Archives-July 2011

This paper is an attempt to examine the empirical evidence of International Fisher Effect (IFE) between Bangladesh and its two other major trading partners, China and India. The IFE uses interest rate differentials to explain why exchange rates change over time. A time series approach is considered to trace the relationship between nominal interest rates and exchange rates in these countries. The estimated value, by applying OLS, is used to determine the casual relationship between interest rates and exchange rates for quarterly data from 4th Quarter, 1995 to the 2nd Quarter, 2008. The empirical results suggest that there is a little correlation between exchange rates and interest rates differential for Bangladesh with China and Bangladesh with India, and the relationship between the variables is also not noteworthy for Bangladesh. Further, the trends advocate that the forecasting of exchange rates with the hypothesis of IFE is not realistic for these countries.

Vermicompost sample was produced by Eudrilus eugeniae in cowdung was collected from the Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute- Deemed University, Gandhigram. The sample was serially diluted and bacterial cultures were isolated and they were identified based on their characteristics as Micrococcus sp., Alcaligens sp., Tricoccus sp., Azomonas sp., and Paracaccus sp. These five bacterial isolates were subjected to screening for Indole acetic acid (IAA) production and all the bacterial colonies showed positive results for IAA production. Among the five isolates, Alcaligens sp. produced more amount of IAA (10µg/ml) when compared to all the other organisms. Hence Alcaligens sp was chosen for plant growth studies at 1 to 5 ml concentration. The isolate at 5 ml showed improved germination percentage of Vigna unguiculata seeds and it also showed improved shoot length (13.25 cm), root length (4.99 cm), number of leaves (5.0), chlorophyll content of leaves a-(0.0025 mg/g), b-(0.177 mg/g), total chlorophyll (1.351 mg/g), fresh weight (1.07 g) and dry weight (0.08 g) on the 7 day when compared to the control and the lower concentrations (1,2,3,4 and 5 ml).

The institution of Zakah is considered significant by being one of the five pillars of Islam and especially for its multiple references in the Qur’an immediately after Salah. Upon this, great scholars of Islamic jurisprudence either in the past or present have written extensively to demonstrate its religious importance, philosophy, rules and regulations. However, contemporary Muslim scholars who are grounded in Islamic knowledge and economics are now bringing its economic significance to the limelight. Thus, an attempt has been made in this paper to explore and present the fiscal characteristics and dynamics of the institution of Zakah, which makes it a potent fiscal tool, particularly as a source of public revenue, a determinant of expenditure and as an automatic stabilizer in an Islamic economic framework. Therefore, this paper argues that the institution of Zakah has the fiscal potency to stimulate the economic growth of Muslim countries, if and only if it is properly incorporated into the central public economic plan of Muslim economies and given all the necessary legislations and conducive atmosphere to operate.

The national water policy of India is not concomitant with its land use pattern. The countries constituting the SAARC recognise trade and economic relationships among the member countries of Pakistan, Bangladesh, Srilanka, Nepal, Bhutan and Maldives but does not attempt at a comprehensive land and water resources policy for the region. But the rivers flowing in the SAARC region are not confined to national boundaries. In a similar manner no such policy exists among the member states of India. Population growth, unchecked urban migration against limited land and water resources has led to piecemeal and short term approaches to management rather than attempting at holistic global solutions in land and water sharing among the member states of India. For instance in Tamilnadu, water starved state, sharing of waters from the 45 rivers from neighbouring Kerala state has not been successful so far. With the result these rivers originating in Kerala flow waste to Arabian sea. One of the major drawbacks occurring in these exercises is the Tamilnadu has so far been concerned at its own interest in procuring water from Kerala rather than attempting to point out the benefits accruing to kerala which has no space to store the water. Research done in this regard reveal that benefits accruing to Kerala state are substantial in comparison with Tamilnadu.

Every fuzzy context free language L(G) can be generated by N-triangular form of fuzzy context free grammar is Proved in this paper with illustrated examples.

The women entrepreneurship development is influenced by many complicated factors including economical, social, cultural and physiological prevailing in the society. Keeping this in view, the present study focused on the motivating factors influencing women entrepreneurship and these identified factors were Autonomy and Adequate Income, Flexible Working Environment, Opportunities to use & develop human capacity, Inducement of Empowerment and growth and Promotion of Societal Responsiveness and moreover, women entrepreneurs were also encountered with certain problems which are discussed in detail in this paper.

Mean labeling of graphs was discussed in [10] and the concept of odd mean labeling was introduced in [9].  k-odd mean labeling and (k, d) - odd mean labeling are introduced and discussed in [5], [6], [7]. In this paper, we introduce the concept of k-even mean labeling and investigate k-even mean labeling of C_n È P_m.

The antibacterial activity of methanolic crude extract of Diacure, a polyherbal formulation was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans as test strains at different concentrations (80, 90 and 100?l/disc). Better antibacterial activity was observed with the extracts of diacure, that showed excellent inhibitory activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans at concentration of 100 ?l/disc. Among different bacteria tested Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were found to be more sensitive to crude extract when compared to others. HPLC analysis of the crude extract of diacure, a polyherbal formulation of 11 medicinal plants showed four different Phenolic acids (Tannic acid, Gallic acid, Ferulic acid and Caffeic acid). The results of the study provide scientific basis for the use of the plant extract in the future development as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory agent.

This study aims to determine on the effectiveness of face to face interaction in establishment of SME brand personality. It helps to extend the understanding on effectiveness of face to face interaction, and important element in establishment of SME brand personality. To date, there have been minimal studies conducted on brand personality of SME restaurant either brand personality has been acknowledged by several service marketing researchers to have a great influence on consumer behaviors in various aspects such as consumer favorite and usage. Therefore from the data presented in this study, it can be expected that the findings can benefit both the industrial community and the academia by giving a new source of ideas and information. This study also adopted the variables that were used in web interaction by Bernard Jaworski and Jeffry F. Rayport (2001) to implement it to the face to face interaction. Future research should focus on the similar study of effectiveness of face to face interaction in fast food industry and others service sectors.

Different concentrations of vermicompost such as 25% (25kg vc: 75 kg red soil), 50% (50kg vc:50 kg red soil), 75% (75kg vc:25 kg red soil), and 100% (100 kg vc) produced by earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae, were added to red soil in polythene bags. Maize plants (Zea mays L.) were grown on vermicompost-enriched soil for 90 days. The plants were harvested at the end of 90 days and the kernels were collected. In the present investigation the number of kernels was counted; the length, breadth, and circumference of kernels were measured; the weight of kernel and total weight of all kernels were calculated. The maximum kernel number of 598.55/corn and the highest length of 1.71cm/kernel were noticed in the plants cultivated on 75% vermicompost concentration whereas the maximum kernel breadth of 1.40cm/kernel, circumference of 3.07cm/kernel, weight of 0.41 gm/kernel and total weight of all kernels (232.43gm/corn) were noticed in the plants grown on 50% vermicompost concentration. At the same time minimum kernel number of 69.42/corn, low kernel length of 0.80cm/kernel, breadth of 0.60cm/kernel, circumference of 2.02cm/kernel, weight of 0.08gm/kernel and total weight of all kernels (5.55gm/corn) were found in the control plants. The present investigation clearly revealed that the addition of vermicompost to soil greatly enhanced the kernel yield in maize.