Archives-June 2011

The proposed FXLMS techniques have been modeled using Verilog HDL; the models have been verified using test benches with a functional coverage of 95%. The results obtained have been compared with MATLAB results, which are considered to be a benchmark. The HDL (Hardware Description Language) code is synthesized using Synopsys Design Compiler targeting 130-nanometer TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) library and target technology. The synthesized netlist obtained for all the adaptive filtering techniques proposed in this research work is taken through physical design flow consisting of Floor planning. Placement and Routing steps. The results obtained at each step are simulated for the functionality. The final GDSII (Graphical Design Standard II) file is generated for the proposed techniques. The floor planning, placement and routing of the netlist ensures that the overall size for the entire chip does not exceed by 2.15 Square millimeters. The results obtained for NLMS adaptive filtering techniques using pipelining, parallel processing, low power techniques and floating point architectures have proven that the complexities in the industrial applications can be met if the design is implemented on ASIC.

The proposed Adjoint LMS (ALMS) techniques have been modeled using Verilog HDL. The model has been verified using test benches with a functional coverage of 95%. The results obtained has been compared with MATLAB results, which are considered to be a benchmark. The HDL (Hardware Description Language) code is synthesized using Synopsys Design Compiler targeting 130-nanometer TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) library and target technology. The synthesized netlist obtained for all the adaptive filtering techniques proposed in this research work is taken through physical design flow consisting of Floorplanning Placement and Routing steps. The results obtained at each step are simulated for the functionality. The final GDSII (Graphical Design Standard II) file is generated for the proposed techniques.. The floor planning, placement and routing of the netlist ensures that the overall size for the entire chip does not exceed by 2.3 square millimeters. The results obtained for ALMS adaptive filtering techniques using pipelining, parallel processing, low power techniques and floating point architectures have proven that the complexities in the industrial applications can be met if the design is implemented on ASIC.

Nanoparticles of ~10 nm in diameter made with chitosan or lactic acid-graftedchitosan were developed for high drug loading and prolonged drug release. A drug encapsulation efficiency of 94.4% and a release rate of 28% from chitosan nanoparticles after 24 hours were demonstrated with bovine serum protein. A drug encapsulation efficiency of 97% and a release rate of 38% from chitosan nanoparticles after 24 hours were demonstrated with aceclofenac. To further increase drug encapsulation, prolongdrug release, and increase chitosan solubility in solution of neutral pH, chitosan was modifiedwith lactic acid by grafting D,L-lactic acid onto amino groups in chitosan without using a catalyst. The lactic acid-grafted chitosan nanoparticles demonstrated a drug encapsulation efficiency of96% and a protein release rate of 15% after 24 hours. And in case of diclofenac, drug encapsulation efficiency of 98% and a aceclofenac release rate of 25% after 24 hours. Unlike chitosan, whichis generally soluble only in acid solution, the chitosan modified with lactic acid can be preparedfrom solutions of neutral pH, offering an additional advantage of allowing proteins or drugs tobe uniformly incorporated in the matrix structure with minimal or no denaturization.

The present study aims to evaluate preventive effect of S.indicus on p-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Oral administration of stem ethanol extract of the S.indicus (300mg/kg) effectively prevent the hepatocarcinogenesis as exposed by reduce in the levels of extend of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphate (ALP), total bilirubin, total cholesterol, lipid peroxidase (LPO) and raise the level of glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) when compared to DAB induced rats. The histopathological changes of the liver sample compared with respective control. The present study shows a significant preventive effect of S.indicus (SI) on DAB administrated hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.

Image segmentation is an essential but critical component in low level vision image analysis, pattern recognition, and in robotic systems. It is one of the most difficult and challenging tasks in image processing which determines the quality of the final result of the image analysis. Image segmentation is the process of dividing an image into different regions such that each region is homogeneous. The problem of segmenting the image and/or the video content into meaningful pieces of information is of crucial importance for further steps such as 3-D shape reconstruction, object and event recognition, etc. Video segmentation is different from segmentation of a single image. While several correct solutions may exist for segmenting a single image, there needs to be a consistency among segmentations of each frame for video segmentation. Various image segmentation algorithms are discussed. Some examples in different image formats are presented and overall results discussed and compared considering different parameters.

