Archives-January 2014

This paper analyzes the influence of thermal radiation on Soret and Dufour, steady MHD free convection heat and mass transfer from a vertical surface in a doubly stratified Darcy porous medium with viscous dissipation. The governing non–linear partial differential equations have been reduced to the coupled ordinary differential equations by the similarity transformations. The resulting equations are then solved numerically by using the implicit finite difference scheme. The effects of various parameters entering into the problem have been examined on the flow field. The non dimensional velocity, wall temperature and concentration profiles are displayed graphically and discussed in detail.

In this research we try to demonstrate the national unity from the viewpoint of political culture in Iran and its connection with national unity on theory Internal Solidarity Diamond. On another word the main hypothesis in this research is the effect of political culture on national unity. Regarding that in addition to political culture there are other elements like economic structure, social, cultural and political structures are also influential on the regarding phenomenon. The main objective of this research is to study the effect of political culture on national unity in Iran. The research method in this research is also analytic – descriptive. According to the results of this research, in Iran, because of long existence of autocratic authorities, they have been the creator of a kind of culture that is based on distrust, autocracy, self-orientation, negative individualism, omission, destructions, aggressiveness and etc. the consistency and long life of this authorities result in strengthening of this culture type among elites and bulk of people in a way that during the development of this political culture, this has transformed into a independent variable. This kind of culture has a negative and not constructive effect on producing agreement between elites and national unity. Evolution in political culture in order to gain national unity is a necessity.

The “biological monitoring” has been widely used to assess the environment impact of pollutant discharges. The methodology must be evaluated in terms of false positives and false negatives. A false positive is an indication that an excursion beyond previously established quality control conditions (i.e., unacceptable conditions) has occurred when, in fact, one has not. A false negative is an indication that conditions are acceptable when, in fact, they are not. Statistics must play a more important role in biological monitoring because they are capably of explicit statement of confidence in the biological monitoring results. With appropriate statistical evaluation of the data, professional judgment on whether to initiate immediate action or wait for more confirming data will be more objective and reliable. In order to optimize the usefulness of biological monitoring, the selection of biological monitoring methodology shall not be based on the investigator’s favorite organism or group of organisms. Neither can be a convenient methodology adopted by regulatory agencies. The selections must be based on the compatibility of data generated with the decision making process, including the statistical establishment of confidence in the result obtained.

By the approval of the law of higher education’s structure, the necessity of making fundamental changes in the system of management in Iranian universities has become obvious. The most important part of these changes is related to the financial system of the universities. By considering the transformation of economic system into operational economic classification, changes in economic situations of higher educations are more than ever essential. The methodology used in this study is descriptive-analytical and attempt was made to describe and elaborate on the economic management based on the data obtained from libraries and Iran’s higher education programs.

VLSI Industry is moving at high speed towards miniaturization. With miniaturization it faces a problem of power and heat dissipation. Thus we need a superior technology that circumvents this problem. Solution is implementing Reversible logic. A lot of research has been already done in the field of reversible computing. This paper presents a review of such reversible sequential circuits in literature from basic elements to complex circuits.

Methane is a potential greenhouse gas emitted from natural sources like wetlands, enteric fermentation in livestocks and human activities like landfills, coal mining, wastewater treatment plants and manure management to mention a few. Methanogens are obligate anaerobes present in diverse anoxic environment, forms an exclusive component of gut ruminants and have been found to have health implications in animals and recently reported in human hind gut and possible role in pathogenesis. The practical problem faced with the research in methanogens is the difficulties in isolation and detection of the organisms in the environmental samples and the in this regard antibodies may pave way for novel applications, Generation of antibodies from egg yolk have already been demonstrated to be more beneficial than other sources. Egg yolk antibodies can be generated by injecting whole cell suspensions of methanogen strains into the veins of white leg horn chickens followed by harvesting of egg yolk antibodies, their characterization, evaluating the IgY antibodies affinity to whole cell suspension and purified antigen, further optimization of antigen antibodies reaction and development of DOT-ELISA for detection of methanogens. It is already reported that the feeding of ruminants with anti-methanogens antibodies can reduce the load of methanogens in the gut of cattle that may lead to reduction in global methane emission

To catalogue the medicinal plant wealth of Karian Shola MPCA, Coimbatore District of Tamilnadu, Southern India and to categorize the RET status and their need for conservation along with the Ethnobotanical knowledge of the medicinal plants. Field trips were made to collect the medicinal plants from Karian Shola MPCA, Anamalais, Coimbatore District, Tamilnadu during January 1994 to December 1995. A total of 300 species of angiosperms, of which 6 are additions to the Flora of Tamilnadu, 50 endemic plants, 15 Red listed taxa, 20 highly traded medicinal plants and 27 ethno-medicinal Plants were documented from the study area. The study emphasized the need for in situ conservation along with the wild plants used by the Malasars and Kadars were also provided.

Leadership is the ability through which people follow a leader at their own will. Leaders do not exert any influence upon others; instead they give a vision and have a clear picture and prerequisite skills of how to achieve it. Educational leadership is the process of directing the potentialities and energies of teachers, students, parents and all the stakeholders towards the achievement of shared educational goals. It has become evident through researches that leadership is that ability which is genderless. Comparative studies related to gender in school administration has proved that under female leadership the performance level and learning achievement of students was higher. The prime responsibility of educational leaders is to convert teaching institutions into learning institutions. The gender differences in leadership styles are observable but it is not proved that men are better leaders as compared to women. Both of them can excel in effective educational leadership if they show the prerequisite qualities.

The mangroves are the dominant flora of the estuarine ecosystem, showing different adaptations with unrelated species. Therefore in present investigation attempts were made to study vegetation characters of the mangroves from Western Maharashtra of India. The area is unique due to its diversity and dominant species occurred at different sites. It mainly consists of species like A. marina, A. officinalis, Rhizophora mucronata etc. with dominance occurring commonly at all the study sites. Sensitivity and adaptability of the species in the critical ecosystem become important to assess the vulnerability of a species.

Experiments were carried out to study the effects of water blanching on the quality of bottle gourds over a temperature range of 85–100 0C. Bottle gourd slices with thickness 5, 10 and 15 mm were selected for the blanching treatments. These blanching treatments were evaluated with respect to the inactivation time of peroxidase (POD) and the process was optimized on the basis of maximum retention of vitamins and nutrients, and minimum loss in yield of extracted juice. The most effective water blanching treatment was 3.67 min at 100 0C in 5 mm slices thickness. At this time–temperature-slices thickness combination, PODs were completely inactivated and the yield, ascorbic acid contents, pH and TSS of bottle gourds juice were found to be 69.40 %, 7.25 mg/100 ml. 6.32 and 3.67 0Brix respectively. The thermal inactivation of POD in fruits and vegetables using various enzyme inactivation processes available in the literature was critically studied. The time-temperature-slices thickness combination during hot water blanching provided a good description of the inactivation of POD in bottle gourds over the temperature range of 85–100 0C and slices thicknesses of 5-15 mm.