Archives-May 2014

Abstract Sound symbolism is the term for a hypothesized systematic relationship between sound and meaning (Hinton, Nichols, & Ohala 1994). There has been considerable speculation and anecdotal evidence on this point from ancient times up to the present time (de Brosses 1765; Jespersen 1933). Reportedly, this correspondence between sound structure and meaning of words has been suggested to facilitate language acquisition and the process of word learning in both children and adults. With this in mind, the present study investigates the influences made by the relation between sound structure and meaning of the words in English – sound symbolism – on Iranian IELTS candidates' vocabulary learning and application, after being exposed to phonosemantic characteristics of words in English. A number of 60 male and female learners were randomly chosen and divided into experimental and control groups. Both groups were asked to fill out a questionnaire consisting of 40 questions, containing must-learn vocabularies for the test, in two levels of post-test and pre-test. Comparison between the results of pre-test and post-test of the experimental and control groups indicated that this non-arbitrary relationship between sound and meaning and learners’ awareness does influence the vocabulary learning and category distinction abilities of Iranian IELTS candidates extensively. 

Mary Shelley, the daughter of “two persons of distinguished literary celebrity” - Mary Wollstonecraft, author of A Vindication of Rights of Man, and William Godwin, author of Caleb William – was a 19th century writer. Her first novel Frankenstein is a gothic story about the creation of a monster, produced by an unconventional and unorthodox scientific experiment. It represents the author's notions of life, humanity and the society of her own time. It is suggested that the story has hues of Mary Shelley’s own life. Much has been discussed on her feministic view in the theme of novel, but little attention has been given to the reflection of her own travels which molds the setting of the story. Mary Shelley traveled widely in her lifetime and used to keep journals and letters of her travels as a tourist; Shelley’s letters showcase her friends and family, her cares and concerns, her daily life and her life as a romantic author. The primary focus of the present study is on the elements of tourism which comprise the setting of the story and help to create the theme and atmosphere of a story in which theme and setting are interwoven and function as a character throughout the novel. This character represents the life of the author as a tourist.

Language serves as an appropriate medium of interaction for society and society is a matrix in which the language is emerged; therefore, they have very close relationships. The terms bilingualism, language shift, language choice can indicate that in certain conditions different varieties of language are used. The way society members choose varieties of a language or switch toward another code can determine the influence of social factors on language choice (Freidoni, Jahandideh 2010) . It is a fact that only a minority of the third generation (grandchildren) of the people who migrate to a new society maintain bilingual; since it is a predominant pattern by the third generation to use- only- the spoken language of that particular community. However, it seems to be of a different case with the Armenians in Iran. Iran as a multilingual society is a suitable community in which the different varieties of language are used to serve different functions. Isfahan, one of the Iranian provinces, is a good representative of multilingualism in Iran; after Tehran, Isfahan has got the second rank regarding the density of Armenian population. After approximately 400 years of the arrival of their first generation to Iran, we can still see that Armenian people remain bilingual. According to our data analysis and the results obtained from questionnaires – distributed among 60 participants from three different generations – the major factor which keeps Armenians from moving away from their ethnicity, culture and language is their prejudice towards the factors above.

This article aims to identify the impact of the course the School-Based Assessment (SBA) against the level of understanding of teachers Living Skills in secondary schools for producing management system SBA that efficiently and effectively. School-Based Assessment (SBA) implemented in phases starting in early 2011 was a transformation in the education system to develop human capital in a holistic manner with emphasize the mastery of knowledge, intellectual capital, and the adoption of a progressive culture that values, ethics and morality. To meet this educational transformation, the Teacher Education Division has provided appropriate training programs and sufficient for increasing understanding among teachers in the management of SBA. For manage the school-based assessment, teachers must understand how SBA implementation carried out can be planned, administered, give scores, and reported in a systematic manner in accordance with procedures prescribed by the Malaysian Examinations Board (MMB). Through a strong understanding can help teachers implement assessment tasks properly and efficiently in increasing the effectiveness of teaching. This article provides information on the analysis of the level of understanding living skills teachers was attending a SBA course so as to create an efficient management assessment. Analysis of information and data obtained from 14 secondary schools in the District of Jasin, Melaka.

