Archives-July 2011

As per the positivist economic approach, development is only an economic issue and it excludes the social and cultural aspects of the concept. This is the reason that they have been undermining the significance of human rights friendly definition of IPRs. According to Article 1 of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 “Self Determination is the right to freely determine Political status and to freely pursue… economic, social & cultural development. ”The western approach concentrates more on progress of science and ignores totally the existence of science. So the study of IPRs without human rights approach is not complete in itself. As the new IP regimes will have wide ranging socio-economic, technological and political impact, so the study of IPRs in human rights context is inevitable. The paper concentrates on this very aspect while highlighting the human right to health and IPR related human rights aspects of indigenous communities including right to culture, self determination, food and subsistence etc.

Objectives of the present study are to investigate empirically the impact of exports on economic growth of Indonesia. For empirical estimation of export function, simple log linear regression equation and the method of least squares have been utilized. Empirical results revealed that the impact of export is significant with positive sign during the study period. It means that due to promotion of exports, economic growth of Indonesia would increase. The findings of this study suggest that the policy makers need to expand volume of exports in order to achieve higher level of economic growth and improve social well-being of the community.

Fertilizer is defined as any substance which is organic or inorganic, natural or artificial, supplies one or more of the chemical elements required for plant growth. Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen are directly supplied by air and water and therefore not treated as nutrients by the fertilizer industry. One of the vital industries for the Indian economy is the Indian Fertilizer Industry as it manufactures a very critical raw material for agriculture which is the major occupation of the country. The fertilizers especially like the ammonia urea plants are energy demanding in their operation. The fertilizer industry is passing through a critical phase which promises to significantly alter the future of the industry. The country needs to ensure smooth and timely availability of fertilizer to all parts of the country. The marketing divisions of the fertilizer industry will continue to handle millions of tonnes of fertilizer material. Greater responsibilities will be thrust upon the marketing personnel as they are among the limited gateways to rural India. New opportunities are likely to unfold in the rural sector which will encourage fertilizer industry to add new activities for their marketing divisions. The present study investigates the different aspects of the process of marketing of fertilizers. Specifically, an attempt has been made to study the marketing practices of the fertilizers producers supplying fertilizer to the farmers in Haryana.

The present study deals with the novels selected for analysis at the thematic level of the works of Kiran Desai. This area has been discussed with a view to provide various cues to make use of Indianness. At the critical and thematic levels, Indian surroundings and the Indian social life emphasizing the Indian Scenario, village community, and hierarchical behaviour, customs, practices and beliefs are widely discussed to unleash various nuances happening in the novels vividly displayed by the author.

This article studies the problems and obstacles impeding the development of tourism industry in Iran focusing on marketing and promotion. For this purpose, it initially deals with the literature of tourism and marketing and then the importance of the research is expressed. After the data was collected and analyzed, the following items were identified as main obstacles to the development of tourism industry in Iran: lack of promotion in Iran’s attractions in target markets; inefficiency of national and international transportation facilities and systems; low quality of services such as hospitality and entertainment facilities; International negative publicity against Iran and insufficient training of people who are involved in the country’s tourism industry. The results from the research indicated that lack of promotions in the target markets (outside Iran) has become an obstacle to attracting tourists to Iran and negative untrue publicity against Iran launched by some international communities has become an obstacle to attracting tourists to the country. It was also confirmed that lack of suitable accommodations and recreation/entertainment facilities has become an obstacle to attracting tourists to Iran and the low quality of transportation in the country has become an obstacle to attracting tourists to Iran.

The objective of this study is two fold. First, the present study seek to examine the relationship between logistics cost and sales. Second, this relationship is achieved economies of scales or not. The study is based on secondary data of top ten food companies during the period of 2008-09. The result reveals that Indus foods products limited has received highest sales growth during this period due to less logistic costs. However, there is some unusual trend has been seen in other firm’s logistic costs and sales perspectives. Thus, the study concluded that logistics cost has a strategic importance in accomplishing companies long tem goals.

Stress is a part and parcel of modern day life. Everyone remain in stress for either short period or long period depending on their life style. It is well known fact that during stress epinephrine concentration in body rises several times. Now a days every one remain in stress for either short or long period due to changed life style and secrete increase amount of epinephrine in body according to duration of stress. Experimental group receives epinephrine@100 ng/kg b.w and 200 ng/kg b.w on day 1 and 14th of experiments and sacrificed after 4th week. Serum were collected for biochemical assay and tissues for histological study. Glucose level were incresed after increase in epinephrine concentration in mice. Lipid peroxidation level were also increases in stressed group of mice. Hepatic cells and central vein were observed in degenerated condition. Beta cells degeneration were more in comparision to alpha cells in epinephrine administered group of mice. Thus it is concluded from entire study that increased stress causes increased level of glucose while lipid peroxidation level were also increased. Hepatic cells and beta cells of pancreas were degenerated which finally leads to diabetes in mice.

Rosa [13] introduced the notion of graceful labelings. The concept of magic, antimagic and conservative labelings have been extended to directed graphs [11]. Bloom and Hsu [3, 4, 5] extended the notion of graceful labeling to directed graphs. In 1985, Lo [12] introduced the notion of edge – graceful graphs. We introduced [8] the concept of edge – graceful labelings to directed graphs and further studied in [9]. In this paper we investigate directed edge – graceful labeling of trees.

The main objective of the study is to examine the directional causality between spot and futures market in Indian scenario. For this purpose, the study has used pair wise Granger Causality test. The study has used daily prices series in both spot market and futures market for the 40 sample individual stocks drawn from six leading sectors namely Automobiles, Banking, Cement, Gas, Oil & Refineries, Information Technology and Pharmaceutical. The period of study is from 1st January 1997 to 31st May 2009. The study finds that with the exception of Tata Motors, all the remaining Automobile companies showed bi-directional causality between spot and futures prices. Seven (out of selected nine) Banks showed bi-directional causality between spot and futures prices. In the Gas, Oil & Refineries sector, BPCL, HPCL, IOC and Reliance Industries showed bi-directional causality between spot and futures prices. Out of the seven IT firms, four companies did not show any causality between spot and futures prices. All the six selected Pharmaceutical companies witnessed bi-directional causality between spot and futures prices.

Propagation of large amplitude ion acoustic solitons are investigated in four component plasmas, whose constituents are inertial ions, nonthermal electrons, Boltzmannian positrons and dust particulates. The solitary waves as well as its properties are investigated through pseudopotential approach. It is observed that the presence of dust particulates considerably modify the potentials as well as width of the solitary wave.