Through this knowledge, the oral physicians will be able to educate patients regarding specific risk factors responsible for developing respiratory diseases and their prevention to avoid further complications. Besides, it will help to identify and manage those patients with associated problems. Oral physician should stay update with current research available, in order to educate the public and patients regarding the significance of good oral health.

Abacavir (ABC) {(1S,4R)-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl] cyclopent-2-en-1-yl} methanol, is an antiretroviral medication which is used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. It belongs from nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) a sub class of RTIs, which interrupt the virus to make copy of it. In this paper we reported the results of a systematic experimental IR and Raman study of Avacavir. Additionally the equilibrium geometry, harmonic vibrational frequency Raman and IR intensities were calculated using density function theory. Finally complete vibrational assignment of Abacavir is given for the observed Raman and Infrared spectra. The experimental and theoretical results are found to be in excellent agreement with each other. We believe that the results obtained herein will prove to be an excellent starting point for studying the detailed potential surface of the molecule which is needed to understand the drug receptor interactions.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the watercourse land use of pasture, rainfed and abandoned rainfed which conducted in Bab Karafs watershed (Sarduyeh) in Jiroft County using the artificial rainfall simulator device. In this study three land uses with constant soil type and lithology have been considered and also, rainfall intensities have been created by using rainfall simulator device and in two intensities of 46 mm/hour and 88 mm/hour, and as well as considering the slopes of 5 percent and 15 percent, according to the three repeats in 36 stages of sampling. Also, from adjacent parts of the rainfall simulator device and from 0-20 cm depth of soil, the soil samples were taken for analysis in a soil laboratory. The results showed that the land use changes indicate dramatic impacts on watercourse and erosion amounts in different slopes; so that the maximum amount of watercourse is carried out in the abandoned rainfed use and slope of 15%. The minimum amount of watercourse is carried out in the rainfed use and slope of 5%.

In this study three land uses with constant soil type and lithology have been considered and also, rainfall intensities have been created by using rainfall simulator device and in two intensities of 46 mm/hour and 88 mm/hour, and as well as considering the slopes of 5 percent and 15 percent, according to the three repeats in 36 stages of sampling. Also, from adjacent parts of the rainfall simulator device and from 0-20 cm depth of soil, the soil samples were taken for analysis in a soil laboratory. The results showed that the land use changes indicate dramatic impacts on soil sedimentation amount in various intensities of rainfall and different slopes; so that the highest amount of sedimentation is carried out in the abandoned rainfed use and intensity of rainfall of 88 mm/hour and slope of 15%.

This paper is built upon studies of defining an aesthetic philosophy and criteria of Timeless architecture, and using it to enhance building effect on users. After an argument was made for the justification of the concepts manifested for a timeless architectural aesthetic over the continuation of the current paradigm. As principles of a timeless aesthetic architecture are established: that timelessness represents a practical philosophy, that timelessness serves as the concept generator in the design process, and that timeless architecture is universally specific to the constraints of its concepts and style. three case studies are thereby examined in relation to these principles as well as more qualitative and quantitative evaluation factors, and criteria for built environment. The objective hereby is to analyze the selected buildings [to determine presence of timelessness quality. The results is evaluated according to the table of analysis developed in the Comprehensive Theoretical Foundation that resulted in the set of criteria for timeless buildings. Thus, the buildings are subjected in a comparative analysis to the checklist produced in the study to prove whether its timelessness complies with the study or not.

In recent years, we have witnessed a dramatic popularity of online social networking services, in which millions of people publicly communicate for a kind of mutual friendship relations. Social network research is one of the fastest growing academic areas as it is continuously expanding within our society. One key element of this field of research is social network visualization, which refers to the use of sociogram / illustrative diagrams of the joins that connect various actors in social networks. Visualization of social networks has a rich history, particularly within the social science since at least the 1930s. The use of graphical representations is one of the main defining properties of social networks. Researchers make use of pictorial images of social networks in order to communicate and understand the content and patterns within social networks. However, visual diagrams of social networks often suffer from a range of problems, the most common of which being the high density of edges and complex structures in large networks, providing sociograms that often appear as unclear set of nodes and edges. In this paper, we have made every possible effort to remove the fear from mind of people that understanding networks is a difficult process as it is difficult to visualize, navigate, and find patterns in networks. For this, we begin by defining what constitutes a social network site and then present our introduction of basic concepts of social networks, social network sites and then discussed about visualization needs and problems, benefits of using data visualization, implementations of visualization available over time.

