Archives-January 2013

The current study contended with studying explicitation phenomenon in a Farsi-English corpus. For doing so, five anecdotes selected at random from Sa'di's Golestan and their English translations extorted from "Sadi's Gulistan or Flower Garden" by James Ross (1890) were analyzed. In view of that, the researchers went through the anecdotes and their translations to extort the explicitation cases occurred through the procedure of translation. The result of the study showed explicitation has been used in the translations.

Today, since industrial clusters affect the organizational competitiveness both national and international levels and introduces a new perspective towards the location of business establishment, most countries use industrial cluster development strategy. Industrial clusters have been also considered in Iran and the industries adapted to and coordinated with the mentioned approach have tried to locate their business at the better conditions of competition and market gain within the country, region and throughout the world. In this article, at first industrial cluster, its advantages and disadvantages have been defined, and then, the history of industry and industrial cluster of Yazd province and Yazd ceramic and tile cluster performance examination tools and at the end, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats Yazd ceramic and tile cluster have been investigated.

Comparative study of the adsorption capacities of four calcareous shells for Pb(II), Cr(VI) and Fe(II) was investigated. The study was conducted at room temperature as a function of pH, initial concentration of the metals and contact time. Optimum sorption at pH of 2.0, 5.0 and 6.0 was observed for Fe (II), Cr (VI) and Pb (II) respectively. Adsorption removal efficiency increased proportionally to contact time and decreased as the initial concentration was increased. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were applied to model the process and good fitness was found for Langmuir R² > 9.5 with values of R_L<1. Pseudo second-order kinetic provided the best fit for the experimental data with calculated values of q_e almost equal to the experimental values. Chemical reaction was determined to be the primary mechanism of adsorption. Results indicated that animal shells could be employed as excellent adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater pollutants.

Nigeria is one of the countries of the world with a variety of oil seeds, therefore the potential of Nigeria leading Africa, and the world at large, in the area of seeds oil production was examined by evaluating the oil yield and physicochemical qualities of oil extracted from Citrullus lanatus from the southern region of the country. The lipid content of Citrullus lanatus seeds was found to be 57.26%. The iodine, saponification, acid, free fatty acid, peroxide, specific gravity, refractive index and pH, were analysed using standard procedures and values were found to be 114.94g I₂/100g, 220.19 mgKOH/g, 7.09 mgKOH/g, 4.512%, 20.00 meq/kg, 0.913, 1.35, and 4.45 respectively. The oil contains five main fatty acids: palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic are linolenic acids, but the most abundant fatty acid is linoleic with a value of 64.15% which is used industrially as a drying agent in gloss paint. Due to their high oil yield and abundance, oils from Citrullus lanatus seeds may be considered as Nigeria potential asset for soap production and other industrial applications.

In the modern commercial era, companies and their managers are subjected to well publicized pressure to play an increasingly active role in society – so called “Corporate social responsibility”. It has been argued that an element in this development is simply enlightened self-interest in that social responsibility enhances corporate image and financial performance. To date the evidence to support this thesis derives from North America. Outside this continent evidence for any relationship is sparse. This study will initially attempt to definethe concept of corporate social responsibility and to examine its guiding principles. Subsequently, the available empirical research into the link between corporate social responsibility and economic performance will be evaluated this study examines different impacts of positive and negative CSR activities on financial performance of hotel, restaurant and airline companies, theoretically based on positivity and negativity effects. Findings suggest mixed results across different industries and will contribute to companies’ appropriate strategic decision-making for CSR activities by providing more precise information regarding the impacts of each directional CSR activity on financial performance.

This study looked at the perceived effect of teenage pregnancy on agricultural productivity in Odeda local government area of Ogun state, Nigeria. About 120 respondents including pregnant teenagers, mothers who once had pregnancy in their teen ages, and other community members were purposively sampled through the snowball sampling method. Four objectives were pursued while a hypothesis was tested. The result indicated that poverty and parental styles are the two major causes of teenage pregnancy. Absence of male household heads is, however, not seen as a serious cause of teenage pregnancy. The study further showed that teenage pregnancy has a negative effect on agricultural production. The result of the tested hypothesis deduced that age, sex and religion has a positive relationship with their assessment of teenage pregnancy. Accessible, free and compulsory qualitative basic education and awareness campaigns on sex education are essentially needed in reducing the incidence of teenage pregnancy in rural areas.

Vibrational spectral analysis was carried out for  Methyl m-hydroxy benzoate (MMHB) and Methyl salicylate (MS) by using the FTIR and FT-Raman spectroscopy in the range of 4000cm^-1-400cm^-1 and 4000cm^-1-50cm^-1 respectively. The theoretical computational density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) was performed at 6-31G** levels to derive equilibrium geometry, vibrational wavenumbers, infrared intensities and Raman scattering activities. The complete vibrational assignment was performed on the basis of the potential energy distribution (PED), calculated with scaled quantum mechanics (SQM) method. Quantum chemical parameters such as the highest occupied molecular orbital energy (E_HOMO), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (E_LUMO), energy gap (?E), chemical potential (P_i), global hardness (?),and the softness (?), were calculated. The theoretical electronic absorption spectra have been calculated by using CIS methods. ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated by using gauge invariant atomic orbital (GIAO) method. The total atomic charges, natural charges and thermodynamic parameters were also calculated. As expected, the results show the greater stability and stronger hydrogen bond between oxygen and ester group.

Supporting different data structures and their variations in both static and dynamic aspects are one of the challenges in programming languages. One of the data structures is property list of which applications use it as a convenient way to store, organize, and access standard types of data. In this paper, the solution methods for implementation Property List as Link List, Hash and Tree are reviewed. Then an efficient way to implement the property list as Set is presented and compared with the existing methods.

Allegory is a device in which characters or events represent or symbolize ideas and concepts. Allegory has been used widely throughout the history of literature, and in all forms of artwork. A reason for this is that allegory has an immense power of illustrating complex ideas and concepts in a digestible, concrete way. Therefore, in allegory a message is communicated by means of symbolic figures, actions or symbolic representation. One of the contemporary Iranian authors who wrote stories benefited allegorical structure was Samad Behrangi. Although his stories seemingly suit for children, they are in fact deep in thematic meaning in a sense that makes them interesting for adults. As a writer sensitive to social, political and cultural situations, he used animals as the characters of some stories. One of the most eminent short stories written by him is Little Black Fish. This article attempted to demonstrate that this short story was a social and political allegory by focusing on its potential allegorical features.

Semantic web technology enables machine to read and process web pages without human intervene. Semantic web information will no longer only be intended for human readers, but also for processing by machines, enabling intelligent information services, personalized web sites, and semantically empowered search-engines. The web has become a major vehicle in performing research and education related activities for researches and students. With increasing student mobility and boom of the international student exchange programmes, a need arises for unifying and presenting information about academic study programmes on the Web. Publishing study programmes using semantic web technologies enables students to easily search and select study topic of their interest. In this paper we present an enterprise semantic framework for e-Learning system which improved the quality of web mining results but also enhanced the functions, services and the interoperability of e-Learning system. The system helps to find suitable semantic data related to students, faculties and courses for the clients. We have implemented semantic web mining in parallel distributed environment in all tiers for decision making, and also increased speed and efficiency of information retrieval.