Archives-February 2012

This paper analytically examines the effects of adding nanoparticles on the exergy destruction of water– Al₂O₃ nanofluid flow through a circular duct under constant wall heat flux for thermally and hydrodynamic laminar regime. The single phase model is employed to simulate the nanofluid convection, taking into account appropriate thermophysical properties. Particles are assumed spherical with a diameter equal to 13 nm and are easily fluidized. In this approach, nanofluid can be treated as a pure fluid. Results show that with increasing the volume concentration of particles, the values of both of exergy transfer and heat transfer rate, decreases, especially for lower values of Reynolds number. These results indicate that along the duct at a fixed volume concentration, exergy destruction, decreases.

The paper reports key issues associated with the used of leaded gasoline (petrol) in Nigeria. While many global countries have indicated strong commitment for a shift to most suitable and environmentally sustainable gasoline upgrading option (i.e hydroisomerisation), addition of 0.6-0.74 g/L of tetraethyl lead remain the only upgrading option given priority in Nigeria, due to government negligence. Millions of people have suffered from various associated illness with numerous number of deaths, especially in young children below the age of seven. The soils, foods and waters are severely polluted in the major trafficking communities. The availability of favorable factors such as adequate infrastructure and capital for hydroisomerisation in the country indicated the process to be a long overdue process that was neglected due to poor government concern and serious corruption problem in the energy industry. It is therefore recommended here that the public should put the issue in the fore front of the current protest for lucrative workers’ salary.

This research seeks to examine the nonverbal communication of an influential leader to change mind and behaviour of others, particularly in the field of dakwah. The portrayal of young Imam in the Malaysian reality show “Imam Muda” brings new landscape of muslim socialization process and implies significant values of dakwah. The definition of young Imam and its role as a progressive leader in a modern, multiracial society are described and illustrated in this 10-episode show. The researchers give special attention to nonverbal communication of the winner as this aspect is a determining factor of being a good and influential leader. The contestants may have more or less the same quality in terms of Islamic knowledge, but to gain social influence as an Imam, obviously nonverbal communication talks louder than verbal communication. The silent messages displayed by an individual are more countable and reliable in the eyes of people, as concluded in Mehrabian’s 7%-38%-55% Rule. Five episodes of Imam Muda have been selected and five elements of nonverbal communication have been analysed – kinesics, paralanguage, haptics, appearance and proxemics. A thorough analysis of the top Imam is carried out to see to what extent he uses the nonverbal communication in interpersonal or mass setting that promote him as the most eligible young Imam.

The shortcomings of Code model of communication have motivated the scholars of the field to adopt more adequate models including the inferential model and Relevance Theory which seem to be more appropriate ones (Gutt, 1992). Based on the fact that translation is expression of intentions and the act of reading it is recognition of those intentions, and the presumption that a considerable number of Farsi translations of English novels are not successful in this bi-lateral process (Mollanazar, 2001), this study was conducted in order to detect a number of impeding factors in that process as well as some procedures to avoid them. The researcher selected 10 sample excerpts from Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye and 2 Farsi translations of each text. In the next step, 7 professors of Translation Studies were asked to analyze the selected excerpts and list the effort-increasing factors based on the criteria adapted from vandijk (1979). According to the results of the study at 2 levels of Phonology and Semantics there were specific factors which decreased the relevance level of the text. Considering the raters’ notes and analysing the excerpts, the researcher also proposed a number of instructions on the way such obstacles can be avoided in translation.

This study aims to: observe overall faculty stress level; detect weights of different factors of job satisfaction; discern overall faculty job satisfaction level; and examine relationship between occupational stress and job satisfaction. Two questionnaires are adapted in order to accomplish the research objects through acquiring the responses from faculty members of HEC recognized public and private universities in the province of Punjab. Descriptive statistics, frequency tables, arithmetic means, standard deviation, and correlation analysis are used to analyse the data. Results indicate that most of the teachers do not perceive occupational stress as a big problem in university environment. They perceive administrative factors as highly contributing factor in job satisfaction. In last, insignificant relationship is found between occupational stress and job satisfaction. The research makes a fruitful contribution in the existing body of knowledge by reporting the phenomena of stress and satisfaction in faculty of universities of Pakistan.

The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of yogic practice and aerobic exercise on selected Physical and physiological variables among overweight school boys. To achieve this purpose, forty five overweight school boys from various schools in Tiruchirappalli district were selected at random. Their age ranged between 14 and 17. The selected subjects were randomly divided into three equal groups of 15 each, namely yogic practice group (group A), Aerobic exercise (group B) and control group (group C). The experimental group had undergone yogic practices and aerobic exercise for 12 weeks, five days a week and daily one session only in the morning, duration of session one hour, whereas the control group (group C) maintained their daily routine activities and no special training was given. Physical variable namely flexibility and physiological variable breath holding time were chosen as variables for this study. The subjects of the three groups were tested using standardized tests and procedures on selected physical and physiological variables before and after the training period. The following test items namely sit and reach and breath holding time were used to collect relevant data. The collected data were analyzed statistically through analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to find out the pre and post training performances. To compare the significant difference between the adjusted final means and better group. The yogic practice and aerobics exercise showed significant improvement due to 12 weeks of training on flexibility and breath holding time compared to control group.

The reignited research on biodiesel production has witnessed, in recent decades, so much momentum to lead a great revolution in world energy in the near future. This great resurgence is stimulated in one part by the anxiety of the uncertainty of the supply life span of conventional fuels and in the other by the numerous advantages that biodiesel offer over petroleum diesel fuel. Biodiesel, amongst other benefits, is renewable, biodegradable, environmentally benign, energy efficient, and by far a major role-player in the league of biofuels that will sustain the energy future. Starting from history to present, this work presents a comprehensive review of major advance in biodiesel production. The five basic ways of making biodiesel: direct use and dilution, microemulsions, thermal cracking and transesterification are reviewed with emphasis on heterogeneous catalyst transesterification. Progresses in research into other methods such as enzyme catalysed, non-catalytic supercritical and ultrasound aided transesterification, biox co-solvent and in situ processes as well as production from microalgae are detailed. The factors affecting the yield of the different processes are identified and recommendations are presented for optimum production yield. Evaluation of the economic viability of biodiesel production shows the major challenges as the cost of production and limited availability of fat and oil resources. Microalgae prove to be the economical choice for biodiesel production, because of the availability, high productivity and low cost. Therefore, research should be geared towards the improvement and optimization of biodiesel production from algae.

The blood parameters like red blood cell count, white blood cell count, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell volume and mean cell haemoglobin concentration were estimated in Cyprinus carpio exposed to1/10^th (8.64ug/L) and 1/15^th(5.67ug/L)of lethal concentrations of monocrotophos for 5.10, 20, 1nd 30 days. The results showed alterations indicating the pesticide effect being severe as RBC count decreased, WBC count increased, Hb decreased, PCV increased, MCV, MCH and MCHC appeared decreased.

Conductive polymers are good candidates for preparation of conducting graft copolymers. Therefore, polyaniline (PANI) was chemically grafted with chitosan by using ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) initiator to obtain a product called as chitosan-graft-polyaniline (CHIT-g-PANI). Polyaniline, chitosan and CHIT-g-PANI were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-vis spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). UV –vis and FT-IR studies confirmed the chemical structure and conjugation of CHIT-g-PANI. FTIR studies suggested the graft copolymerization of polyaniline on to chitosan. XRD of the CHIT-g-PANI further evidenced the grafting. The surface structure of CHIT-g-PANI was also verified by SEM.