The objective of this study was to do a comparative study of Follicular and letual phase of inhibins, estrogen, progesterone, LH and FSH. For women in both phases, levels of inhibin A, inhibin B, estradiol and progesterone decreased after the removal of the ovaries. Correlation analysis showed that inhibin , estrogen were significantly negatively correlated in both phases with FSH concentration. Inhibin had negatively correlated in follicular phase and progesterone had a negative correlation in the luteal phase. In this paper we consider the exponentiated Weibull family which has a scale parameter and two shape parameters for the application part. The Weibull family and the exponentiated exponential family are the particular cases of this family. The distribution has been compared with the two-parameter Weibull and Gamma distributions with respect to failure rates. This study showed that ovarian inhibin A and B were cleared from the circulation within 12 h of oophorectomy, whereas E2 and progesterone remain in the circulation for longer. Negative correlation between FSH, inhibin suggests that inhibins may contribute to the observed early rise in FSH after the surgical menopause.

The problem of generating bivariate life distributions from univariate ones is drawing the attention of the reliability analysts for quite long. Several approaches have been developed for generalizing univariate laws. Amongst those approaches, the characterization approach and the modeling approach are very appealing. Here Bivariate Inverse Exponential Distribution is used in the application part. This study aims to test the hypothesis that moderate exercise training combined with caloric restriction would produce significant menstrual disturbances and alterations in ovarian steroids in premenopausal women. Sedentary premenopausal women (25 –40 years; body mass index: 23.6±0.6 kg/m2 ) assigned to either a light conditioning (LC, n = 9) or an exercise combined with caloric restriction group (EX + CR, n = 24) were studied for one screening, one baseline and four intervention periods equivalent to the length of subjects’ menstrual cycles. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that a moderate aerobic exercise training program combined with modest weight loss in accordance with recommended guidelines produces significant reductions in ovarian steroid exposure without disrupting menstrual cyclicity in premenopausal women of advanced gynecological age.

Determination of pesticide residues in food is very essential in human health and it is becoming a major priority in the cocoa value chain. Hence, organophosphorous pesticide residues in dried cocoa beans from Ondo and Osun States, Nigeria were determined using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and the detected levels of these residues were compared with the European Union Maximum Residue Levels (EU MRLs). Samples were milled separately and 10 g milled samples were weighed into 40 ml Dichloromethane (DCM) in a beaker and later sonicated. The extracts were subjected to gel permeation chromatography to separate lipids from the extracts, which were later subjected to fractionation. Among the organophosphous pesticide residues detected in the samples from the states were dichlorvos, diazion, phosphamidon, pirimiphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, isofenphos and carbofenothion with their being levels higher than EU MRLs, suggesting that the produce were not safe for human consumption and the residues could pose some health risk to the consumers.

This paper examines the effects and consequences of globalization on the identity of young Iranian. At first we describe concepts of globalization, identity, young and then with the method of analysis and explanation we seek the impact of these cases to know the impact of globalization on the identity component and their influence on Iranian young identity. Globalization is fueling a crisis of identity that challenges distinct form of official identification and facilitate the identification based on traditional value based on local value, identity-based on public value, open, plural and identification based on consumption.

