Archives-March 2017

In the present investigation an attempt was made to test the antibacterial activity in the coelomic fluid of the epigeic species of earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae and the anecic species of earthworm, Polypheretima elongata. The Eudrilus eugeniae was collected from Selvam Vermicomposting farm, Udumalpet, Tamil Nadu, India. Likewise, the Polypheretima elongata was also collected from the soil of National college campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. Both worms were identified by following standard taxonomical key characters. After identification, both worms were cultured under favorable laboratory condition for 30 days providing the food material consisting of 50% predeomposed organic waste and 50% predecomposed cow dung in separate cement tanks. At the end of 30 days a pool of 20 healthy worms was selected from both cultures for the extraction of coelomic fluid. Later on, the fluid was extracted by electric shock method employing 9 volt electrode. The extracted coelomic fluid (100%) was used to test the antibacterial activity against two gram positive bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and one gram negative bacterium namely E.coli. Among the selected bacterial strains, the coelomic fluid of Eudrlus eugeniae and Polypheretima elongata showed the maximum inhibition zones 7.01 ± 0.28mm and 2.43 ± 0.38 mm against Staphylococcus aureus respectively when compared to inhibition zones 2.35 ± 0.31 mm and 2.28 ± 0.29 mm; 2.66 ± 0.31 mm and 1.35 ± 0.17 mm produced by Eudrilus eugeniae and Polypheretima elongata against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E.coli respectively. Besides that the coelomic fluid of Eudrilus eugeniae exhibited more inhibition activity than the zone (3.70 ± 0.13mm) produced by the positive control (standard antibiotic, penicillin) against Staphylococcus aureus. But at the same time there is no remarkable difference between the inhibition zone of the coelomic fluid of Polypheretima elongata and the positive control experiment against all the bacterial strains tested. However, the control experiment showed more inhibition zone (3.97 ± 0.24 mm) than the inhibition zone produced by the coelomic fluid of Polypheretima elongata against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. As for the present study the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus activity is highly inhibited by the coelomic fluid of both species of earthworms than the other bacterial strains tested even though there is remarkable difference in the size of zone of inhibition. The data were statistically analyzed at 5.0% level employing ANOVA.

In the present work, cost of the weld is minimized by considering the qualities of weld (strength parameters). Welded joints are prepared with Mild Steel plates and M.S electrodes. Strength properties of welded joints like tensile stress, shear stress are found by conducting experiments with Universal Testing Machine (UTM). An objective function is formulated for minimization cost in terms of geometric properties of weld, where as constraints are formulated in terms of strength properties. The optimization procedure involves the selection of the major geometric parameters such as length of weld, height of weld, depth of weld, width of weld and minimization of cost is considered as the design target. In the present work Mat Lab programs of SA and PSO are developed and executed using weld and test data and the results are compared.

The exact estimation of configuration activities on the structure is imperative in basic plan as it altogether influences the last outline and targets. Any mistake in the estimation of configuration activities may prompt to wrong after effects of auxiliary investigation on the structure and prompt to the unlikely measuring of its basic individuals or even crumple of the structure. Accordingly it is vital to represent the most antagonistic impacts of live loads on the structure. The thought of example stacking relies on upon the proportion of dead to live load and the sort of basic part. Nowadays the greater parts of the architects are not considering the distinctive live load examples to get the unfriendly impact of the structure. Considering the live load to all the section boards may not fitting to gauge the plan parameters. In this unique situation, an endeavour is required to see the impact of example live load on the structure under seismic burdens. The impact of example load might be not quite the same as uncovered edge structure and furthermore infill structures. For the present work a customary symmetrical building will be picked and the structure is stacked with various examples live stacking is dissected by utilizing reaction range technique for seismic load case with and without infill walls. A limited component programming ETABS will be utilized for the examination of structures. The conduct of the structure will be examined as far as base shear, story shear, storey floats, day and age and furthermore twisting minutes and shear drives in identified sections.