Every software company has its own set of guidelines that increases code readability, reuse and helps in its storage in organized storage structure .These guidelines also help in the determination of various attributes of code such as complexity, duplicity, warnings, memory leaks, coverage etc. However coding guidelines/approaches as such are not present in the field of academics. Scholars of educational institutions generally concentrate mostly on logic (brute force quality approach) while coding, against writing documentable clean code or understanding code’s attributes. Also end evaluation/delivery in a software company is dependent on clean code with various attributes such scenario is not possible in academic framework all together and mostly is done manually. The paper tries to bridge this gap by analyzing the role of an organized code creation model and its effect on various stakeholders in academic Eco-system and suggesting one such open source Code Guideline Model OCG and providing its implementation through a template.

This paper presents an optimum design technique of broadband two elements Yagi array antenna. The optimization parameter for the proposed antenna is the impedance bandwidth using appropriate dimensions of ground plane and in Yagi array, dipole is replace by patch, all element design in form patch. In this paper we observed effect with and without ground plane on impedance bandwidth. Appropriate Spacing is used between elements; all elements designed on scale of reflector, the proposed antenna can be used for C-Band application. For validation of proposed geometry IE3D Simulator is used.

Customer seeks satisfaction not on individual basis but on societal basis, consumer behavior is much more influenced by brand tribe to which he/she belongs. Similarly, since 1990s topic of loyalty has gained escalating importance especially in marketing activities and management applications. The importance of loyalty is emerging from decisions of customers regarding goods and services. Firms that are successful in generating customer loyalty have competitive advantage among their rivals. Likewise fresh research has drawn attention that brand tribalism (group of people around a brand with shared passion and emotion) affects the consumer behavior. Therefore, this research study aims to analyze the influences of Brand tribalism on loyalty through customer satisfaction and to examine the ultimate effect on word-of-mouth recommendation behavior and brand repurchase intentions. Customer loyalty is universally important for all the firms however the advancement in this area varies among different economies. Loyalty, a major theme in marketing research, has become an essential concern for managers, and a strategic obsession for many. This increasing concern has mainly been due to intense competition. Brand tribalism and its impact on customer loyalty have not been researched in domestic context of Pakistan, especially in the automobile sector, so in this study investigation is applied to five leading car brands of Pakistan. It is found that satisfaction is influenced by brand tribalism and it has quite noteworthy and significant impact on the customer loyalty. In addition brand tribalism is another important source of generating word of mouth recommendations by the loyal customer and he/she has the repurchase intentions too.

Information literacy is an essential competence for the contemporary information society. An information literate person knows why and how to use information for achieving the purposes, and act ethically. In order to further understand the information literacy of undergraduates and establish the base for the practice strategy promoting undergraduates' information literacy, the self-made "Questionnaire of Undergraduates' Information Literacy" is used in the study. The quantitative responses were analyzed by SPSS. The Cronbach's reliability coefficient of the scale was 0.875. In light of the results of the analysis, the undergraduates’ level of information literacy is on the intermediate. The ability of undergraduates to find, seek, assess and use information effectively is fairly good. During the processing of learning, information literate undergraduates should improve the efficiency in the way handle information.

This research was built to investigate the main role of phosphorylated sol-gel (PSG) to reduce the ignition problems of polyester fabric. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the un-treated and treated samples were investigated. PSG material was played as protective shielding coat and improved the thermal behavior. FTIR analysis of the treated sample showed that there is a sort of interaction between the molecules of PSG and the fabric. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) for the lowest oxygen concentration needed to start the ignition showed also an improvement in the ignition retarding behavior due to this treatment. To increase the affinity of fibers towards PSG, the fabric surface was exposed to UV/Ozone for different periods. Exposuring samples for 90 min showed the best results comparing to other samples (irradiated for UV/Ozone for 0, 30 and 125 min). Ignition behavior (UL/94) was also applied on samples by using the flame chamber for determining the rate of burning. The results of UL/94 (according to ISO 3795) confirmed the ignition behavior results produced from the LOI

In recent years,tribal livelihood has encountered various problems due to economic-social changes in the country,droughts,lack of water and loss of pastures. The purpose of this research is survey of economy and tribal livelihood by emphasis on Qlkhany tribe in sarpolezahab city.the method of the research has been documentary,library and field study.in analysis of data used Excel and Spss software.research population was 270 households of Qlkhany tribe that migrate to sarpolezahab city in winter season.from this households 100 family chose as sample.the purpose of this research was survey of economy and Qlkhany tribe livelihood.the result of this research indicates economic situation of Qlkhany tribe is not good and they are a poor tribal community economically.the rate of life satisfaction is average and the number of livestock is declining due to drought and economic hardship.the men have left the jobs and they engage to worker and pastoral in the surrounding villages and towns.