This paper attempted to explore vocabulary learning strategy use by English Translation students. It also aimed at studying the participants’ level of creativity. Moreover, it attempted to investigate the relationship between students’ vocabulary learning strategy use and creativity. In addition, it tried to examine the impact of students’ level of education and gender on the relationship between their vocabulary learning strategy use and creativity. Sixty four English Translation students took part in the study. The vocabulary learning strategy questionnaire (Jones, 2006) was utilized to investigate the participants’ vocabulary learning strategy use. In order to measure their creativity level, Torrance test of creative thinking (Torrance, 1999) was administered. It was explored that dictionary and social strategies were reported as the most frequent strategies utilized by all students and study preferences were the least frequent ones. The result also showed that the participants displayed a low level of creativity. Their creativity level had no significant relationship with their vocabulary learning strategies except for the guessing strategies (r= .282, P< 0.05). Freshmen and seniors’ level of education did not affect the relationship between the two variables while junior students displayed a significant impact on the relationship between creativity and vocabulary learning strategy use with respect to guessing strategies. Finally, it was explored that gender affected their relationship with regard to guessing strategies and social strategies for females and males, respectively.

Interaction of various process parameters like initial chromium concentration (VI) (5-30 mg/l), pH (1-10), and adsorbent dosage (6-10 g/l) for chromium adsorption using custard apple powder were evaluated using central composite design (CCD) in response surface methodology. The CCD design in response surface methodology has been applied for designing the experiments as well as for full response surface estimation and 19 experimental data as per the model were used. The optimum conditions for better percentage removal of chromium from waste water with the concentration of 20 mg/l were as adsorbent dosage (9.9966 g/l), pH (2.7877) and initial chromium concentration (15.18693 mg/l). The high correlation coefficient (R2 =0.98929) between the model and the experimental data showed that the model was able to predict the better percentage removal of chromium (VI) from waste water using custard apple peel powder efficiently

The objective of this study was to describe the growth pattern in Zandi sheep using non-linear models. In total 21640 body weight records from birth to yearling were analyzed. The data set were used in this study, obtained from the Animal Breeding Center of Iran during 1992–2013. In this study growth pattern parameters (mature weight, growth rate and mature rate) estimated using four nonlinear regression model (Brody, Gompertz, logistic and Bertalanfy). Growth models were compared with coefficients of determination )R2(, adjusted coefficient of determination (R2adg), Means square error (MSe) and Akaike’s information criterion (AIC). logistic model provided the best fit of growth curve due to the generally greater values of R2 and R2adg and lower values of MSe and AIC than other models. In logistic model the estimated amount of mature weight (A), growth rate (B) and maturation rate (K) were 34. 48±0. 09, 7. 61±0. 28 and 0. 027±0.0004, respectively. This amount for Brody model were 36. 52±0. 17, 0. 9±0. 004 and 0. 009±0. 0002 respectively. For Gompertz model this amount were 35. 12±0. 11, 2. 25±0. 04 and 0. 017±0. 0002 respectively. In von Bertalanfy model the estimated amount of parameters A, B and K were 35. 48±0. 12, 0. 53±0. 006 and 0. 014±0. 0002 respectively.

In this paper, the pattern recognition and classification based on clustering algorithm and linear decision is studied. The research method is used for an example of a car and a background in a picture,The experimental results show that the recognition effect is better than other traditional methods.

The FT-IR, FT-Raman spectra of 1(4-nitrophenyl)ethanone (NPE) were recorded in the region 4000-400 cm-1 and 4000-100 cm-1 and analyzed. Optimized molecular structure, vibrational wavenumbers, corresponding assignments regarding NPE has become screened tentatively as well as hypothetically using Gaussian 09 program package. The geometrical parameters of the title compound are in agreement with the experimental data. Natural bonding orbital (NBO) assessment has been completed with a reason to clarify charge transfer or conjugative interaction, the intramolecular re-hybridization and delocalization of electron density within the molecule. From the MEP analysis, it is clear that the negative electrostatic potential regions are mainly localized over carbonyl group and phenyl ring are possible sites for electrophilic attack and the positive regions are localized at all the hydrogen atoms, indicating possible sites for nucleophilic attack. Local reactivity properties have been investigated using quantum chemical parameters and Fukui function analysis. The first and second-order hyperpolarizabilities were calculated. The calculated first order hyperpolarizability is commensurate with the documented worth of very similar derivatives and could be an interesting object for more experiment on nonlinear optics. The HOMO and LUMO energies also confirm that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. The NMR spectral assessment had been made choosing structure-property relationship by chemical shifts along with the magnetic shielding effects regarding the title compound. The magnetic susceptibility and thermodynamic property of the title compound for various temperatures also be discussed.

