Archives-December 2015

The objective of the present study is to give a review on heat transfer characteristics of fluids in curved and straight tubes for various parameters and under different experimental conditions. The heat transfer can be increased by two techniques mainly like application of external forces or by modification in surface geometry of the fluid passages. Surface geometry modifications like bending of straight tubes into curved coils are effective and efficient method of heat transfer enhancement. In this paper, various correlations proposed based on experimental heat transfer data by earlier investigators are presented to support the enhancement in overall heat transfer coefficient in curved tube and in straight tube heat exchangers. However, comparison of experimental overall heat transfer coefficient in helical coil and straight tube heat exchangers are found to be limited in the present literature.

Fourth-Generation (4G) wireless networks will be heterogeneous, integrating different networks to provide continuous access for mobile users with multi mode access capability. The Fourth Generation communications systems is all about a global wireless communications system and defines a cost effective, simple, operable and personalized according to the users’ needs concept. The vertical handoff requirements are potential of the network, network cost, handoff latency, network conditions, power consumption and user’s preference. These must be considered during vertical handoff. In this research paper a new vertical handoff decision based on ARM & AI Techniques is designed. A refined, intelligent Associative Rule Mining (ARM) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) based technique is used to execute the vertical handoff intelligent mechanism in fourth generation wireless networks to produce an effective service which reduces the handoff delay and complexity.

Maize stover consists of the leaves and stalks of maize plants left in a field after harvest and it makes up about half of the yield and is similar to straw. Ensiling maize stover with urea makes it a urea treated maize stover. Centrosema pubescens is a legume in the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae and tribe Phaseolae. It is native to Central and South America and cultivated in other tropical areas as forage for livestock. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of urea treatment on chemical composition; feed intake, blood urea and ammonia of maize stover. The potential of such a stover for growth performance of calves were investigated using 8 N’dama calves of 5 to 8 months of age and an average initial live weight of 92.5 kg. The animals were divided into two groups each of which were individually fed to appetite on basal diets of either untreated maize stover and Centrosema pubescens (Diet T1) or 5 % urea treated maize stover and Centrosema pubescens (Diet T2) for 90 days. In addition all the calves were allowed free access to mineral/vitamin blocks and ample drinking water ad libitum. Urea treatment increased the crude protein (CP) content of maize stover in Diet T2 by 22.12% and also a highly significant difference (p<0.01) in the crude fibre (CF) content over the untreated stover in Diet T1. Besides, compared with the untreated stover, urea treatment brought an improvement of 28% in daily feed intake. These improvements in terms of chemical composition, daily feed intake and dry matter intake led to a highly significant (p<0.01) live weight gain of animals fed on the urea treated stover diet compared with those fed on the untreated stover diet. However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in blood urea levels but significant existed in feed cost/kg gain and linear body measurements between the animals fed on Diet T1 and those fed on Diet T2. Generally, with the added advantage of Diet T2 being more cost effective than Diet T1, feeding urea treated maize stover may be considered as one of the strategies that bring about an efficient utilization of crop residues for livestock feeding in Eastern part of Nigeria. However, its economic advantage over other alternatives must carefully be examined under the prevailing price conditions before it is implemented in an area.

Correlation measure is an important tool in the field of fuzzy, rough and neutrosophic environments. The main aim of this paper is to introduce the correlation measure for rough neutrosophic refined sets. This concept is the extension of correlation measure of neutrosophic sets and intuitionistic fuzzy multi sets. Finally, using the correlation of rough neutrosophic refined set measure, the application of medical diagnosis and pattern recognition are presented.

For providing security,password is important factor. Now a day in any field security is essential.The textual password is the most common password but the textual password has several issues.The new password scheme is introduced in which images are used as a password known as Graphical password.In this paper, a new password scheme is developed which combines recognition based schemes.In this scheme three levels of security is provided.

Abstract Tribal communities have rich knowledge about medicinal plants and its uses. The traditional livelihood system of tribal people (also known as adivasis) has been based on shifting cultivation and collection of edible forest produce. The area is hilly and has dam and innumerable number of streams which swell up during rainy season. An ethnobotanical survey particularly the uncultivated plant used by them other than medicinal purposes was carried out among the Kaani tribes in various tribal villages of Kanyakumari district, South Western Ghats of Tamilnadu. Forests in the study area hold thousands of medicinal plants which are used by the tribal people for primary healthcare needs. The medicinal plants were mostly used to cure asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, cold, cough, fever, headache, stomachache, diarrhoea, dysentery, skin diseases, poison bites, cut/ wounds, diabetes. Medicinal plants used by Kaani have been listed along with plant parts used with its ethnomedicinal significance.

Philosophy begins with, an enquiry into the essence of the external world. Indian and Western Philosophers, were agitated the philosophical question that, how many ultimate realities are there in the world? To answer this question, the foremost, Ancient Greek philosopher, by Thales (624 B.C) declares that ‘Water’ is the only ultimate reality. Anaxamines (588 BC) says 'Air', Heraclites (535 BC), added 'Earth', Empedocles (495 BC) says, 'Fire', Democritus (460 BC) opines 'Ether' as the fifth element. Similarly, Socrates, Plato (427BC) and Aristotle (384 BC) observe that, though these five elements are permanent and eternal but the percipient is not observe these elements as it is. It is something other than what it is. It is called as 'Appearance' or 'illusion' or ‘M?ya’. From the dawn of philosophical enquiry, philosophers were puzzled at this problem which never agitated the minds of common man. The modern western Philosophers like Berkeley, Kant, Russell and Ayer were also discussed the problem of appearance.

In the world, day to day increases consumption of energy with increase the production rate of automobile. With the current consumption rate if it has been quoted that there will be great shortage of petroleum products in upcoming decades. For this reason research is going on alternative fuels. It is better to develop the engine which can work on bio diesel and one can add methanol in the bio diesel and use the blends of that. For this purpose, it is necessary to check the performance characteristics of the blends with the conventional diesel fuels.In this investigation, rice bran methyl ester was used in four stroke, single cylinder variable compression ratio type diesel engine. Tests were carried out at different injection pressures with various blends of rice bran methyl ester. The results proved that the use of bio diesel (produced from rice bran oil) in compression ignition engine is a viable alternative to diesel.

The advent of compression standards has led to the proliferation of innovative techniques in the compressed domain has become an active research topic. This paper presents an overview of the latest video compression standards related to the H.26xSeries and this paper is specifically covered including its latest standard, H.265 otherwise known as AVC (Advanced Video Coding). It also provides an overview of compression rules of thumb for different standards and the corresponding performance requirements for real-time implementations.

Writer identification is the process of identifying the writer of the document based on their handwriting. The growth of computational engineering, artificial intelligence and pattern recognition fields owes greatly to one of the highly challenged problem of handwriting identification. This paper proposes the computational intelligence technique to develop discriminative model for writer identification based on handwritten documents. Scanned images of handwritten documents are segmented into words and these words are further segmented into characters for word level and character level writer identification. A set of features are extracted from the segmented words and characters. Feature vectors are trained using support vector machine and obtained 94.27% accuracy for word level, 90.10% for character level. An interactive tool has been developed based on the word level writer identification model.