Archives-May 2012

This study sets out to examine the stylistic strategies in George Orwell’s Animal Farm. It set out also to look at the concept of ‘style’ as it is employed by George Orwell to drive home his message. This study set out also to examine using the approaches found relevant by the researchers, especially those that found favour within the systemic functional linguistic circle. This study examines as well, style as linguistic choice as employed by George Orwell in the text Animal Farm by making the different characters in the story behaving like human beings who happen to have the same nature as animals. All these will be examined by the researchers

The notion of --closed set was introduced and studied by R. Devi, V. Kokilavani and P. Basker [2]. In this paper, we introduce the concept of a -sets and studied the associated separation axioms.

Magnetic bearing centrifugal pumps are the latest model of artificial hearts for long-term use. The impeller is the only moving part in these pump which can leads to lower blood damage due to travel through the pump. In this paper computational fluid dynamics as an advanced tool is employed to simulate blood dynamics in a magnetic bearing centrifugal pump. Different simulations are performed for various ranges of device speeds (2000, 3000 and 4000 rpm) and various flow rates (1, 2,3,5,7 and 9 ). As a main performance of the pump, hydraulic pressure rise is investigated. The results show that the pump can generate sufficient pressure due to different physiological activities. Also shear stress distribution specified that stress around the pump’s blades (high potential regions for blood damage) is less than 98 pa which is much lower than critical stress for blood pumps.

This paper has attempted to provide estimates of the size of the underground economy and estimated tax evasion in Ghana from 1990 to 2010 which have received little consideration. The Stock-Watson DOLS estimate for currency demand was employed. Our estimates suggest that underground economy is quite large accounting for about 48% of the official economy on the average. These results are consistent with the stylised fact about the Ghanaian economy, in particular the large number of persons employed in small business and trading versus the number of tax returns filed on an annual basis and also claiming to have incomes way below taxable levels. The estimated evaded tax ranges from 4% to about 14% of the official economy and higher budgetary supports and loans contracted in a year. The implication is that any success made in reducing such leakages may have positive effect on fiscal and monetary policy.

Electrical properties of sugarcane stalks were studied in order to develop a rapid and non-destructive assessment technique and to determine the mass of sugarcane stalks. A 5 V sine wave AC power supply and a rectangular parallel plate capacitor sample were used to span the difference in capacitance caused by the insertion of sugarcane stalks between the plates. To remove the effect of air gap between the plates, an equivalent capacitor was derived. The correlation between mass of sugarcane stalks and output voltage from the device for each sample was investigated. Experiments indicated a high correlation between mass and output voltage for each sample of sugarcane stalks and a quadratic trend line was best fitted to the data. The coef?cient of determination (R2) between actual mass and presented voltage was 0.955. For testing results, the coef?cient of determination (R2) of mass prediction was obtained as 0.969. This method can con?dently predict the mass of sugarcane stalks and it can be used in different machines and agricultural mechanism.

Ketoprofen, an anti-inflammatory drug, exhibits poor water solubility and flow properties, poor dissolution and poor wetting. Consequently, the aim of this study was to improve the dissolution of ketoprofen. Microparticles containing ketoprofen were produced by spray drying and spray chilling technology to enhance dissolution rate. The prepared formulations were evaluated for in vitro dissolution and solubility. The produced drug particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Dissolution profile of the spray dried micropartical was compared with chilled spray micropartical, pure sample and recrystallized sample. Spray dried micropartical exhibited decreased crystallinity, but for spray chilled particles there was evidence of polymorphic changes in the drug and improved micromeritic properties. The dissolution of the Spray dried micropartical was improved compared with spray chilling micropartical, recrystallized and pure sample. Consequently, it is believed that spray drying of Ketoprofen is a useful tool to improve wettability, solubility and hence the dissolution behavior of poorly water soluble drugs, in contrast to spray chilling technique.

This paper is the outcome of my two months intensive and in-depth field work conducted in two multi-caste villages of Belgaum District of North Karnataka. The aim of this paper is to know the importance of Reproductive Health hazards of Farm Women Labourers who hails from different socio-economic background and deprived of basic health facilities. World Health Organization (W.H.O.) has defined Health as a “state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity” (W.H.O. 1948). The Webser dictionary defines health as “the condition of being sound in body, mind or spirit especially freedom from physical disease or pain”. Health to all is the prime motto of W.H.O.

The reduction of fix and variable costs has significant impacts on proper machinery management. To measure the effects of new machinery management on fuel and oil consumption, a study was conducted using empirical data on eight Massey Ferguson 399 model agricultural tractors at Amir-Kabir agro-industry, Iran in 2011. The performance of Nano?-Diamond additive oil was compared with conventional oils. Results were shown that naturally low coefficient of friction combined with excellent chemical inertness made these additives very attractive in a wide range of applications in engine oils. Also, results shown : 21% and 25% reduction in fuel and oil consumption, respectively where Nano?-Daimond additives was applied in oil and consequently a reduction of pollution was measured on engine exhausts. The use of Nano?-Daimond oil shown a better performance for the reduction of fuel and oil on tractor engines’ costs by 14% where compared to the conventional oil.?

This research investigates the impact of organizational culture on employee retention with special reference to Al-Dhahirah region (Sultanate of Oman). No doubt there is a horde of potential candidates available for banking sector but this is veracity that highly skilled and experienced professionals are limited. For this reason banks are facing setback in finding these professionals and if they find then real challenge comes across that is to retain them. In Omani job market, there is a shortage of highly skilled professional in banking sector that leads to an increased probability of turnover of highly skilled employees. Since Omanization is in practice in Sultanate of Oman, banks have to depend upon local banking professionals only. This dependency creates an intricacy in arranging professional people for banking sector. An attractive salary is not the only factor that can retain employees for a longer span of time in the same bank but organizational culture is a hardcore factor to retain employees. This is a quantitative research being done by surveys in Al- Dhahirah region (containing 3 cities and dozens of small towns & villages). For data collection, 120 respondents are selected through random sampling method. This research explores six key factors of organizational culture that contribute to employee retention in banking sector. These factors are career opportunity, work autonomy, fair pay, recognition for job, challenging job and work-life balance. According to findings of this investigation, employees are not much satisfied with prevailing organizational culture in the banks and investigation revealed that they have a high tendency to switchover the job and pertaining low level of satisfaction with organizational culture. Research indicates that the work-life balance is maintained and employees are pretty satisfied in this regard whereas employees are not much satisfied with rest of five factors of organizational culture. It is recommended for higher management of banking sector that they will have to focus more on these five factors to develop an attractive organizational culture in the banking sector that will help retain employees for a long term.

Governments all over the world rely on revenues majorly generated from variety of taxes in order to meet their numerous fiscal expenditures. The practice of tax evasion and tax avoidance has bedeviled the tax system of Pakistan since 1947. So this research is conducted in order to identify the nature, causes and magnitude of tax evasion and tax avoidance along with their social, economic and political impacts especially in context of economy of Pakistan. The integrated approach has been used in order to answer the objectives of this study. Study reveals that tax evasion and avoidance both leading to fiscal deficit and foreign debt in Pakistan; however, tax evasion is most important. The estimations of tax evasion and tax avoidance are not reliable on account of different assumptions and ambiguous methodologies. Our research deals only with the conditions prevailing in Pakistan so results cannot be generalized. Moreover, instead of using estimates of tax evasion or avoidance we have used indicators of tax evasion an avoidance to determine their magnitude.