An attempt is made to study the family dietary patterns and its association with socio-economic variables among Gond community of Melnadih village, Karra Gram Panchayat, Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh, India. A homogenous population with varied occupational categories was selected by using 24-hour recall method of in-depth interview to obtain information from participants on their intake of foods on the previous day. A sample of 42 household(s) was selected randomly to assess the dietary intake. It is reported that agriculture practicing households have a mean calorie (1645.02 Kcal.) and mean protein (45.40 gms) consumption which is low when compared with wage labor category with a mean calorie of 2286.43 Kcal. and mean protein value of 57.50 gms. and with other services. A consumption unit of 2.9 indicates that ideal family size can avail the minimum requirements of balanced diet and can meet the daily average energy and protein requirements for the Indian population.

Listening skills is one of the most fundamental and important skills which can enhance speaking as well as listening skills. However, listening skills has Cinderella skills in language teaching for many years. For FL learners, listening is more difficult than reading. This challenging nature is manifest in Purdy?s (1997, p. 8) definition of listening as “active and dynamic process of attending, perceiving, interpreting, remembering, and responding to the expressed (verbal and nonverbal) needs, concerns, and information offered by other human beings.” The capability to grasp spoken language encompasses complicated, immediate and concurrent processing of various sorts of information. To apprehend spoken language, one is required to organize sounds, vocabulary, grammatical constructions, and prior knowledge (Vandergrift, 1999). Many experts acknowledge the challenging nature of listening (Vogely, 1999; Gonen, 2009).The present study tries to indicate the relevant literature and study about role of transactional and interactional materials on oral productivity.

Ministry of Education (MOE) outlines the core curriculum for students who are still studying in Institutions of Higher Education (MOHE) in shaping the identity of students, including the effectiveness of the studies performed superbly in connection with extra-curricular activities. Extra-curricular activities can indirectly increase the level of self-esteem tertiary students nowadays for playing an important role in education. To foster the formation of personality and unity. As the younger generation and people in this country in the curriculum can instill feelings of goodwill, unity, national integration and inculcating good values while participating in these activities. In accordance with the core curriculum to develop human capital to establish the effectiveness of the self-esteem of students. This study shows that extra-curricular activities provide efficacy against identity university students nowadays.

Low productivity of tef in Horro Guduru Wollega region is mainly attributed to lack of new technology and poor agronomic practices. Broad cast method of sowing has been pre dominantly used in the past and new agronomic practices should be placed to increase the productivity of the crop. An experiment was conducted at Shambu Agricultural Research Sites of Harato and Guduru animals’ production research center during 2015 main growing season to determine the appropriate intra row spacing and fertilizer rate on growth and yield of tef. The experiment was consisted of three intra row spacing (5cm, 10cm and 15cm) and four fertilizer rate (25kg, 50kg, and 75kg N/ha) and the field was laid out as randomized complete block design with replicated three time at each location. At both locations the growth and yield parameters of quincho variety was revealed significant difference. The wider plant spacing (15cm) and the higher application of nitrogen fertilizer (55kg N/ha) on the tef crop was produced highest number of tiller (10.25) and (13.31) at Harato and Guduru sites, respectively. But higher amount of tillers didn’t result more productivity. The highest grain yield of 17.9 quintal per hectares was obtained when 5cm intra row spacing and 45kg N/ha fertilizer used at Guduru and Harato research sites. Higher numbers of plants per hectares were given more yields. This study revealed that the optimum intra row spacing and fertilizer were found to be 5cm and 45kgN/ha for both locations.

