Archives-July 2016

In silico studies have been helpful in identifying the potential lead molecules with reduced cost. The chemical structure of a drug determines its physicochemical properties, and further determinates its absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity properties and ultimately affect the pharmacological activity. Medical chemists can regulate the pharmacological activity of drug molecule by modifying their structure. Unsaturated(contain two double or triple bonds), partially unsaturated(contain at least one double or triple bond) and saturated(contain no double bond or triple bonds) ring systems are important components of a drug. In this study, a serious of 27 five-membered heterocyclics were subjected to frontier molecular orbital(FMO) analysis and nonlinear optical(NLO) property identification by using density functional theory(DFT) calculations. DFT based global reactivity descriptor calculations have emerged as powerful tools for studying the reactivity, selectivity and stability of chemical and biological systems. Molecular orbital analysis exhibits relatively high(low) energy gap of the studied molecules, indicating that it would be kinetically stable(unstable). Pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity risks were studied using various programs like OSIRIS and Molsoft. In addition, we also verified the drug score, which combines drug likeness, cLogP, LogS, molecular weight(MW), and toxicity risks in one value and this may be used to judge the compounds overall potential to qualify for a drug.

This manuscript deals with the Frattini Subgroups and some results based on frattini subgroups. In this paper we define the Frattini subgroup and then discuss some of its properties.We denote it by . We define nS, aS, aPNS, cS , aCS group. In this we show that nS group is a cS group and if any group G is an nS(cS) group then Fr(G)=E. thus we show that any normal subgroup of an nS-group is again an nS group and direct Product of two nS group is again an nS group. In this we show that if any nilpotent group G is nS then it is elementary abelian group.

Thermal designing of plate fin heat exchanger explains the heat transfer coefficient, hydraulic diameter, Colburn factor, friction factor, Reynolds number of plate fin heat exchanger. The present review explains the various correlations used in the thermal designing of plate fin heat exchanger. Colburn factor ,hydraulic diameter and Friction factor are the major parameters in the design correlations.

Non human animals are used and exploited by human beings for different purposes such as, agriculture, carrying goods, circus, medical experiment and in laboratory for research activities where they have to suffer more. But against these cruel activities some thinkers have raised their voice. They are in favour of granting rights to them. They thought that being sentient, non human animals have feelings of pleasure and pain and therefore they are right bearers. They are entitled to enjoy their basic interest such as, avoiding suffering. In this paper I shall try to justify that we ought to allow rights to non human animals , particularly right to life.

The notion of closed set plays a fundamental role in the study of topological spaces. Levine[8], in 1970 introduced the concept of generalized closed sets in a topological space by comparing the closure of a subset with its open supersets. This has been studied extensively in recent years by many topologists. The investigation of generalized closed sets has led to several new and interesting concepts. New and interesting applications have been found in the field of Economics, Biology and Robotics etc. Generalized closed sets remain as an active and fascinating field within mathematicians.

farm households’ access and constraints to portable and irrigation water supply in Ebonyi State, Nigeria was studied. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select a total of 180 farm households. Primary data were collected with the use of structured questionnaire and interview schedule; the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The result of the study shows that the farmers lacked access to sanitation, potable and irrigation water. Farm household access to potable and irrigation water were 46% and 0% with average potable and irrigation water insecurity level at 77%. Most of the household water collection was supplied by the children and this affected class attendance and school enrolment. The result of X2 and regression shows that there is a strong relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers and their access to water. The respondents identified poor government attitude towards potable and irrigation water provision, lack of money to pay for the users cost, and seasonality of natural water sources as the constraints to access water. The respondents further identified Government and Non Governmental Organization full involvement in the provision of potable and irrigation water, education or public awareness campaign for proper water management and utilization as ways of mitigating water scarcity. It was recommended that government should articulate and integrate rural water provision into the mainstream policy framework among others.

The research was performed to study effect of Leadership Development on Employee Performance as well as organizational performance in Punjab, Pakistan. More particularly the research was performed in banking sector and several banks within Punjab province are included. The research focused the three variables for the study such that Training and Development, Employee Participation and Employee Empowerment. These three variables are studied inter-related to each other effecting the employee performance. Though study which as performed to find that, these variables effect employee performance with about 50% while other 50% is effected by other internal forces and contributes towards attitude, commitment, rewards and incentives etc. On the other hand organizational performance do effected by these variables but external environmental factors also effects the performance of organization. Study also attains that certain leadership styles are essential to increase the employee and organizational performance. Thus study shows that these three variables are major tools to increase employee performance in order that learning and training capacity of employee and manager should be valid and have positive approach towards the leadership development program. Though manager and employees should work and collaborate with each other for better performance and should also communicate with each other for increased performance.

Front line demonstrations on rain-fed direct seeded upland rice were carried out by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Simdega, Jharkhand. To demonstrate the improved technologies, frontline demonstrations were conducted in farmers fields. The objective was to show the potentiality of technologies along with package of practices analyse the constraints to provide feedback to the research system. The demonstration were conducted by selecting technologies on the basis of agro-ecosystem analysis through using PRA tools.. Intervention points were identified by consultation with farmers from problem- cause diagram. The deciding factors for selecting technologies under demonstrations were yield gap and percentage of farmers not following the recommended improved practices. Based on the finding it may be concluded that the top-down approach should be avoided and scientist- farmer interaction should be operationalised for programme formulation, implantation and assessment. This approach led to selection of right interventions for convincing the farmers in a better way about the production potentials of selected technologies. Due to selection of better technologies yield advantage was received to an extent of 58.9 %.

The calcaneo navicular coalition is congenital fusion of the two bones of the tarsus, the calcaneus and the navicular bone. With the talocalcaneal coalition, it constitutes the most common form of tarsal coalitions. Often asymptomatic, the calcaneo navicular coalition, generally easy at radiological diagnosis when it comes to oblic foot exercise, requires in case of intense pain, a surgical operation. Several surgical methods are proposed by the authors, including the double arthrodesis and resection of the coalition with the interposition of the extensor brevis muscle or fat tissue. The interest of this study is to shed light on the interest of the pedal muscle interposition after resection of the tarsal coalition at the talocalcaneal articulation achieved before the end of the growth for the prevention of recurrence and total disappearance of symptoms in children. As sample, we propose the observation of a girl aged ten years old, with symptomatic form of calcaneo navicular coalition treated surgically by resection with pedal muscle interposition. Clinical results, valued at an average of twelve months after surgery, were satisfactory.

This study investigated the importance of succession planning in Academic Libraries in some selected universities in the south west. The universities selected include Federal University Oye, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-ife, University of Lagos, Lagos, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Osun state University, Osogbo, Lagos state University, Lagos, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Joseph Ayodele Babalola University, Ikeji Arakeji, and Caleb University, Lagos. The Study population was made up of all academic librarians working in the university libraries. The study made use of simple and random technique and sample size of 100 respondents were chosen to represent the academic librarians working in the library. The survey instrument was questionnaire and it consists of six questions for item to elicit information on succession planning. A total of 100 questionnaires were distributed, 81 were returned while 73 were properly filled and could be analyzed giving a response rate of 81.11 %. The simple frequencies table and percentages were applied to analyze the generated data. The following recommendation were made for effective succession planning in academic libraries: succession planning must reflect in every assignment, committee; profession librarian must exposed to both academic and administrative duties that will form part of their experience on the long run and that librarians must be able to have an all round experience in all the sections of the library such that there will not be any gap peradventure there is long absence, resignation or retirement from service.