Archives-May 2015

The United Nations Charter and the actual practice of states in the past years have stressed on the importance of the role of regional organizations in maintaining international peace and security. On the other hand, The United Nations and the Security Council alone cannot deal with international crises. Thus, the cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations could solve regional and even global crises. Middle East is of strategic importance because of the historical and cultural background and having oil reserves. This area has been the center of major crisis in two the past decades. Experience has shown that the presence of trans-regional powers or building up international coalitions in the absence of regional powers will not help to resolve the crisis in the region. Considering the accepted roles of regional organizations in maintaining international peace and security in the region by the UN Charter, using the potential of regional organizations such as the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf, the Arab League, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation seems necessary. However, due to the inefficiency of some of these organizations, the establishment of regional organizations with special competence in the area of peace and security in the Middle East could also be pursued by region countries.

The devolved system of governance should not instill a change dilemma in the Kenyan people. It is evident that devolution is likely to be met with resistance from leaders and other members. It is also evident that devolution may intensify inequalities among communities in Kenya since some regions have more natural resources endowed than others Devolution may also be a transfer of the evils committed at the central system of government like corruption and misappropriation of funds to devolved systems. Ultimately, leadership should embrace reducing change resistance methodologies of building trust in the people involved in devolution, discuss upcoming changes, avoid threats in initiating change and involves all stakeholders in implementation devolution for successful implementation of the new structure of governance. The national and county levels should embrace optimum utilization of natural and human resource, focused strategy planning, aggressive resource mobilization and financial planning management. In addition each level of government should exercise integrity and respect constitutional, functional status and government institutions at various levels. Finally, different levels of the devolved structure have an obligation to build on their strengths and opportunities while seeking to eliminate weakness found and boldly face their threats.

Now a day’s large volume og information is available online. An efficient and effective management of the information on the web is not only valuable to individual users but also to business organizations, especially for decision making purposes. Here challenging task is amongst available information on the web finding business values. The signi?cance of organizations information depends on the applications that deal with it. An organization allows the customer to query online published products information and collects their reviews about the products. XML guarantee about those features of business functions including integration, intelligence and reuse of the content. To complete XML assurance it is very important to maintain XML documents properly. In this paper provides discussion and comparison of various commercial tools and database management systems to create, store, maintain, and query XML documents.

The linear and mass attenuation coefficients have been estimated for four selected Ghanaian hardwood species namely Kroma (Klainedoxa gabonensis), Potrodom (Erythrophleum africanum), Dahoma (Piptadenia africana) and Odum (Milicia excelsa), using a selection of eight X-ray qualities with tube voltages ranging from 34 kV to 150 kV generated by a Philips MG324 Constant Potential X-ray Generator. For Kroma of average density, 1055.7 kg m-3, the mass attenuation coefficients range from 1.52 ± 0.05E-6 to 5.29 ± 0.05E-6 m2 kg-1. For Potrodom of average density, 1013.0 kg m-3, the mass attenuation coefficients range from 1.53 ± 0.05E-6 to 4.06 ± 0.05E-6 m2 kg-1. For Dahoma of average density, 785.5 kg m-3, the mass attenuation coefficients range from 1.35 ± 0.05E-6 to 3.94 ± 0.05E-6 m2 kg -1. For Odum of average density, 582.3 kg m-3, the mass attenuation coefficients range from 1.54 ± 0.05E-6 to 5.41 ± 0.05E-6 m2 kg -1. Experimental results show that for both high and medium filtered X-ray spectra, Kroma has the highest linear attenuation coefficient and is therefore, the most efficient attenuator, followed by Potrodom, Dahoma and then Odum. Half and tenth-value layers of Kroma and Potrodom have been found to be comparable to that of gypsum wallboard, a material of approximate density, 700 kg m-3 intermittently used for shielding against scatter radiation in some medical X-ray diagnostic facilities. Furthermore, X-ray attenuation characteristics of Kroma and Potrodom compare well with that of gypsum wallboard, thereby rendering it a suitable alternative shielding material that could be considered in low-level X-ray applications such as in dentistry and mammography in Ghana.

In order to manufacture any product at desired quality of machining, optimum parameters are to be selected for machining. The aim of the present work is to optimization of the process parameters (Cutting Speed, Feed, Depth of cut) for machining the Bearing cap having interrupted cuts. Computer Aided Mass Balancing (CAMB) methodology is used for determining the counterweight for rotary fixture. The performance characteristics are studied by using the orthogonal array, signal-to-noise ratio, and the ANOVA from Taguchi method for interrupted cuts of boring operation and effect of Cutting force for balanced and unbalanced rotary fixture.

Umbilical Endometriosis is very rare condition, and its incidence is 0.5-1%. Endometriosis is a common gynecological condition seen in reproductive age group and represents about 15-22%.Extra pelvic site of lesion is very rare. The diagnosis is confirmed by histopathological examination after Surgical excision of the lesion.

The triangle wave averaging multiplier is reformed and designed using operational amplifiers. The input voltages V1 and V2 are added with a reference triangle wave of peak value VT, to get a voltage VX. The triangle wave is added with one input voltage V1 and subtracted with another input voltage V2, to get a voltage VY. The voltage VX is positive rectified and its average voltage VA is obtained though a low pass filter. The voltage VY is negative rectified and its average voltage VB is obtained through another low pass filter. A summing amplifier is used to get VA-VB-V1. The output voltage of this summing amplifier is the output voltage VO which is proportional to the product of the two input voltages. The peak value VT of the triangular wave is the proportional constant and it should be stable and precession. Verification of feasibility of circuit configuration is established by way of test results on a proto type.

This paper presents application of artificial immune system for economic dispatch problem of thermal plants. Numerical results of various test systems have been presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm. In human body the immune system finds virus or bacteria and destroys it. Similarly this technique works. The results achieved from the proposed algorithm are compared with those obtained from differential evolution, particle swarm optimization, PSO Crazy, and GA technique. An artificial immune system is a search technique used in computing to find true or approximate solution to optimization and search problems.

The application of artificial neural network (ANN) methodology for modeling flood prediction for a large size catchment of the river Jhelum in Jammu and Kashmir (India) is presented. Development of flood prediction models for river Jhelum, flowing through the Srinagar city (J and K ) based on the tail side discharge of upstream tributaries is studied because major inundation caused due to the floods in river Jhelum occurs in the highly populated and largely developing city of Srinagar. The 22 years data records between the years 1990-2012 were used and ANN technique along with conventional regression analysis was employed. The performance was compared based on statically parameters root mean squared error (RMSE), mean square error (MSE), coefficient of determination (R2) and absolute average deviation (AAD) values. NNtp model emerged as the best model with the highest value of R2 compared to other models as 0.93, value of MSE and RMSE being the least as 0.008 and 0.09 respectively. The study proved ANNs to be much better in predicting the flood discharge when judged on all the above parameters. It also showed that transfer function tan-sig performs better than pure-lin in the networks developed for flood prediction. The flood discharge could be thus predicted at least a day before the discharge reaches the station with a high predictability based on the ANN model NNtp.

Strangulation is a form of violent asphyxial death and majority of cases are homicidal in nature. This report illustrates an unusual cause of accidental strangulation death of 44 years old female caused due to chunni (a piece of cloth worn around the neck by most Indian women) being caught in moving sugarcane crusher. She was immediately taken to the emergency department of PGIMS Rohtak, where a few hours later she was declared dead, despite all the resuscitation and IVF/drugs. In summary, this case exemplifies the unsuspected inherent danger of wearing long scarf (chunni) while working with machinery.