Maize is one of the cereals crop dominantly grown in tropic and mainly used as food for human being, feed for live stock and the by product also used for construction and fuel. Common bean crop is one of the pulse crop highly cultivated around the low land areas of tropics. Afield experiment was conducted in Guduru animal production research site, during 2015 cropping season to determine the effect of varieties and intra row spacing of common bean intercropped with maize on growth and yield component of the associated crops. Maize variety 540 at 100% (44,444 plants ha-1) was intercropped with four varieties of common bean (Ibbado, Omo, Nasire and Tibe) in a factorial combination with three intra row spacing (5cm, 10cm and 15cm) of the recommended sole common bean and maize. The field was laid out as randomized complete block design with three replications. Common bean varieties were significantly (p< 0.01) affected on ear length, dry biomass, and grain yield and harvest index of the associated maize. Intra row spacing was shown significant effect (p<0.05) on days to 50% tessling, leaf area, dry biomass, grain yield and harvest index of maize crop intercropped with common bean. The highest grain yield (2597.5kg/ha-1) was recorded when maize intercropped with common bean variety of Nasire at 5cm intra row spacing. While the interaction effect was significant effect on plant height, number of ear per plant, and thousand seed weight of maize crop. The main effect of common bean varieties had significant (p<0.01) effect on days to 50% flowering, Plant height, Number of branches, number of seed per pods, dry biomass, grain yield and harvest index when intercropped with maize. The intra row spacing of common bean was shown significant (p<0.05) differences on plant height, number of seed per pods, dry biomass, grain yield and harvest index of common bean intercropped with maize. Interaction effect was significant differences on days to 90% maturity, leaf area index, number of pods per plant, thousand seed weight of common bean intercropped with maize. The highest grain yield (2256kg/ha-1) was recorded when common bean varieties of Nasire intercropped with maize at intra row spacing of 5cm. The main effect of varieties and intra row spacing and interaction were significant (p<0.05) differences on total land equivalent ratio and total growth monetary value. The highest total LER (2.03) and (2.01) was observed when Omo variety of common bean intercropped with maize at intra row spacing of 5cm. The highest total GMV of (23102.1 ETB ha- 1) and (23471.9 ETB ha-1) were recorded when maize intercropped with bean variety of Nasire at intra row of 5cm. While the lowest total GMV (21,123.93kgha-1) was obtained when Tibe variety of common bean was intercropped with maize at 15cm intra row spacing. Therefore, maize (100%) intercropped with common bean variety of Nasire at 5cm intra row spacing was recommended for intercropping in the study area. However, the experiment has to be repeated across locations and over the growing seasons with consideration of farmer’s preference of the common bean varieties to reach at conclusive recommendation were significantly affected by the interaction.

Nowadays traffic are very high near the signals to overcome long time IR sensors are used. These IR sensors are placed near the junction it senses the heavy traffic in that signals switches to green to make move on that heavy traffic vehicles. By implementing this the wastage of time can be reduced on the roads.

At maternity, the systematic approach is undoubtedly one of the main pillars of quality of care. Without it the caregiver can not claim to achieve the maximization of the quality of care. The aim of this quantitative study, is to describe the nursing care provided to women who have given birth in the immediate postpartum period at maternity level in Morocco. Results from the self-administered nurse questionnaire and observations of postpartum care, revealed deficiencies in nurses knowledge of the care approach, a lack of use of a supportive care plan Postpartum and a practice of care without planning or evaluation. 

The objective of our study was to search for the ultrasonographic afflictions of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints notably ultrasonographic synovitis , intra articular liquid accumulations , cartilaginous vascularisation as well as bone erosion and to compare them with the clinical aspects ( pain , swelling , limitations of mobility ) . MATERIALS AND METHODS : It was a transverse study ,comprising exclusively the cases of JIA corresponding to the criteria of ILAR 2001 . All the patients were clinically examined to look for pain , synovitis or articular limitations. Linear sound echography ( 14 MHz ) with doppler power , was used . The OMERACT criteria were utilised for evaluating the ultrasonograhic synovitis ; The software SPSS21 was employed as test statistic. RESULTS : 34 patients were included , with 612 joints . The mean age was 10,80 ± 3,29 . Total number of painful articulations of 31 ( 94% ) ; synovitic articulations was 4 ( 12 % ) ; total number of ultrasonography synovitis was 110 ( 18 %). In patients with normal clinical examination, ultrasound showed abnormalities in 159 (27 %) joints , the most frequent localization was at the MTP joints in 86 ( 54% ) p < 0,001.Presence subclinical synovitis for 73 ( 66 %) p< 0,001 . CONCLUSION : Our study detected subclinical synovitis ;this study suggests that ultrasound is an important supplement to clinical examination and should be performed in a systematic way to evaluate the activity of the disease. 

