Archives-July 2015

A solar eclipse provides us with a rare opportunity to study the ionospheric effects associated with an accurately estimated variation of solar radiation during the eclipse period. An exceptionally long total solar eclipse occurred on Wednesday, 22 July 2009, that traversed the eastern hemisphere in a narrow corridor. The Ionosonde observations taken at Space Science Laboratory, Department of Physics and Electronics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal during the three days centered on the total solar eclipse of 22 July 2009 are described. The eclipse was sufficient to decrease the ionization of some regions of ionosphere by the solar disc which was obscured at the maximum phase. The effects on the ionospheric parameters are observed when eclipse reached its maximum totality. A magnetic disturbance occurred during the period of the observation. Therefore the Ionosonde observations are discussed in conjugation with the changes which occurred in the earth’s magnetic field and the ionosphere during the event of the eclipse.

Steganography is skill of hiding secret messages or hiding secret images so that only the writer and the intended recipient are aware from hidden information .Steganography is an powerful technique in terms of any type of carrier which is hiding technique that develops stimulating structures to fruitfully & successfully hide information (may be a text or an image ) in color images. Digital steganography is basically about hiding a file in, or adding a file to, another file, called the carrier file, such that the carrier file is not changed enough to raise suspicion that something may be concealed within it or appended to it. The steganography scheme on hardware platform shows huge potential by means of various advantages such as high speed implanting, specific hardware dependency, and low power consumption etc. Current developments favor using digital images, carrier files as the cover file to hide another file that contains the secret information in the form of either text or image that means carrier file. Hardware stenographic modules applied in a processor platform like FPGA which offer some essential additions to the existing benefits of software based stego systems. It also offers the Embedding rate which is very high when compared to the systems in software domain. LSB method representing a high imbedding capacity.

Sexuality is an important component of human life given its implication for sexual satisfaction, reproduction, egalitarianism and the continuity of the human race. The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the literature on cultural sex-role prescriptions for male control and female deference particularly in the Nigerian literature, and to demonstrate the implication of such for relationship satisfaction, sexually transmitted diseases and egalitarianism. In this article, we emphasize the socio-cultural specifics of the Nigerian society and its role in perpetuating power imbalance, sexual inequality and sexual in-expression between men and women.

Ebola is a deadly disease caused by a virus. There are five strain, and four of them can make people sick. After entering the body, it kills cells, making some of them explode. It wrecks the immune system, causes heavy bleeding inside the body, and damages almost every organ. The virus is scary, but it also rare. You can get it only from direct contact with infected persons body fluids. The on-going Ebola outbreak in the West African countries is so far the worst in the history of the deadly disease. The virus seems to have gripped the world's interest due to its destructive potential, claiming nearly 7000 lives in Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea -- worst-hit Ebola nations in West Africa. Although a few cases of Ebola have been reported from Australia, America and other nations of the world, no positive cases of Ebola virus in India have been reported till date. According to the WHO reports, on an average, 80% of the people infected with this virus do die. Their death is usually due to a drop in their blood pressure and failure of organs.

Pores and organic matter take a multitude of forms in soil and their characteristics change in space and time following a change in tillage practices as a new “steady state” is approached. Information on the variation with depth (stratification) in the characteristics of pores and organic matter and the rates of changes in these characteristics are vital to interpreting the short- and long-term impacts of the reduction of using conventional tillage on the productivity and hydrology of agricultural soils. This information is also of value in estimating the effect of a reduction in tillage on the sequestration of carbon in agricultural soils. The influence of tillage on bulk density, macro porosity and organic matter content was found to be documented more extensively than the effects on pore size distribution, soil organic matter fractions and their interactions at different soil depths. Many of the reports documenting tillage-induced changes in soil porosity and organic matter were based on measurements at a specific time after initiating the tillage trial. The potential advantages of conservation tillage in organic farming are reduced erosion, greater macro porosity in the soil surface due to larger number of earthworms, more microbial activity and carbon storage, less run-off and leaching of nutrients, reduced fuel use and faster tillage. Conversion from conventional (CT) to no-tillage (NT) resulted in an immediate change in the placement of aboveground crop residue and the reduced fragmentation of the soil matrix may also slow the mineralization of SOC.