Let be a simple graph. A set is an Edge-Vertex dominating set of G (or simply an ev-Dominating set), if for all vertices , there exists an edge such that dominates . Let be the Star graph and let denote the family of all Edge-Vertex dominating sets of with cardinality . Let , be the number of Edge-Vertex dominating sets of with cardinality . In this paper, we study the concept of Edge-Vertex domination polynomials of Star graph . The Edge-Vertex Domination polynomial of is . We obtain some properties of and its coefficients. Also, we calculate the recursive formula to derive the Edge-Vertex Domination polynomials of Star graph.

This analysis investigated with the boundary layer flow and heat transfer aspects of a micropoloar nanofluid over a porous shrinking sheet with thermal radiation. The boundary layer equations governed by the partial differential equations are transformed in to a set of ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable local similarity transformations. The coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved by the implicit finite difference method along with the Thamous algorithm. Dual solutions of dimensionless velocity, angular velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are analyzed by the effect of various controlling flow parameters viz., Lewis number Le, thermophoresis Nt, Brownian motion parameter Nb, Radiation parameter R, Prandtl number Pr, material parameter K, mass suction parameter S, magnetic parameter M. Physical quantities such as skin frication coefficient, local heat, local mass fluxes are also computed and are shown in a table.

This paper aims to throw a light on the present a scenario of sustainability in India with the help of two categories of cases and data i.e. unsustainable and sustainable pertaining to the scenario of sustainability in India. These cases and data encompass individuals, groups, communities and institutions, corporate and the administrative government in India which substantiate our argument in this regard. The rationale of the methodology of studying cases is to give a bigger picture of sustainability in India with the help of these examples and to approach the question in hand both with the help of both subjective observations and objective data from the existing bodies of knowledge. Note: This work is supported by UGC under NET-JRF.

Ground water is increasingly being sought as a source of drinking water due to the scarcity, non-availability and bacteriological pollution of surface water. This paper deals in the physico-chemical characteristics of the ground water samples of tube wells of ten villages in Sardarsahar Tahsil (Churu) of Rajasthan State. The different parameters determined are pH, TDS, fluoride, chloride, total alkalinity and total hardness. It has been observed that all values are higher compared to APHA (American public Health Association), AWWA (American water work Association) and WPCF (1975). Other parameters were found within desirable limits. The high value of these parameters may have health implications, so, this ground water is not good for health and therefore, needs attention.

In this paper we introduce some properties and definition of the new integral transform, called ZZ transform. Farther, we use ZZ transform to solve systems of ordinary differential equations. The results indicate these methods to be very effective and simple.

The thin films of Ni-Phthalocyanine Tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (NiPcTs:PEDOT:PSS) blend with different (PEDOT:PSS) concentrations (0.5 ,1, 2) on glass substrates were prepared by spin coating at thickness (100 nm). The structure and surface morphology of films were studied using X-ray diffraction , atomic force microscope (AFM),Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM),and showed that there was a change and enhance in the crystallinity. Analysis of X-rays diffraction patterns of NiPc in powder form structure is polycrystalline and display a strong reflection at (100) orientation. Another peak distinguished in the XRD pattern of as-deposited which represents a reflection at (102) orientation and grain size increased with increasing (PEDOT:PSS) ,This result was supported by AFM measurements, which exhibited a larger grain size. While (SEM)is observed that the shapes of grain is fiber to nanofiber with increasing PEDOT:PSS concentration .

This study estimates Optimization Model for Balance of Trade (BOT) in Iran econometric model of Vector Autoregression (VAR) was employed for period of years (1981-2014). The results indicate that rising ratio of relative price to used cost in investment and wealth may worsen BOT while rise of real capital can lead to improvement of BOT,Shows that there was a need for implementation of economic reforms, further reduction in costs, and omission of investment controls and it requires strengthening infrastructures, encouraging for foreign investment, and increase in domestic savings to accelerate investment and accumulation of capital in Iran.