The objectives were to determine the DAS28 Us and DAS28 DP , to compare it with DAS28 standard and establish its influence in the assessment of the activity of the rheumatoid arthritis . Materiels and methods : The DAS28 US and DAS28DP were calculated from the four parameters (articular index, mode B or Doppler power synovial index detected in relation to the 28 joints intended for the DAS28 standard , Patient Global Visual Analogue Scale , ESR ). The examination evaluated the ultrasound synovitis and the Power Doppler activity according to the criteria OMERACT. Results: 37 patients of the average age of 50 years ±11 were enrolled. The duration of the evolution was 7,40±0,72 . There was an average correlation between DAS28 standard and the number of the synovitis modeB (r=0,43; p=0,01 )(table 3) . Conclusion: Our study revealed the subclinical synovitis in 41% of the cases. This study showed a strong correlation between the standard DAS28 and the US and DP ultrasounds DAS28. 35% of patients who were reported in clinical remission were reconsidered ill after ultrasound tests. Thus, this study suggests that the ultrasound scores as DAS28US and DAS28DP could be used in clinical practice to evaluate the rheumatoid arthritis activity.

Aims: to determine the prevalence of different ultrasound lesions ( synovial hypertrophy, effusion synovial ,bone erosion, enthesopathy , tendinopathy, osteophytes ) of the hip among patients with rheumatoid arthritis ; to compare these ultrasound lesions of the hip with clinical and biological parameters . Materials and methods: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis were included according to the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria. The evaluation scores as (Disease Activity Score 28, Heath Assessment Questionnaire) were collected. Ultrasound explorations were performed bilaterally on the hip, according to recommended and appropriate techniques. Examination sought synovial hypertrophy, effusion synovial, bone erosion, enthesopathy, tendinopathy, bursitis, osteophytes. Results: The study included 37 patients, with the average age of 50.30 ± 11 years. A total of 73 hips were explored using ultrasound. During the inclusion of patients, we obtained the frequency of current spontaneous coxo-femoral joint pain, peri coxo-femoral joint pain , limitation of hip , respectively 7(10%) , 4(5%) and 5(7%). For ultrasound data ,the frequency of synovial hypertrophy , effusion joints , and bone erosions were respectively represented in 17(23%) , 12(16%) and 2(3%). Conclusion: Our study revealed 14% of ultrasound abnormalities despite how normal the clinical examinations were. This study suggests that ultrasound is a complement to the clinical examination and it would be desirable to conduct more researches for the evaluation of the Doppler activity in the hips. 

Pleomorphic adenoma is a benign mixed tumor, which is composed of myoepithelial and epithelial cells. A fibrous capsule separates these cells from the surrounding tissues. Pleomorphic adenoma has unusual histopathologic features. It is the most common benign tumor affecting both major and minor salivary glands. Parotid salivary gland is affected mostly in the major group, and palate is the most common site affected in minor salivary glands. In this case report, a female patient aged 27 years who reported with a complaint of painless swelling in the right palate is presented.

Overlay text brings important semantic clues in video content analysis such as video information retrieval and summarization, since the content of the scene or the editor's intention can be well represented by using inserted text. Most of the previous approaches to extracting overlay text from videos are based on low-level features, such as edge, color, and texture information. However, existing methods experience difficulties in handling texts with various contrasts or inserted in a complex background. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to detect and extract the overlay text from the video scene. Based on our observation that there exist transient colors between inserted text and its adjacent background, a transition map is first generated. Then candidate regions are extracted by a reshaping method and the overlay text regions are determined based on the occurrence of overlay text in each candidate. In this paper represents comparative approach between edge and change in intensity models that are computationally fast and invariant to basic transformations like horizontal, Vertical and scaling. We demonstrate that change in intensity context can be used to detect overlay text regions. Intensity context describes all boundary points of the shape with respect to any single boundary point.

