Archives-July 2015

The use of fossil fuels as energy is now broadly accepted as unsustainable due to depleting resources and also due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the environment. To resolve this problem use of renewable energy is now in focus, renewable energy plays a crucial role in dealing with energy security, eco-friendliness and climate change issues at global and national level. Renewable energy continued to grow strongly in 2012 in both OECD and non-OECD countries. This paper reviews the global growth of renewable energy and present renewable energy status in India, with the main focus on algal biofuel and its future prospects in India.

In an effort to achieve increased cocoa production in Nigeria, a number of initiatives were introduced towards increasing yields with the aim of reviving the old glory of cocoa and make it an engine of Nigerian economy. Despite this, farmers still produce below expected cocoa production figure due to conditions associated with their farmland. Tenure insecurity hindered acceptability of the established initiatives since majority of the farmers in the cocoa industries are holding the farmland in possession through different arrangements which provide the legal and normative framework within which all agricultural as well as other economic activities are conducted. On this note, this study aims to investigate the effects of tenure arrangement on adoption of CRTs. Result shows that respondents were mostly males, Christians, members of CFAN with mean age of 59.0+10.18 with average household size of 8 people, cultivating an average farm size of 17.38 acres, obtained mostly through different tenural patterns and scattered in different locations. Findings further reveals that age, membership to CFAN and tenure arrangement had significant relationship with adoption of cocoa rehabilitation techniques. And also, there was significant difference in the perception, as well as adoption of selective tree replanting, planting under old cocoa trees, chupon regeneration, coppicing, gapping up between tenant farmers and farm owners at p=0.05. Cocoa industry is mostly populated with tenant farmers who had unfavourable perception about cocoa rehabilitation resulting in low adoption rate due to challenge of insecurity of tenure. Thus, there is need for development of technological packages that meet the need of different categories of farmers based on their respective tenure. Also there is the need for securing land-use rights through improved tenancy arrangements to better meet the interests of small, tenant and landless farmers.

The partial substitution of the ureter using a pediculated double short segments of the ileum is a technique used to re-establish ureteral transit and preserve the renal unit, following the resection of extensive ureteral lesions. Standard surgical procedure for an ileoureteroplasty consists of isolating an ileal duct of equal or greater length than the ureteral defect and interposing it in the urinary tract in an isoperistaltic direction.Monti described a surgical technique that allows for the creation of catheterizable stomas in continent urinary diversions, using the Mitrofanoff principle. These passageways were created from one or several 2.5 cm long ileal sections by means of their detubulization and transverse retubulization.

The study was carried out to ascertain the antioxidant effect of vitamin E on sub-acute toxicological effects of alpha cypermethrin in male albino rats using hepatic enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (Alkphos) as indicators. Nine albino rats divided into 3 groups were fed diets mixed with vitamin E for 2 weeks to saturation prior experiment were administered with alpha cypermethrin intraperitoneally at concentrations of 50, 100 and 500mg /kg concentrations while the 4th group of 3 albino rats were fed normal rat diet with distilled water and injected with physiological saline and compared with albino rats fed normal rat diets administered with alpha cypermethrin intraperitoneally at similar concentrations. The result showed dose dependent significant increases in mean ± SEM Aspartate transaminase, Alanine transaminase and Alkaline phosphatase in the cypermethrin treated when compared with the vitamin E treated male albino rats (P< 0.05). Alpha cypermethrin elicited severe dose dependent changes in the hepatic enzymes, while treatment with vitamin E reduced enzyme activities in male albino ratswith milder alterations. The results of this study have shown that vitamin E conferred some level of protection on Alpha cypermethrin treated male albino rats.

