Archives-March 2017

Among the fundamental questions in the field of legal theory is that, if a set of codified rules of civil and criminal law, the Islamic Republic of Iran, based on the principles of the law of Muhammad (PBUH), developed and provided for, how emergent phenomena, after nearly fourteen centuries, can be effective ?, this research tries to study the mechanism of evolution and dynamics based on diligence in Shiite jurisprudence, methodical and comprehensive response to these questions. The meaning of "Modernization " The wide range of realistic approaches that, with dedication to understanding change and the emergence of issues rulings, and with an emphasis on how jurists predecessor, in the process of legal reasoning and reach closer to the "judgment of God", Can play a role. Consistent with the requirements of rational understanding, practice of intellectuals, of physical, sensory and significant natural and common requirements, and demands of modern life, and historical realities, with a modern and innovative approach to verbal tradition, the current version of the Infallible (AS) is one of them which, following secondary titles, may help to understand the criterion of jurisprudence, and fundamental change as a result of the passage of the law, news, and changes in the new legislation, will bring. In this paper, examples of this mechanism, with emphasis on codified rules, will be examined.

Chemical analysis of the leaf of Bryophyllym pinnanun was carried out. The moisture content and the ash content were found to be 83.91% ± 0.21 and 13.30% ± 0.41. The leave of the plant was found to contain Na, Ca, K, Mn, Mg, Fe, Cu, Cr and Zn. The level of these mineral in mg/ l00g sample were found to be 0.13% ±0.3, 599.97%, ± 24.54; 5.51% ± 0.08; 4.71% ±0.27; 247.11% ± 33.11; 6.62% ± 1.72; 82.96% ± 6.96: 60.%% ± 8.01 and 0.10% ± 0.01 respectively. The elemental analysis using sodium fusion test shows that the leave contain nitrogen, chlorine, and bromine. The present of these mineral elements in the plant could be part of the contributing factors which suggest the use of the plant for various therapeutic applications.

Today most of the world population is moving towards herbal medicines. Traditional plant medicines might offer a natural treatment to treat various human ailments. Research work goes to be focused on finding successful results on the therapeutic values of medicinal plants and also exact molecular mechanism of their action at molecular levels. The article gives an overview of Therapeutic and current status of the pharmacological perspectives of Gloriosa superba L. a member of lililaceae family, with phytochemicals present in this species were found to have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, anti-coagulant, anti-tumor, “enzyme inhibitor, and anti-venom characteristics”. Further clinical studies are necessary to increase our understanding of the links between the documented traditional uses and toxicity of G. superba, this article is aimed at compiling an up-to-date medicinal uses and poisonous properties of G. Superba over its distributional.

With the digital technology getting inexpensive and popular, there has been a tremendous increase in the volume and availability of audio through cable and Internet such as music on demand. Currently several web sites host audio and provide users with the facility to browse and watch online audio clips. Due to enhancement in technology in the recent years lots of music is available as handy media for various devices. Thus there is an urgent need of analyzing music for storage, indexing and retrieval. In this paper we aimed at classifying music on the basis of their audios. We have identified three audios for this purpose: happy, angry and sad. These cognitive styles have few things in common. Identifying and extracting these features is a challenging problem. On the basis of our observations and literature review we have identified the eight features namely energy, entropy, zero-crossing rate, spectral rolloff, spectral centroid, spectral flux, RMS of signal and MFCC. After extracting features we have used neural network based training for classification. We have used Artificial Neural Content Techniques and neural net tool for this purpose. We have populated a database of 150 songs consisting of 50 songs of each category. In this population 90 songs are used for training set and 60 for testing. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our classification system. We have obtained an overall accuracy of nearly 75%. The complete system is developed in ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK of the system.

This work entails a palynostratigraphy and palynoclimatic study of Ochigbo – 1 well, offshore Niger Delta. A total of Sixty-two (62) ditch samples were composited at intervals at an average of 100ft. The well covered total depth of 3,405-10,640ft. These samples were subjected to standard procedure for palynological study. Recovered palynomorph were rich, diverse and well preserved. The recovered palynomorphs were used for identifying four main palynological zones. These are: Crassoretitriletes vanraadshooveni/P700 Zone characterized by the quantitative base occurrence of Crassoretitriletes vanraadshooveni and co-occurrence of Belskipollis elegans, Crassoretitriletes vanraadshooveni, Echiperiporites estalae, and Verrutricolporites rotundiporus; dated Middle Miocene; Magnastriatites howardii/P600 Zone characterized by quantitative base occurrence of Peregrinipollis nigericus and co-occurrence of Praedapollis flexibilis, Magnastriatites howardii and Monoporites annulatus; dated Early Miocene – Late Oligocene; Retibrevitricolporite obodoensis/protudens/P500 Zone characterized by the co-occurrence of Arecipitesexili muratus, Retibrevitricolporite obodoensis/protudens, Verrucatosporite susmensis and Gemmamonoporite ssp dated Late – Early Oligocene and Racemonocolpite shians/P400 Zone characterized by the base occurrence of Racemonocolpite shians. The palaeoclimatic investigation showed that the sediments were deposited predominantly under wet climate in a mangrove setting and the palaeoenvironment ranges from brackish to deep marine environments.

