Archives-January 2015

Different organic solvent and aqueous extracts of leaf, stem bark and root bark of Annona squamosa L. were subjected separately to test their antibacterial activity by in-vitro methods like Disc diffusion method, agar well diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration method. The extracts of Annona squamosa L. shows a wide spectrum of antibacterial activities. The chemical compounds present in the experimental plant are biologically active and inhibit the growth of human pathogenic bacteria. Four species of bacteria were selected for the present study. Among them one is gram negative (Escherichia coli) and other three are gram positive (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megatherium, Bacillus cereus). The experimental results obtained justified the folk use of this species as a cicatrizant and vulnery agent.

The present study was undertaken to examine the influence of School related Hardiness and Achievement Motivation on Academic Achievement of Secondary School students. Descriptive survey method was employed to conduct it. Statistical techniques of product moment method of correlation and analysis of variance were employed to analyse data. There was no significant relationship found between Academic Achievement and school related Hardiness but a significant relationship was found between Academic Achievement and Achievement Motivation. Significant main effect of Achievement Motivation was revealed on the Academic Achievement of students at .05 level but there was no significant main effect of school related Hardiness on Academic Achievement. Results also indicated statistically significant interaction at .05 level between school related Hardiness and Achievement Motivation with regard to Academic Achievement. Overall, these findings provide new insights about a comprehensive understanding of School related Hardiness and Achievement Motivation as correlates of Academic Achievement.

Tobacco use is the leading cause of mortality all over the world. Smokeless tobacco contains higher quantities of nicotine than most cigarettes. Over the past few decades the use of tobacco among women of reproductive ages has increased. Exposure to the toxins present in the tobacco interferes with the endometrial receptivity, endometrial angiogenesis and uterine blood flow. 30 adult female Swiss albino rats were randomly selected. They were divided into three groups (n=10 each). Group A was kept as control. Experimental groups B&C consisted of rats which were given 5 % & 10% of smokeless tobacco in their feed respectively. Feed and water were given ad libitum. On 31stday the animals were sacrificed. Uterus of all the animals were removed and weighed. The tissues were processed for histological examination under light microscopy using H & E and Trichrome stains. A significant decrease in the weight of the uterus was observed (P value ? 0.001). The histological changes in the uterus of experimental groups revealed severe cystically dilated sub mucosal glands. Endometrial glands also showed marked atrophy (P value ? 0.001). From this study it can be concluded that the smokeless form of tobacco causes adverse effects on the endometrium of the female Swiss albino rats. Long term use of this form of tobacco may lead to adverse reproductive outcomes or other pathological conditions of uterus.

Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has been used as a vital instrument in defending the network from this malicious activity. With the ability to analyze network traffic and recognize incoming and on- going network attack, majority of network administrator has turn to IDS to help them in detecting anomalies in network traffic. The gathering of information and analysis on the anomalies activity can be classified into fast and slow attack. Since fast attack activity make a connection in few second and uses a large amount of packet, detecting this early connection provide the administrator one step ahead in deflecting further damages towards the network infrastructure. This paper describes IDS that detects fast attack intrusion using time based detection method. The time based detection method calculates the statistic of the frequency event which occurs between one second time intervals for each connection made to a host thus providing the crucial information in detecting fast attack.

In this paper, a deterministic mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases among infants in a vaccinated and temporary recovered population is proposed. Although the equilibria of the model could not be expressed in closed forms, the existence and threshold conditions for their stabilities are theoretically investigated. The standard dynamical modelling methods are used for analyzing the behaviours of the solutions both at the disease free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium. In addition, the conditions of the parameters for the disease free and endemic states are obtained through the basic reproductive number. The results of this study guide the way to reduce the disease outbreak among the infants.