The study was carried out to determine the variations in growth hormone secretion in females between morning and evening. Blood samples were collected from 60 females at Elele, both in the morning and evening. The samples were assayed using ELISA-based Growth hormone assay to quantitate the growth hormone concentrations of these females between morning and evening. The result showed a significant increase in growth hormone secretion in the morning (4.70±0.54ng/ml) compared with (2.02±0.23ng/ml) obtained in the evening (P<0.05). Females less than 20 years of age (20 subjects) had the highest secretion in the morning (4.99±0.98) compared with the evening (2.35±0.35) while females within 20-30 years had4.58±1.04 and1.54±0.33 for morning and evening respectively. Females within 30-40 age group had 4.53±0.80 and 2.18±0.50 for morning and evening respectively. The result of this study suggest that Growth hormone pulse amplitude increased significantly in the morning after the onset of a night sleep (4.70±0.54) and was significantly greater than the secretion rate in the evening(2.02±0.23).

Nagaland lies in the extreme North-East corner of India at the confluence of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. For centuries, community fishing has played an indispensable and integral role in the social, cultural and religious life of the Naga. The community fishing also symbolizes a close interdependence between man and environment and demonstrates the sustainable use of resources with clear understanding of the eco-centric approach. The proposed paper tries to draw light on the cultural lives, practices and deep ecological understanding of the Ao Naga while sustainably utilizing the resources from their environment which is demonstrated through community fishing.

The title compound C24H22ClNOS, crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21/c with Z=8. The crystallographic parameters are a= 10.1508(2) ?, b= 10.6441(2) ?, c= 38.4180(6) and ?= 95.9500(10)°. There are two independent molecules per asymmetric unit. The dihedral angles between two phenyl rings are 82.85(7) for molecule 1 and 88.05 (10) for molecule 2. The stability of the structure is due to weak but significant C-H…O, ?-?, C-H… ? and C-Cl…? interactions. The structure has been refined to a final R = 0.0543 for the 7308 observed reflections with I ? 2? (I). Protein-ligand interaction plays an important role in structural based drugs design. In our research we have selected different receptor. The receptors were docked with thiazolidine derivative and the energy value obtained.

This study was an attempt to investigate the tourism in Deylam coastal city to determine the ability of this city in the field of tourism. In this study, library and documents method have been applied and for obtaining information field studies have been used. After gathering the existing data and statistics, potentials and tourism facilities in Deylam, at the end each of them were analyzes by SWOT model. Findings determined that today’s tourism is the most important economic activity of the world and on the other hand it is one of the most important scientific topics. Therefore policies, strategies and planning of tourism are the most important intellectual challenges of human science society; as a result it is the focused topic of interdisciplinary fields. Iran is a country with high tourist attractions. From the tourist attraction of Iran, beaches and ports are famous. Among the coastal cities, Bushehr has high potential of tourism. Among these cities, Deylam coastal town has the multiple abilities in the field of eco-tourism, history and economics. After the investigation and analysis of its’ tourism ability, following results obtained: Between the influential inner factor on tourism development in Deyla, 18 factors were considered as advantage and 10 factors were considered disadvantage. Between the influential external factor on tourism development in Deylam, 15 factors were considered as external opportunities and 11 factors were named as external threat. Majority of advantages of Deylam refers to the eco-tourism and economics abilities. Residential accommodation and reception centers of Deylam are not suitable and appropriate for catering of tourists. Deylam’s infrastructure needs more development for tourism. Foreign goods markets in Deylam are one of the most important abilities of tourism.

Security has become the greatest problem within and outside the organizations. User ID, passwords and firewalls are the common steps that organizations take to secure their computers. However, these are not so effective mediums in current context of unsecure eon. Intruders and attackers are so advanced that they access the computer and manipulate it, so they cannot be traced easily. Through this contribution objective is to find out & present existing intrusion detection system (IDS) with their pros and cons that will be helpful to select the best one and provide the secure environment so that system will be protected from intrusion and attacks.

With the advancement in wireless communication technology, various networks exists simultaneously. The variation in wireless network parameters is imprecise in nature. To handle this imprecise data fuzzy logic can be used as an important tool for wireless network algorithms. Application of fuzzy logic/fuzzy controller in wireless communications is presented in this paper. The objective of this paper is to highlight the importance of use of fuzzy logic based algorithms in heterogeneous wireless environment. This paper will focus on application of fuzzy logic in cognitive radio, wireless sensor networks, decision making in heterogeneous wireless environment, routing in mobile Ad-hoc networks etc.