Archives-June 2014

Existing and in recent times proposed clustering algorithms are studied and it is known that the k-means clustering method is mostly used for clustering of data due to its reduction of time complexity. But the foremost drawback of k-means algorithm is that it suffers from sensitivity of outliers which may deform the distribution of data owing to the significant values. The drawback of the k-means algorithm is resolved by k-medoids method where the novel approach uses user defined value for k. As a result, if the number of clusters is not chosen suitably, the accuracy will be minimized. Even, K-medoids algorithm does not scale well for huge data set. In order to overcome the above stated limitations, a new grid based clustering method is proposed, where time complexity of proposed algorithm is depending on the number of cells. Simulation results show that, the proposed approach has less time complexity and provides natural clustering method which scales well for large dataset.

Schools and more primary schools often use of workbook. They believe students learn better with this activities and workbooks. And some schools don't believe in using these books. Hands on Activities & Manipulative VS. Worksheets & Workbooks for Pre-K and Kindergarten (Love, Yahoo Contributor Network Nov 3, 2010). Workbook is the creative resource for photography and illustration portfolios, a source for memorizing, cutting edge marketing tools, industry news, contacts. Workbook is a leader of students.(WORKBOOK Photography & Illustration Portfolios, Creative Contact ...(www.workbook.com)

Formaldehyde (CH2O) and acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) emission from the waste wood combustion plan recognized as one of the major cause of degrading air quality. In this research, we present the obtained result from formaldehyde and acetaldehyde concentration generated by wood combustion plants at three cities, Iksan, Gunsan and Asan, South Koreawhich are represents some of the industry leaders in region. Totally six points were selected around the combustion power plants to provide data on the areas within zones and agglomerations where the highest and lowest concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde occur during the sampling day. High performance liquid chromatography analyzer (HPLC) was used to measure the aldehydes values in the collected samples. The average emission of CH2O calculated on the basis emission in sampling day have been found 5.9 at Iksan , 3.32 in Gunsan and 3.62 ppb in Asan while the CH3CHO value as measured 2.82, 1.44 and 1.91ppb.

Electric field induced heavy hole excitons in a strained GaxIn1-xAs/GaAs quantum dot are studied by considering geometrical confinement. The exciton binding energy and some nonlinear optical properties in the presence of electric field are discussed. Calculations include the anisotropy, non-parabolicity of the conduction band, strain effects and the spatial confinement. A cylindrical dot of GaxIn1-xAs surrounded by a GaAs barrier material with the constant Ga alloy content, x =0.2 is taken as the model. The exciton binding energy is found within the framework of the variational technique and the nonlinear optical properties are performed using matrix formulism. It is shown that the electronic and optical properties are strongly dependent on the application of electric field.

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotionaly associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Pain acts as a warning signal against either in the body or in the external environment of an individual. Pain control is a major issue in dental practice. There are several types of medications that are used to manage dental diseases. The medications discussed in this article have pharmacological properties that are used to treat conditions such as pain, anxiety and inflamation.

Vocational interests are an enduring and compelling aspect of individual differences and the most popular means for matching individuals to environments, to improve occupational success and job satisfaction. Interests have received its’ strongest impetus from vocational and educational counselling, gaining considerable attention in areas of vocational choice, such as career development and choice, interest testing and career counselling. It has been to a lesser extent incited by personnel classification and selection. This article attempts to analyse whether interest inventories accurately predict the kind of work in which individuals will be satisfied in.

Writers have long been interested in dealing with the adverse effects of science on the life of the human race. Earlier, the science achievements on various fields of life were looked at positively. However, sci-fi writers, since H. G. Wells' dark pessimistic view of man's future under the control of scientists, robots, or computers altered the general perspective, have been concerned with the undeniable damaging consequences of man's complete reliance on advancement of technology in managing his life. Douglas Adams believed that science should be viewed as dangerous and destructive because it neither ameliorated man's life nor it kept as it is; rather, devastated not only man's achievement throughout history, but also brought all humans' hopes of perfection to a horrible end. The Hitchhiker Guide to the Galaxy is clearly a document that condemns the destructive science that is responsible for the massacres perpetrated in many parts of this world. This paper, therefore, attempts at detecting Adams's views of man's future life, bearing in mind all the radical changes that are still taking place in this life.

The vibrational spectral analysis was carried out by using Raman and infrared spectroscopy in the range 4000–400 cm?1 and 4000–100 cm?1 respectively, for 2-amino-5-nitropyrimidine (2A5NP) molecule. The molecular structure, fundamental vibrational frequencies and intensity of the vibrational bands are interpreted with the aid of structure optimizations and normal coordinate force field calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) method and different basis sets combination. The complete vibrational assignments of wavenumbers were made on the basis of potential energy distribution (PED). The scaled B3LYP/6-311++G results show the best agreement with the experimental values over the other methods. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies shows that charge transfer within the molecule. The results of the calculations were applied to simulate spectra of the title compound, which show excellent agreement with observed spectra. Electronic excitation energies, oscillator strength and nature of the respective excited states were calculated by the closed-shell singlet calculation method were also calculated for the molecule.

The proximate, antinutrient, mineral and amino acid composition of ripe and unripe Blighia sapida (ackee) seed were quantified using standard analytical techniques. Fat, fibre and ash were higher in the unripe seed while protein and carbohydrate were more in the ripe seed. The protein content of the ripe and unripe Ackee seed were 11.67% and 9.63% respectively; values obtained for fat were 18.00% and 22.50%, ash 2.83 and 4.17%, fibre 9.33% and 14.33%, moisture values 9.17% and 7.00%, carbohydrate 49.00% and 41.19%. The mineral constituents (mg/kg) for sodium 12.85±0.45, phosphorus 7.14±0.32, Zinc 3.10±0.09, and potassium 16.55±0.05 were higher in the ripe ackee seed while iron 43.75±1.16, manganese 3.09±2.81, calcium 2.85±0.15 and copper 2.15±0.45 were higher in the unripe ackee seed respectively. Eighteen amino acids were found in the samples in this study; 9 essential amino acids with histidine and 9 non-essential amino acids. Glutamate, aspartate and leucine, were the most abundant amino acids in the samples. The ratios of essential amino acids (EAA) to non-essential amino acids (NEAA) in the ripe and unripe ackee seeds was 0.71. The values of the common antinutrients; cyanide, phytate and oxalate were similar in both seed samples; however, trypsin inhibitory activity was higher in the unripe ackee seed. This study shows that ackee seeds can be a potential alternative source of livestock feed.

The relationship between carapace length/width - body weight of the red ghost crab Ocypode macrocera was studied at the southern proximity of the Sagar island, western sector of Indian Sundarbans (World’s largest mangrove biome) that faces the regular tidal influences of Bay of Bengal. The females were more abundant (54%) than males (46%) considering the overall sample and the length/width-weight distribution pattern did not show remarkable differences between sexes. The carapace length and width are linearly related to body weight and appeared to be highly significant (P < 0.001) in each case. The regression coefficient (b) of length-weight and width-weight relationship found to be in positive allometry. Moreover, the correlation between weight with length and width is strongly positive in male, female and irrespective of sex. The condition factor (K) value of carapace length between two sexes varies significantly and higher in females. Despite of small sample size, the present study is able to predict the morphometric relationship is useful in stock assessment of the Ocypode macrocera and comparing the different stocks of the same species at different geographical locations.