A simple method to pre-concentrated Citalopram on C18 modified carbon nanotubes in column has been applied as stationary phase which is used to measure the concentration of Citalopram in water samples by means of solid-phase extraction. To measure 250 mL water samples and 250mg C18 modified carbon nanotubes could be applied. Next step is to measure the Citalopram by injecting them to the gas chromatography with flame ionization. The advantages of applying HPLC with SPE in presence C18 modified carbon nanotubes are high sensitivity, High speed transformation of Citalopram and improving ration standard for river waters with Citalopram in the range of ppb or those with less than 10% of LOD. The quantity of extraction could be affected by sample's pH, amount of solvent, washing liquid type, solvent and flow rates of the sample solutions. The percentage recovery by SPE was 98.00 and the validation parameters proved the precision of the method and its applicability for the determination of citalopram in human plasma.

The study aims to determine the reliability of the Learning Environment Preferences (LEP) inventory among counselor trainees. A total of 100 subjects consisting of final-year students from the Guidance and Counseling Program in local universities, participated in this study. Results from the study found a high validity value of .948 for all the inventory items. The results also showed high reliability for the entire sub-scale items, achieving Cronbach’s Alpha values of .755 to .889. Based on these results, the LEP is considered appropriate to be used in order to test counselor trainees’ cognitive complexity.

Algerian oil as a new source of carbon is used to prepare the carbon nanospheres (CNSs) by pyrolysis method. A mixture of crude oil and FeCl3.6H2O solution as catalyst was injected into the reaction furnace to produce CNSs in an inert atmosphere, followed by multi step purification to remove different impurities. The carbon nanospheres have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-rays spectroscopy (EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and FTIRspectrum. The SEM image reveals that these CNSs have smooth surfaces and uniform particles with a diameter lower than 500 nm. the XRD and Raman studies shows that the graphitization degree of CNSs is not high , while the EDAX analysis shows that more than 98 % of the CNSs is carbon, FTIR proved the presence of new functions after samples treatment such as acid function. This study reports the optimization of various process parameters such as, temperature of reaction (860-940°C), process Time (90-150min)and mass ratio catalyst/Crude oil (0.83 10-3-2.4810-3 g/g) for increasing the Yield of CNSs. A MODDE 6.0 experimental design was employed for the optimization of synthesis of crude oil to ensure high production of carbon nanospheres in a low catalyst concentration and high temperature for a short length of time. The analysis of variance showed a high coefficient of determination value (R2 = 0.965) and Maximum CNSs production was predicted and experimentally validated, the optimized process conditions were identified to be reaction temperature of 900°C, duration synthesis of 113min and mass ratio catalyst /crude oil of 0.8 10-3 g/g with a yield of 13.23 %.

The west is China's more backward areas, the vast land, backward economy, education shortage. National energetical implementation of the western development, not only refers to the western economy development, the more refers to the big western manpower resource development, the western education big development. After entering WTO, the western education big development should be even more forward-looking view of the world, from the development of the west education. English as a platform of communication with the world, of course, in the western education development occupies important position. How to combine the western actual situation to learn English, to teach English, in English, this paper is to explore the key. Distance education learners were aged between 20 to 45 years old, therefore we can say remote education learners the majority is adult students. Adult students often have and adolescent their students' different learning characteristic, for instance, in psychological level, adult understanding ability is stronger, learn to compare self-discipline; But its physiological conditions gradually increases with age, such as listening, memory decline, imitate ability, all these have a negative effect on English learning. So how to make these students learning benefit, output greater than the input? The author thinks that structure - of communicative teaching method and its application are student’s best medicine.

Part or all of the mesh can be eliminated by using the compact support, the orthogonality and other properties of the wavelet function and the meshless algorithm to enhance the computing capability. A meshless algorithm was proposed based on the wavelet basis function. Combine the advantages of both wavelet function and meshless method. Wavelet transform is introduced into the element-free method to build the form that wavelet basis function meshless method formula. The method is applied in analysis of electromagnetic field. We give the method of discrete model, and use Lagrange multiplier method realizing essential boundary conditions. Numerical examples show the new method is effective for solving electromagnetic field.