The role of electronic equipments in the industry has increased tremendously in recent past. With new technologies and techniques being considered in other domains, such as automotive, multimedia communications, mobile applications bring down the cost of the electronic gadgets. As the cost factor controls the reliability and volume issues, there is a need for design and development of low cost, reliable technology for industrial applications. The proposed techniques have been modeled using Verilog HDL and the models have been verified using test benches with a functional coverage of 95%. The results obtained have been compared with MATLAB results, which are considered to be a benchmark. The HDL (Hardware Description Language) code is synthesized using Synopsys Design Compiler targeting 130-nanometer TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) library and target technology. The synthesized netlist obtained for all the adaptive filtering techniques proposed in this research work is taken through physical design flow consisting of Floorplanning, Placement and Routing steps. The results obtained at each step are simulated for the functionality. The final GDSII (Graphical Design Standard II) file is generated for the proposed techniques.. The floor planning, placement and routing of the netlist ensures that the overall size for the entire chip does not exceed by 7.2 square millimeters. The results obtained for adaptive filtering techniques have proven that the complexities in the industrial applications can be met if the design is implemented on ASIC.

The adsorption behavior of Nickel (II) ions from aqueous solution on ODINA WODIER (OW) bark carbon was investigated as a function of parameters such as adsorbent dose, initial Nickel (II) ions concentration, effect of solution PH, contact time and temperature. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms. From these experimental data and RL value indicate the adsorption process is favourable. The thermodynamic parameters such as ?H0, ?S0, and ?G0 were evaluated and the adsorption process was physical adsorption. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich kinetic models and the intra-particle diffusion model were used to fit the experimental data by using linear regression analysis method. The high correlation coefficient (?) values indicate the fitness of the model. The kinetic of this process having high correlation coefficient (?) were pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion models. The adsorption mechanism is proved by FT-IR, XRD and SEM images. The OW bark carbon has high adsorption capacity and adsorption rate for the removal of Nickel (II) ions from aqueous solution.

The present study was conducted in three different solvent extracts of leaves of Ageratum houstonianum (Mill.) (Asteraceae) and were screened against reference cultures, clinical isolates and fungal strains under in vitro condition. Among three solvent extracts of A. houstonianum tested against selected reference cultures, ethyl acetate extract was found to exhibit the highest activity (19 mm) against P. aeruginosa, followed by a second higher activity (18 mm) against S. typhi. In the case of K. pneumoniae, moderate inhibition was observed by ethyl acetate extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration for P. aerugenosa and S. typhi was found as 0.312 mg/ml of ethyl acetate extract. In the case of clinical isolates also, ethyl acetate extract of A. houstonianum was found to show higher activity (17 mm) against methiciline Resistant S. aureus (ICMR-5) which is found to be better than commercially available streptomycin, followed by a second higher activity using hexane extract (16 mm) against the same clinical isolate, whereas methanol extract showed only a moderate activity. Streptomycin was used as the positive control.

In the present study we have evaluated effect of different plant diets on the amount of food consumption, absorbed, converted and metabolized in the fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio. We discussed the feeding rate, absorption rate, conversion rate and metabolic rate of fished when they consumed different foods, and the absorption and conversion efficiency were observed. The maximum absorption efficiency was observed in the potato fed fish and the minimum was observed in the radish fed fish. But maximum conversion efficiency was noticed in cabbage.

Disease progression is a complex process which involves multiple sequential steps leading to cellular changes, altered signaling pathways and metabolic events. Cancer is a very wide spread disease in the world. Among the various types of cancers, ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death in gynecological malignancies. Biomarkers are cellular, biochemical, molecular or genetic alterations by which a normal, abnormal or simply biological process can be predicted or monitored. Various Biomarkers like Cancer Antigen 125, HCG, Human Kallikreins, Membrane Tyrosine Kinase Receptors, HE 4 and Mesothelin etc. are used to identify pathological processes before individuals become symptomatic or to identify individuals who are susceptible to cancer.