Archives-June 2015

In this paper, the United Nations Convention on International Multimodal Transport of Goods in Geneva-1980 is compared to Iranian Law and UNCTAD/ICC rules. Topics such as concepts and general definitions, scope of convention, combined transport documents, guarantees and liability of consignor, legal status of risky cargos, responsibility of carrier or forwarder, duration and scope of responsibilities of carrier are studied. Several questions are answered, that include: 1- Is the responsibility of carrier in Geneva Convention and Iranian legal rules are based on fault or not? 2- Is the legal nature of combined forwarder’s obligation is obligation of results or obligation of means? ultimately the carrier’s responsibility arising out of the other’s action (laborers, representatives), exemption cases of carrier arising out of the other’s action, carrier rights, litigations and lapse of time are investigated.

Governmental organizations and municipalities can take possession of the properties of natural and legal persons in order to conduct their plans if necessary by carrying out special formalities. The case of possession only includes real property and it would not include personal ones. to take possession of lands, first it should be identified the kind of them, since waste lands are not considered as a property to special persons .the legal nature of possession as the case may be if the owner does not satisfy to grant his property, unilateral obligation, even if for different reasons including the government and municipalities make the owner to satisfy, in this case contract has not a specific meaning too. In fact, it can be considered as an imposed contract and the question of possession of person' properties is one of cause making ownership for government and municipalities. If governmental organizations and municipalities do not follow legal formalities in the identification of kind and possession of no wastelands or do not pay the price of property as the case may be Bureaucratic Justice court or public courts of justice administration would be as a competence authority for investigation. This article has dealt with two chapters .in the first chapter, legal nature of possession has been studied and in the second chapter, in the case of objection to the way of identification, the kind of lands and also objection to the way of possession, the competent authority that as the case may be is Bureaucratic Justice court or public court of justice administration has been considered.

According to the article 191 of Civil law, a contract can be implemented on the condition that the thing that indicates the intent will be possible. Since the signature indicates the intention of the signee's composition, the symmetry can be signature or signet. It is obvious that it is not necessary that the symmetry to be created in handwriting and it could be an electronic symmetry. The electronic signatures are actually a way for confirming the documents while guaranteeing their security during an interaction. In addition, this kind of signature does not have a feature prior to than the other kinds of signatures that makes them invalid and only the way of their creation is different. As a result, there is no legal restriction to apply this technology. According to the article 7 of the Iranian Trade Law (ITL), whenever the law necessitates the presence of signature, the electronic signature is sufficient. Therefore, the article of the electronic signature is computer does the same article of the handmade signature done by something like pen, while in the electronic signature is done again by hand but this time it. Secondly, not all the documents are paper-based. For instance, there are some important tablets, which regarding the available definition of document in the law, are considered as documents while they are not on paper. In fact, from the above-mentioned article 7, it can be inferred that the electronic signature can legally be a suitable substitution for the handy signature, and there is no difference between the handy signatures in the paper documents and the electronic ones in the terms of effects.

The goal of this research is Assessing the impact of organizational strategies on the performance of Bank Mellat in Tehran. To achieve the goal a descriptive survey model was applied. The research is based on practical objectives. To collect information from the library - field and a questionnaire was used. Strategy tools used in this research are Kaplan and Norton strategy standard questionnaire, job satisfaction by Barry Field and Ruth performance by Liu and Sin. The statistical community in this research include all Mellat bank employees in Tehran branches which count up to 3000 people. In order to identify the 379 people for the sample group the questionnaires were distributed though cluster sampling method, based on the Cochran formula. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaire a content validity method was applied and for and to determine the reliability of the questionnaire Cronbach's alpha coefficients was applied. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were applied for data analysis. The first main research hypothesis on the effect of Mellat bank strategy on the successful performance of the Tehran branches, was approved. The second main research hypothesis on the effect of Mellat bank strategy on quantified successful performance of the branches, was approved, The third main research hypothesis on the effect of Mellat bank strategy on qualified successful performance of the branches, was approved.

