Archives-January 2015

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of irrigation methods and operating pressure in water use efficiency and maize yield in the field of the collage of Agriculture / University of Baghdad in 2013. The experiment carried out by using split plot design under randomized complete block design with three replications. Three levels of operational pressures included: 30 , 50 and 70 kpa which represented main plot and Two levels of irrigation method included: subsurface and surface drip irrigation which represented sub plot using T-tape type were used in this study .Bulk density , plant height , plant yield and water use efficiency were studies. A locally made combine implement was used in this experiment for tillage and Subsurface Irrigation Tubes Instillation. The results showed that the pressure 30 kpa and surface drip irrigation was superior in getting less bulk density of soil 1.45?g . m-³, while using 70 kpa pressure and subsurface irrigation got the highest plant height 180.32 cm and highest plant yield 9.25 ton / ha and efficient use of water 1.45 kg / m ³. Accordingly using 70k pa pressure and subsurface irrigation which gave the best field indication are recommended.

This study is an attempt to investigate a comparative analysis using Natural Semantic Metalanguage. The refusal patterns of speech acts was contrasted in English and Persian fairy tales to see if it could provide evidence of applicable efficacy of NSM model which is claimed to be universal. The descriptive technique was the cultural scripts approach, using semantic primes proposed in the NSM theory. The cultural scripts were presented in both English and Persian Metalanguages. The data were collected from some English and Persian fairy tales. The results showed the applicability of NSM model for cross-cultural comparisons. Then, the paper concludes with the pedagogical implications of the development of the theory of cultural scripts for teaching L2 socio-pragmatics in communicative interaction routines.

The results of the first for Bulgaria ecomonitoring researches, carried out during three seasons (spring, summer and autumn) of 2011 in 4 biotopes of the Vit River valley in the direction middle – lower course trough tests performed to find chemical pollution, are presented; analysis of the biological diversity of bioindicative groups of organisms (bioindicative macroinvertebrate fauna), occupying different trophical levels in the researched freshwater ecosystems. The physicochemical monitoring was made on the basis of indicators of: acidity, insoluble substances, conductivity, biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate ions, sulphate ions, copper, lead, etc.

j-QAF system was introduced in 2005. Despite it's aimed at developing characteristics and comprehension of Muslim students in Jawi, Al-Quran, Arabic Language and FardhuAin, there are still some issues and challenges occurred. This article aimed at identifying factors that hurdle j-QAF program in recent years, and suggests possible solution. Secondary data from Six Month Khatam Al-Quran Model and Tasmik (Al- Quran) Model Progress Report of year 2005 to 2009 was comparatively and descriptively analyzed. Problem, suggestions and solutions are further discussed. It is hope that it will contribute to enhance the system and therefore empower Muslim students in Malaysia.

Water has been a precious resource for human life. The extent of utility of water resource for any purpose is dependent on a variety of factors like economic development, standard of living, industrialization and agriculture practices in a particular region. The ground water is a major source of domestic and agricultural activities in the present study area. The study area is classified into two divisions, the northern Command area and the southern Non-command area both lying in the same climatic region. The Command area is occupied by limestones and the Non-command area by hills of Quartzites, Phyllites and Shales. The results revealed that ground waters in the study area are slightly alkaline in nature. In terms of potability, although, concentrations of many parameters are within the limits of dirnking water quality standards (WHO (1993), ISI(1991) the ground water of the area is effected by the excess of salinity content, the excess of which can cause gastrointestinal problems to the local population.

Shahnameh is a comprehensive collection containing sixty thousand lines due to mystical, heroic, and historical careers. The mystical career includes the kingdom of Kaumars to Fereidun concerning with Kaveh’s revolution until Rustam’s death. The historical career is based upon the end of Kian’s kingdom and after mingling with heroic tales.One of the most important sources of Shahnameh is Aboomansuri’s Shahnameh. Furthermore, there are some tales about Rustam and Garshasb’s tribes, while the narrator is Azadsarr.Ferdusi has considered the ancestor’s plot very much, he said, he has made a big palace which was untouched by rain and wind, and it would not be disturbed by passing years.

The present study was conducted to determine frequency of contraceptive use and evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of married male towards contraceptive methods at Mithi, Sindh. Cross sectional survey. Taluka Mithi District Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan from May to July 2012. Total 323 cases were included in the study. Data was on a pre tested questionnaire. Study population comprised of married males aged 15-55 years living at Taluka Mithi. Data was entered in SPSS 21.0. Simple frequencies and percentages were calculated. Of 323 number of participants, only 89% (n=287) had the knowledge of contraceptive methods. A number of 34% (n=113) participants responded that they use different method, remaining were not able to respond clearly which may be due to little knowledge. Most of the study participants were of view that using contraceptive methods is the job of female spouses. The present study shows that majority of male do not use contraceptive method. The male behavior reveals that they are not interested in family planning and child spacing as they think it a matter of female.

This work examined the efficiencies of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) estimators in lagged and unlagged models. Literature has shown gain in efficiency of SUR estimator over OLS estimator when the errors are correlated across equations. This paper studied the efficiencies of these estimators in a lagged and unlagged models and also sought a comparative study of these estimators in both models.Data was simulated for sample sizes 50, 100 and 1000 with 5000 bootstrapped replicates in each case with the predictors having Gaussian distribution. Results from the study showed that both estimators were efficient in each model with the SUR estimator being consistently more efficient than the OLS estimator as the sample size increased. On the assessment of the models, the unlagged model was found to be more efficient than the lagged model in small sample but converged as sample size increased.

The current research is focused on the need to find an economical adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. The research was performed to assess the potential of a biocarbon generated from medicinal plant called Phyllanthus niruri (Phyllanthaceae) as an adsorbent in the removal of heavy metals from solution. Results from batch adsorption studies on the effect of pH, contact time, different concentration of Cu metal ions were used to estimate the optimum adsorption conditions. The obtained results showed that, the adsorption of the metal ions was dependent on adsorbent dosage, contact time and pH. The optimum adsorbent dosage, and pH, was found to be at 2.5 g and pH 4.4 respectively. The effective contact time was 150min at 30 0C. The study also showed that activated carbon produced from Phyllanthus Niruri biomass can be efficiently used as low cost alternative for removal of metal ions.

The biosorption is an effective and versatile method and can be easily adopted in low cost to remove heavy metals from large amount of industrial wastewaters. The biocarbon obtained from medicinal plant called Ocimum sanctum (Lamiaceae) is considered as a cheap materials for the removal of lead ions for aqueous solution. From batch biosorption studies, the effect of pH, contact time, different concentration of Pb(II) ions were used to estimate the optimum biosorption conditions. Removal efficiency of the biocarbon for Pb(II) ion in aqueous solution is maximum (87.5%) at pH 5.5. The effective contact time is 150min and the optimum biocarbon dose is 2.5g/100ml. The results indicate that, the percentage removal of metal ion increases progressively with the increase in amount of biocarbon dose. The activated biocarbon Ocimum sanctum was investigated as a replacement for the current expensive methods of removing metal ions from aqueous solutions.