Detailed structural interpretation was carried out on the three fields within Block-X with the aim of better understanding the structural evolution, trapping styles and the influence of the fault system on the facies distribution within the Block. Well correlation was carried out on six wells to map potential reservoir intervals, which in turn were tied with seismic for horizon and structural interpretation. Structures interpreted include listric growth faults, roll-overs, synthetic and antithetic faults. The faults showed a dominant NW-SE trend, and the variance attribute also validated the interpreted fault trend. Impact of a mobile clay substratum was more noticeable around ‘FLO’ and ‘A’ Fields around the Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene strata of the Agbada Formation. Four-way closures dominate ‘OGEY’ Field, the traps on ‘FLO’ Field are fault assisted while ‘A’ Field at best have some good leads which given some more control on the seismic acreage and possibility of good prospects. The facies model showed minor shale content localised at the western part of the Block with good reservoirs and and some silty sand making up the remaining Block. The fault system of the Block was not observed to have any significant effect on the facies and property distribution. The fluid contact model revealed communication across the fields and that the reservoir is not compartmentalised. This integrated approach in determining the hydrocarbon potential of Block – X, Northern Depobelt of Niger Delta reduces the effect of under estimation and over estimation of hydrocarbon –in – place volume, thus assisting in well planning and input into running Petroleum economics.

Harmonic eccentric indices were proposed analogously to Harmonic indices already known and used for many years. We defined Harmonic eccentric index as HEI (G)= ?_(uv?E (G))?2/(e_u+e_v ) .In his paper we have calculated Harmonic eccentric index for some particular chains which are fused with different types of fusing namely ?-type fusing,?-type fusing and ?-type fusing . In future we will on various Eccentric indices with the Hexagonal chain.

This study is a descriptive survey conducted on four primary schools based in the Kgalagadi North Sub-District in Botswana with purpose to cross-examine the instructional challenges faced by teachers based at schools in remote areas. After establishment of validity, interviews were conducted (individual and focus group). Results show that all the four remote schools sampled had homogeneous instructional challenges. Of the challenges, teachers identified discipline and academic challenges as a major factor in all the sampled schools. Even though parental support related challenges did not feature prominently in this study, the study identified that parents we not active in supporting their children in learning. The frequency of these challenges was found to be hampering positive academic output. These challenges were perceived to be capable of adversely affecting Botswana’s national objectives of Vision 2016 pillar of, an educated and informed nation. The study found out that learner achievement at remote schools is low and that parents are not actively involved in their children's education. The final thought of the study was that teachers based at remote schools need capacity building to deal with instructional challenges to enhance their effectiveness. On this ground, the researcher agrees with literature on the need for family learning as an approach to assist parents to support their children.

Globalization has forced organization to change their operating strategies and adopt to the business environment in order to stay relevant. All organizations have moved to considering their service delivery as the new measure of organizational performance. More attention is thus shifting to factors that affect service delivery of various organizations as a whole or their core departments. This calls on the standards regulating agencies and more so the departments concerned with this to be at their utmost performance thus at their best service delivery. The most notable of these organizations is Kebs within the Kenyan context. The market surveillance department has the most important role in ensuring compliance to the standards. However, the performance of this department is not yet at par with the required standards under a global economy. Studies have thus been conducted to determine the reasons for this poor performance. Most of these studies fall short by giving mere symptoms of the problem but not the root cause which is strategic management. The main objective of the study was therefore to determine the effect of strategic management practices on service delivery by the surveillance department of Kebs this was supported by specific objectives which were to determine the effects of strategic formulation on service delivery by the surveillance departments of Kenya bureau of standards; to determine the effects of strategic planning on service delivery by the surveillance departments of Kenya bureau of standards; to determine the effects of strategy implementation on service delivery by the surveillance departments of Kenya bureau of standards and to determine the effects of strategic evaluation on service delivery by the surveillance departments of Kenya bureau of standards. The study was carried out in kebs as it is the main standards regulatory agency in the country and has all the elements in the other agencies thus the findings can be inferred to the others as well. The data for the study was collected from managers of KEBS ranging from junior management, middle level employees to senior management. The study used a sample based on the 10% of the target population therefore using 60 targeted respondents from whom responses was collected using Likert scale questionnaires. These were then sorted for consistency and accuracy leading to the use of 49 questionnaires which were coded and analyzed using mean and standard deviation followed by a simple regression analysis from which the findings of the study were drawn. The study found that there is a direct relationship between strategic management and service delivery. The highest contributor to this is strategic monitoring and evaluation followed by planning and implementation. It is thus surprising that the study found out that monitoring and evaluation was the weakest of the three strategic management variables. As a result, recommendation is made to have more emphasis on monitoring and evaluation, have stronger implementation as well as more attention on the weak areas of planning especially internal analysis and external analysis and involvement of junior employees in the process.

Invasive Salmonella Typhimurium infection is in a flux in resource poor settings in Kenya. However, sequence analysis of the strains in the study areas have not been determined. This study aimed to determine the distribution and genetic diversity of S.Typhimurium. Single locus sequence typing (SLST) based on fliC gene indicated S.Typhimurium isolates exhibited geographic restriction in addition to intraspecies diversity. The dominant strain isolated belonged to S.Typhimurium strain UK-1 lineage in both study areas. Data on genetic diversity is vital in monitoring the disease in the study areas.