Archives-January 2016

The effects of exposure from electromagnetic radiations of wireless cellular transmission towers on human health have attracted the attention of many researchers. Different works have revealed the harmful of electromagnetic radiation exposure to human health based on distance from the source and period of exposure. As one stays closer and at a pro-longed period from the transmission sites, the possibility of being affected by the radiation source becomes higher. This work was designed and conducted on the basis of selection of the three major telecommunication companies’ towers in Khartoum state, namely ZAIN, SUDANI and MTN. Generally, the measurements employed showed that bigger amount of radiations were detected right away closer to the tower and remain smaller when the distance from the tower is increased. The level of EMR is not that significant and still safe with reference to the recommendation of world health organization (WHO) and International telecommunication corporation (ITC). Therefore a non adverse obvious effect on the biological system is expected.

Visual cryptography is special type of technique for encipher the confidential visual information (e.g. printed text, handwritten notes, and picture) in such a way, that decipher can be performed by human visual system (HVS) without any complex process, providing high security. In this paper a simple but robust visual cryptography scheme is proposed. In this scheme the secret is encrypted using symmetric key encryption algorithm, and then this encrypted data will be hidden into an image file, divided into parts called shares and then they are distributed to the participants. Thus accomplishing both data encoding and hiding. Only piling of shares does not revile the secret until shares are stacked together in a particular fashion and provided with the key. It can be used to hide the original secret information from an intruder or an unwanted user. The shares are very safe because separately they reveal nothing about the secret image. The algorithm proposed by this scheme reduces a considerable time for encryption and decryption in a much easier way and ensures the lossless transmissions of images. The proposed encryption algorithm in this study has been tested on some images and showed good results.

England is as old as Methuselah. Historians can tell better. Nevertheless, agricultural historians can bear me witness that English agriculture has come of age. Under conventional conditions a generation is equivalent to one century. Therefore, eight generations require eight centuries. The question is what has made an island country conspicuous in the agricultural map of the world. Let us take a look .

The present article discuses the problems of new Unitary Quantum Theory in its applications to the different aspects of the reality. There are spectacular examples of such applications. The Modern science cannot explain origin of life's.

New transition metal [V(V), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II) and Cd(II)] complexes of (EPMPB) have been investigated in solution using Potentiometric and spectrophotometric methods. The composition of the complexes was determined to be 1:1 and/or 1:2 (M: L), the optimum conditions favouring the formation of the coloured complexes were studied extensively; protonation constants and their stability constants of the complexes were calculated. The stability constants of the formed complexes increase in the order Pd (II) > V (V) > Cu (II) > Co (II) > Ni (II) > Cd (II). Adherence to Beer's law was observed for the µgmL-1 concentration range form 0.31- 3.49 and 1.06 - 4.25(?gml-1) for Cu(II) ion and Pd(II) ions, respectively, Molar absorptive was 6,899 and 10,788 L mol-1 cm-1 for Cu(II) and Pd(II) ions, respectively.

This paper aims to highlight certain facts that help as well as constrain the production and marketing of coconuts in Karnataka. Based on the observation and analysis of the collected data, the paper concludes that both the production and marketing practices of coconut in Karnataka need to be made more professional if it has to continue to benefit the farmers and to assert its role in the Indian scenario.

In this paper we formulate a new local function called ?-closure local function and we construct ?-closure compatible spaces using ?-open sets. Further we introduce an operator ?_?(A) for each A ? P(X) by utilizing ?(A). Moreover we characterize the properties of ?-closure local function and investigate their relationship with other types of similar functions.

Diphenyl ketone (DPK), a semi-organic nonlinear optical material, has been synthesized and single crystals were grown from alcohol – ethanol solution at room temperature up to dimensions of 4.5cm×4.5cm×4cm. The unit cell parameters were determined from single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction studies. The structural perfection of the grown crystal has been analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. The variation of dielectric properties of the grown crystal with respect to frequency has been investigated at different temperatures. Microhardness measurements revealed the mechanical strength of grown crystal. The relative second harmonic efficiency of the compound is found to be 1.4 times greater than that of KDP. And the theoretical studies were conducted on the molecular structure and vibrational spectra of diphenyl ketone (DPK). The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of DPK were recorded in the solid phase. The molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies of DPK in the ground state have been calculated by using the density functional methods (B3LYP) invoking 6-311++G(d,p) and 6-311+G(d,p) basis set. The optimized geometric bond lengths and bond angles obtained by DFT method show best agreement with the experimental values. A detailed interpretation of the FT-IR and FT- Raman, Mullikan spectra of DPK was also reported. NBOs are localized electron pair orbitals for bonding pairs and lone pairs. UV–VIS spectrum of the compound was recorded and the electronic properties, such as HOMO and LUMO energies, were performed by time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) approach. Finally the calculations results were applied to simulated infrared and Raman spectra of the title compound which show good agreement with observed spectra. And the temperature dependence of the thermodynamic properties of constant pressure (Cp), entropy (S) and enthalpy change (?H0?T) for DPK were also determined. Keywords: DPK, HOMO- LUMO, UV, NBO, Mullikan, MEP.

Even though Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) allow for the involvement of the private sector in the provision of public infrastructure facilities as a result of budget constraints on the part of the public sector, the private sector is required to raise substantial part, or even the whole of the needed funds to complete PPP projects. Raising such funds could be challenging considering that long-term financial lending by commercial banks in Nigeria is evolving. The option of dedicated infrastructure funds managed by asset management firms is one that Nigeria ought to pursue with seriousness in order to effectively bridge the existing funding gap for infrastructure projects. This paper analyses the need to adopt infrastructure mutual funds as a means to provide funding for various PPP projects in the country. The paper argues that the population of Nigeria is an advantage as it provides a large investing market that can be tapped. The use of infrastructure mutual funds should be encouraged in order to have a greater percentage of the populace participating as against private equity infrastructure funds that target high net worth individuals as such funds usually make the rich get richer. The Paper concludes by recommending the introduction of specialist infrastructure mutual funds by the large asset management firms in the country.

Smooth and adhesive nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) and microcrystalline diamond (MCD) coatings have been achieved on a chemically etched cemented tungsten carbide (WC-6%Co) substrates, using hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) technique. Structural and micro-structural characteristics of these coatings were compared using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The parameters affecting the integrity of these coating-substrate systems were studied and mathematical analysis was carried out for calculating the force of de-lamination and load bearing capacity.