A design and development of a simple monopole antenna based on metamaterial resonators for multiband operation is presented. The antenna operates in the frequency range of 2.97 GHz to 4.25GHz, 4.6 GHz to 5.24 GHz, 7.15 GHz to 10.41GHz, with impedance bandwidth of 35.45%, 13.01% and 37.13%, respectively. The split ring resonators (SRR) acts as metamaterial resonators which are embedded on the planar monopole that resonates for multiple frequency bands. The antenna shows the good impedance matching and radiation performance. The measured result is agreed well with the simulated result. The proposed antenna finds their application in the different wireless communications such as Wi-MAX, Wi-Fi and Satellite Communication.

Parenting plays a very important role in developing personalities of their children. It is like a long term investment in which parents should not force their children to do well in their own life. Parents should know that their children came into the beautiful life with their own temperaments and should recognize that they have their own interests. Parental pressure affects the personality and self esteem of the adolescents. Personality is the unique characteristic of the individual and due to differences in personalities the person is different from others in terms of temperament, coping strategies, emotions etc. Self esteem means the person’s faith on self. It is the feeling of an individual that one has about himself or herself. The aim of the present investigation is to study the perceived parental pressure in relation to personality and self esteem. Sample was randomly selected from different streams (arts, commerce and science) of 11th standard of various Government senior secondary schools of Chandigarh. The sample was then administered on perceived parental pressure inventory – PPPI (Thara Sebastain, 1997), NEO-FFI (Costa & McCrae, 1992) and self esteem scale (Rosenberg, 1965). For the analysis of data descriptive statistics, correlation, ANOVA and regression were used.The calculated value shows that there were significant gender differences in the perceived parental pressure, agreeableness, conscientiousness, overall personality and self esteem. It was also revealed that there was negative and significant relationship between perceived parental pressure and agreeableness, perceived parental pressure and conscientiousness and between perceived parental pressure and self esteem. Analysis of variance describes the significant interaction of gender and academic interest in perceived parental pressure, personality and self esteem.

In present times, focus on herbal research has increased worldwide. Urariapictais an important medicinal herb that is extensively used in dasamula and is becoming popular. Flavanoids, alkaloids and pterocarpans are the key constituents of Urariapictaand mainly alleged for its broad beneficial actions. Other than for given treatments, the herb is suggested as remedy for a variety of other ailments. The present review is an effort to provide complete information on Phytochemicals screening, traditional uses and pharmacology relating to preclinical studies.

The wide application of organotin compounds have caused considerable amounts of these compounds to enter the different ecosystems. Organotins have been of environmental concerns due to their direct introduction into the environment, bioaccumulation, and toxicities even to non-target organisms both aquatic and terrestrial. They are notable sources of pollution and may be of ecotoxicological effects on the various ecosystems. It is not only the particular organisms that may be affected but the whole ecosystems. They are very persistent and bioavailable to biota even after a long time. The persistence of organotins in polluted ecosystem is a function of adsorption and degradation processes. Hence, this review which aim at providing an overview of the environmental persistence of organotin compounds.

There is a growing necessity of transition metal oxide thin film for many important technological applications such as smart windows gas sensors, solar cells, super capacitors etc. Among the other transition metal oxides, ruthenium oxide is a potential material as it exhibits interesting structural, optical, chemical, electrical properties. In this investigation ruthenium oxide thin films have been synthesized using spin coating technique. Here ruthenium oxide thin films have been deposited on stainless steel substrate by sol-gel spin coating method. Thin film properties of deposited samples were studied by XRD, SEM, FTIR, EDAX. AFM. The cyclic voltammetry study and chronopotentiometry was carried out with 0.1M KOH electrolyte to study the supercapacitor properties

We are very happy to announce that from 5th May 2017, Dr. Nikkoo N. Khalsa has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Electronics and Communication Engineering. Dr. Nikkoo N. Khalsa working as Assistant Professor in Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering at Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research, Badnera. The appointment of Dr. Nikkoo N. Khalsa as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

Table of contents for the month of May 2017