Archives-March 2013

Several approaches have been introduced in literature for active noise control (ANC) systems. Since FxLMS algorithm appears to be the best choice as a controller filter, researchers tend to improve performance of ANC systems by enhancing and modifying this algorithm. In this paper, modification is in done the existing FxLMS algorithm that provides a new structure for improving the tracking performance and convergence rate based on the secondary path modeling technique. The convergence rate is improved by the dynamically varying the step size of the error signal. It is also implemented using FPGA.

The P-Value models were designed by the researcher to teach Place Values in mathematics. The P-Value models are tools which is methodology in nature. It depicts yet another / alternative practical way of teaching Place Values in Mathematics to the usual / known method (Appendix A; Appendix B) of teaching Place Value (Kumassah, 2012; Price 2002; Price, 2001). The mathematical formulas of the P-Value models shows the step (s) / movement (s) involved in arriving at a specific number (s) / figure (s) and also the total / sum / overall number (s) / figure (s) in each P-Value models. The mathematical formulas of the P-Value models can be employed in teaching and used at the industry level. The researcher is of the view that the use of the P-Value models may help teachers teach Place Value effectively and students learn meaningfully of Place Values in mathematics. The P-Value model solution-boxes serve as a calculator to the actual calculators. It gives the same answers as that of the actual calculators and also shows and reveals the hidden mathematical operations of the actual calculator. Instead of a student manipulating the hidden operations of an actual calculator, with the P-Value model solution-box he/she practically sees and manipulates that hidden operations of a calculator.

Software effort estimation is an important area in the field of software engineering. If the software effort is over estimated it may lead to tight time schedules and thus quality and testing of software may be compromised. In contrast, if the software development effort is underestimated it may lead to over allocation of man power and resource. There are many models for estimating software effort. The aim of the work is to estimate software effort using various machine learning techniques like Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), and Decision Tree (DT). China dataset of software projects has been used in order to compare the performance results obtained from these models. The indices are Sum-Square-Error (SSE), Mean-Square-Error (MSE), Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE), Mean-Magnitude-Relative-Error (MMRE), Relative-Absolute-Error (RAE), Relative-Root-Square-Error (RRSE), Mean-Absolute-Error (MAE), Correlation Coefficient (CC), and PRED (25).

The new complexes of novel ligand with Zr (IV), In(III) Tl (III), and Th (IV) have been synthesized. These complexes were then characterized by melting point, magnetic studies and spectroscopic techniques involving infrared spectra (IR), UV–Vis, 1H NMR. C, H, N and halogen elemental analysis and thermal behavior of complexes also investigated. The results suggested that the molar ratio for all complexes is 1:2 where ligand acts as a bidentate via one of the oxygen atoms of the hydroxyl group tetracycline and oxime .through the Eyring parameters were calculated from thermo gravimetric (TGA) and differential thermo gravimetric (DTG) curves, using Coats–Redfern (CR). The cell dimensions were found by X-ray powder pattern and molecular structure were optimized by Chem Office Ultra-11 software programme.

In this research, we can try to analyze policy making process from politic point of view, and we treated with define politics, operational principle of politics, politic parties, power and it is resources, beneficiary groups, origin of nominee group’s formation and it’s concluded that policy making is a political process. And in another words, policy making before being a weighty and logical choosing, is result of power action and political business.

This study is based on observation on court-domination; it tries to answer how the governmental organs and their staff who were not chosen by people directly should answer people. The same essay has introduced some concepts of answering, it is to examine some answering goals in the governmental centers and their different aspects. This study is to assign an example as a theoretical form in order to compare some of usual answering systems in the world. The writer, by using the same examples of answering systems in English and America which are two political (parliamentary and boss) systems and those of Pakistan and Bangladesh have explained all details. The writer hops to study the reply systems in the foresaid societies, let us know about these systems and their effects.

In this research, we can try to analyze policy making process from politic point of view, and we treated with define politics, operational principle of politics, politic parties, power and it is resources, beneficiary groups, origin of nominee group’s formation and it’s concluded that policy making is a political process. And in another words, policy making before being a weighty and logical choosing, is result of power action and political business.

Recent advances in radio and embedded systems have enabled the proliferation of wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks are tremendously being used in different environments to perform various monitoring tasks such as search, rescue, disaster relief, target tracking and a number of tasks in smart environments. In many such tasks, node localization is inherently one of the system parameters. Node localization is required to report the origin of events, assist group querying of sensors, routing and to answer questions on the network coverage. So, one of the fundamental challenges in wireless sensor network is node localization.

This study shows that China has strategically, for the time period studied between 2000 and 2010 increased its investments in Kenya. The increase in China’s economic and political involvement in Africa is arguably the most momentous development on the continent today. One of the contentious issues surrounding Sino-African relations involves investments. Although Africa and China have been trading with each other for centuries, the level and intensity of their trade relationship have increased dramatically since 2000. China has gained long strides in the global arena and more so by investing heavily in Africa. China has become a major source of a wide range of manufactured goods and foreign investment in many Africa countries. The trends and patterns of trade between China and Africa suggest many possible impacts in Africa. While many African welcome the capital and know-how, others fear that China is stepping in with heavy boots in various cycles. This has raised concerns with the developed nations and big world donors raising concerns whether China would bring hope or problems. This paper examined the impact of the China’s Investments, economic and developmental activities in Africa with focus to Kenya. However, there are both gains and losses in the relationship between the two countries. Data and information was gathered from the existing literature, books, journals, newspapers and internet search. It appeared that there is scarcity of the up to date data and information about China-Kenya and much of the information available captured a number of the past years and since this was the information the author could access, it was the same information used to examine the research paper study issue.

Subcooled nucleate flow boiling is a very efficient heat transfer mechanism and therefore applied in many technical applications. A numerical simulation was conducted to predict the bubble lift-off size in a BWR-scaled vertical upward annular channel, which had been compared with some experimental results. A force balance analysis of a growing bubble was performed to predict the bubble lift-off size.