Conservation tillage (CA) systems are gaining increased attention as a way to reduce the water footprint of crops by improving soil water infiltration, increasing soil moisture and reducing runoff and water contamination. The concept of water footprint is defined as the total volume of freshwater used, directly or indirectly, to produce a product or process including the total amount of water required in agriculture for growing crops. About 141 million and 645 thousand hectares of land in the world have been destroyed by erosion because of inappropriate tillage operations. The total amount of 26 billion tons of soil eroded is estimated and about 2 billion tons comes out from Iran. Parallel to the erosion, loss of soil organic matter that occurs on to several factors, farming has become more challenging. Many strategies exist to combat soil degradation through erosion and compaction on agricultural fields. One of these strategies is conservation agriculture (CA). Reduced or no-tillage techniques, together with crop residue management and crop rotation are the pillars of CA. The term reduced tillage covers a range of tillage practices but it never involves inverting the soil. In this way, soil disturbance is minimized and crop residues are left on the soil. Studies in many European countries have shown that CA can indeed be very effective in combating soil erosion. However, soil and water conservation do not appear as main drivers in farmers’ decisions to shift or not to CA. Economic factors tend to be more important, but there are a lot of uncertainties on this domain. Studies show that production costs are mostly reduced, mainly by reduced fuel costs. Although many European studies have investigated the effect of reduced soil tillage on crop yields, a lot of uncertainties still exist.

Oral habits are very common and one of the most deleterious habits which pose a problem to pediatric dentists. Oral appliances, if inserted for several months, usually eliminate the habit, however, emotional problems, difficulty with speech and hearing, and self inflicted wounds can occur with such appliances. We present a case of 8 year old girl with thumb sucking habit, successfully managed by a non punitive bluegrass appliance.

The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties in some Iranian genotyps of sour cherry fruits. Knowledge of fruit biochemical properties is very important for perception of product behavior during harvesting, transportation, packaging, storing and regeneration programs. In this study, 10 Iranian sour cherry: SH101, SH102, SH103, … for SH110 were analysed. For evaluation of antioxidant capacity and its relation with total phenolics and flavonoids, total antioxidant capacity {measured with method: ferric-reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP)} and total phenolics and flavonoids in fruits extracts of aforementioned sour cherry genotyps were measured and then, correlation of these parameters were evaluated. The highest °Brix among the studied genotyps corresponded to ‘SH101’ and the highest fruit titratable acidity (TA) correlated to ‘SH104’. The highest values of vitamin C corresponded to ‘SH101’ and ’SH109’ had the lowest vitamin C. The highest and lowest values pH corresponded to SH106. Results revealed that ‘SH101’ and ‘SH110’ among the studied genotyps had the best antioxidant activity, flavonoid content and fruit quality attributes.

Human being is now living in the technology era and is experiencing the economy of the pioneer technologies, consumer-based economy and eventually economy of the services. People are now benefiting from the fast information exchange and facile transportations and the progress in technology made all these possible. This phenomenon has raised the expectation of the public concerning standard services. In addition to that, the competitive market provided a positive attitude for the improvement of the services and keeping the customers satisfied. This study tried to apply Kano and SERVQUAL models and by synthesizing the two models resolves their shortcomings and proposes new capacities for improving the services. Aseman Airlines is one of the most important service organizations in providing airlines. Results of the study show that the quality if the services provided by Asemn Airlines does not meet the customer’s expectations and there is a negative gap in all the five factors of service quality. The biggest gap was related to the insufficient time of the employees for handling the passengers’ requests and the narrowest gap was related to the courtesy of the employees. It can be concluded that the focus of the company’s managers should be placed on the improvement of the services whose gaps are bigger and the customers are less satisfied with, otherwise the company will face huge challenges for providing the services.

This study investigates the factor capital which leads towards the dearth of entrepreneurship. Micro and macro enterprises play an important role in the economy of any country, but in Kotli Azad Jammu & Kashmir these enterprises are rare. This research was conducted through a self adminstered questionnaire. The sample size for this study was 100 and these organizations were facing the problems of entrepreneurial dearth. Data collected through questionnaire were statistically analyzed, correlation was used to test the research hypotheses. This study provides valuable insights that, one of the main reason of dearth of entrepreneurship is lack of capital. Many entrepreneurs faced lot of problem in accessing the finance through financial institutions. The significance of this research study lies in the fact that it fills an important gap in the literature, offering a deeper understanding of how the access to capital affects the entrepreneurship in Kotli AJ&K. Future researchers can conduct similar studies on other sectors in Kotli AJ&K and findings of this research study can be incorporated in entrepreneurship policies and guidelines.