Using MCNP6 to determine axial and radial neutron fluxes of the seven channels irradiation sites of 3 mCi of radium is tended for physics experiments on artificial radioactivity and irradiation facility in nuclear physics laboratory at (FSDM-USMBA) Fez Morocco. Ra-Be source in the interior of the shielded laboratory is sealed emanation-tight into a brazed nickel and it’s eccentrically off the axis of the lead cylinder. Lead thickness and distance shield are so designed that the gamma-dose rate from the source remains small enough in all directions. The seven irradiation channels are arranged vertically within the paraffin block.

A thick-walled 90° elbow pipe is of particular interest due to its frequent usage in industrial systems such as chemical processing plants and petroleum refineries. Elastic stress analysis of thick walled pipe elbows using finite element computer software, such as ABAQUS was investigated. The current study shows that the stress level is influenced by the effects of the ratios of bend radius to pipe mean radius (R/ ) and mean radius to wall thickness ( /t) and value of internal pressure. The investigation is limited to include the elastic stresses due to internal pressure and stress variation which was found to be similar to that of a theoretical study reported in the literature. The stress along a thick-walled 90° elbow pipe with the increase in the inner radius, thickness and pressure increases the stress. Based on the variance analysis, the predictive models in this study are believed to produce values of the elastic stress of a thick-walled 90° elbow pipes close to those readings recorded numerically with a 96.5% confident interval.

Iron deficiency chlorosis is a common problem for sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) grown on iron deficient calcareous soils. Iron is essential for chlorophyll synthesis and any deficiencies may hinder photosynthetic capabilities of the plant that may result in yield loss. Cultivar selection and/or proper management may reduce yield loss. The objective of this investigation was to identify the cultivars and determine the effect of ameliorative treatment for controlling iron deficiency chlorosis in sugarcane in Tamilnadu, India. A field experiment was conducted for fifteen sugarcane varieties with two treatments (control and amelioration). The leaf greenness was evaluated for chlorosis by SPAD chlorophyll meter readings and also using acetone extraction method. The metabolically active iron content of leaf was analysed by 1,10-orthophenanthroline extract. The ameliorated treatment was consistently better at reducing iron chlorosis scores and yield loss. The resistant genotypes had significantly lower chlorosis scores compared to the susceptible varieties. Iron deficiency chlorosis was adequately controlled by amelioration treatment and/or using resistant genotypes may be the more effective treatment for yield improvement.

Higher quality and cost effective welds can be achieved by understanding the weld metal properties and influence of welding parameters. Submerged arc welding is preferred process for the higher productivity and better finishing of deposited metal. Welding input parameters have significant role in determining the quality of a weld joint. The joint quality can be assessed in terms of weld bead geometry and weld metal properties. Investigation has been made on influence of welding input parameters on weld bead geometry and metallurgical properties.

The study was carried out between November 2011 and October 2013, using 707 Oreochromis niloticus (Linné, 1757) specimens in a tropical reservoir (8° 3"to 8° 12"N and 4° 6"to 4° 12"E). Standard methods were used to determine food and feeding habit and enteroparasitic infestation of the fish in the reservoir. The fish species was found to be an omnivore, but primarily an herbivore and the feeding on food items of animal origin may be supplementary. The high presence and constancy of sand grains and detritus in the diet showed that the fish though pelagic, do forage regularly into the benthic zone to feed. Intestinal parasites recovered were two acanthocephalans - Neoechinorhynchus rutili, Acanthocentius tilapiae - and the metacercaria of Clinestomum tilapiae. Prevalence of parasitic infestation was higher in the dry season than the rainy season and also higher in females (23.40 %) than in males (19.15 %). The metacercariae were found in the buccal cavity while the two acanthocephalans were found in the intestine, nothing was found in the stomach. Generally, parasites intensity was higher in females than in males and parasitic infestation was found to have an effect on the body weight of O. niloticus in Oba reservoir.