Archives-December 2013

Modes are idempotent and entropic algebras. It is well known that each entropic groupoid with surjective operation embeds as a sub reduct into a semimodule over a commutative semiring Surprisingly, this is no longer true for modes with operations of larger arity. As shown by M. Stronkowski [4] and [5], a mode embeds as a subreduct into a semimodule over a commutative semiring if and only if it satisfes the so-called Szendrei identities. A simpler proof was then given by D. Stanovsky [3]. Stronkowski also proved that free modes do not satisfy the Szendrei identities, while Stanovsky [3] pro- vided a 3-element example of a mode with one ternary operation (Example 1.1). Medial modes, a natural generalization of normal bands, were investigated by P lonka. Rectangular algebras, a generalization of rectangular bands (diagonal modes) were investigated by P¨oschel and Reichel.

The present research aimed to investigate the thematic concepts of lullabies as folk songs which have passed orally through generations. The themes are hidden ideologies of lullabies that carry cultural attitudes; in this regard, lullabies’ themes can reveal narrators viewpoints which originate from cultures and surrounding areas. Regarding the mentioned elements, the themes suggested by Homayuni (2000) considered as the appropriate model for data extraction using the comparative and descriptive method. The findings showed the same themes in lullabies of both Persian and British cultures; but, in spite of similarities between themes, they had different ways of expression. This is to say, similarities were found in the themes as the basic ideas and hidden layers of lullabies and differences were in their expressing ways as people attitudes.

Evidence from literature suggests that despite the fact that women are key players in entrepreneurial activities and make significant contributions in the economic development of many nations around the world, non-availability of long-term finance and long procedures to access financial help have been identified as major constraints faced by women entrepreneurs. Cooperatives societies has been identified as veritable instruments which provide business finance for the growth and development of women enterprises .Therefore this study evaluated the impact of cooperative societies on the performance of women entrepreneurs in Lagos State, Nigeria. Data were sought through structured questionnaires and analysed using tables, frequencies, percentages, charts while chi square was used to test the study hypothesis. The findings of the study revealed that though cooperatives are accessible to majority of the women entrepreneurs, the amount of loans obtainable from cooperatives were inadequate for the entrepreneurs. Furthermore, the chi square analysis showed that the ?2_ calculated value of 61.26 is greater than the ?2_ critical value of 13.28 at 0.01level of significance, implying that cooperative societies have significant effect on entrepreneurs. Therefore it is recommended that the federal government should consider developing policies that will create an enabling environment for the development and proper operation of cooperative thrift and credit societies and other group initiatives and the management of cooperative societies should be helped to have a new business orientation and also encouraged to attend and benefit from seminars, adult education and literacy programs.

This study focused on the impact of ICTs usage on the performance of women entrepreneurs in the South Western States of Nigeria .The purpose of the research was to highlight the types of ICTs tools frequently used by women entrepreneurs and its effect on their performances. A total of 120 women entrepreneurs who were randomly selected participated in the study and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results indicated that the use of mobile phones, television, radio, magazines and newspapers are the tools frequently used by entrepreneurs while internet services, electronic mails and computers are underutilized due to the fact that they are expensive and also because majority of the women entrepreneurs lack computer skills. Furthermore, it was discovered that mobile phones being one of the ICTs tools are sources of cheaper and faster communication and majority of the respondents believed that it has contributed positively to their performances. However, it was concluded that women entrepreneurs’ use of ICT infrastructure and systems in South-Western Nigeria is limited and even the ones in use are not widely explored and channeled for business development. Therefore, the study recommended that efforts should be made by governments and service providers to ensure that women entrepreneurs are made aware of new ICT applications and innovative services that are of use to the business sector. Also, government should ensure prompt and adequate electricity supply in order to overcome the problems of incessant power failure which served as a major challenge to the usage of ICTs tools by the entrepreneurs.

Nowadays society is changing faster than ever and is making increasingly complex demands on schools so in-service is particularly important. Staff has to introduce changes in school structures and curricula. Falling school rolls are causing new problems, including reduced promotion possibilities for Staff. In-service training is an important instrument for school improvement as well as personal development. In-service training is necessary to maintain the professional standard and to raise standards of teaching and learning and therefore regular in-service training should take place. This paper shows necessity of Staff’s professional development with respect to in-service training. The aims of this paper are to define staff’s professional development, elaborate educational system, clarify In-service training of Educational, describe history of in-service training in Iran, explain teaching, state the necessity of staff’ in-service training, discuss the necessity of teachers’ training , describe the kinds of Staff’s Training, explain Training-Needs Assessment and discuss concepts of Adult Education.

Today, Literacy is one of the most important parameters to evaluate an area or region’s development phase. Literacy accelerates the social, cultural, economic, political condition and that it has a strong relationship with regional development. Banaras has ever remained the great centre of Hindu culture and civilization. The two religions, Buddhism and Hinduism, which still influence the thought of almost half the world, received their impulse and strength from this city (cf.Singh, R.L.1955). This city records a settlement history since ca. 1000 BCE. However, the present city has grown during the early 18th century. Since ancient period, Varanasi has become the great centre of learning, education and research and presently the city is the chair of ancient oriental and modern learning. It has vast scope of the education for the people of the country and abroad. Despite of these educational institutions and facilities the overall literacy in Varanasi is very poor. The present paper is an attempt to Study the trend and pattern of literacy in Varanasi City on the ward level and to highlight the problems, impact, and suggestions for the improvement of literacy in the City. The results are presented through various maps and tables generated in ArcGIS. Tables and data is calculated on the basis of 2001 census.

The dynamic behavior of infrastructure development has opened a wide area for research in construction management in general, and maintenance management in particular, globally. Ready mix concrete, which is mostly preferred nowadays, is loaded in a transit mixer, and is transported to the construction site. The concrete is delivered to the construction point by means of a concrete pump. Life of the concrete pump can be enhanced and hence capacity of the plant using effective preventive maintenance. In this paper, optimal time for replacement for some critical components has been established using the approach of reliability centered maintenance. The paper includes the reliability assessment and the details of the effectiveness of maintenance on the system under investigation are reported in the paper.

In Dr. Florentin Smarandache generalized several properties of the nedians. Here, we will continue the series of these results and will establish certain connections with the triangles which have the same coefficient of deformation.

With an aim to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of a cocurrent solid-liquid-gas phase fluidized bed, experiments were conducted using 3 different sizes of gypsum particles, water and air as three respective phases. The characteristics studied were pressure drop and solid, liquid, gas holdups, which were observed to be influenced by three factors namely particle size and superficial velocities of gas and liquid. The Response surface Methodology was applied to investigate the individual and combined effect of the three factors on hydrodynamics characteristics. An attempt has been made to develop quadratic models for pressure drop and phase holdups. The predicted values were compared with experimental values which gave a satisfactory fit with R2 values around and above 0.95, indicating that the values predicted by the models were in good agreement with the experimental values.

Minerals trace elements, such as zinc, copper, iron, and several antioxidants like vitamins and ceruloplasmin, catalase, have significant influence on the health of pregnant women. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the relationship of trace elements, antioxidants and several antioxidants enzymes level in first trimester Iraqi pregnant women. The present study comprises of 50 normal pregnant women were selected in first trimester in attending for antenatal checkup to the hospital, and 30 non-pregnant women as control group. Venous blood (5 mL) was collected from pregnant women. In normal pregnancy, the copper and ceruloplasmin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and vitamin C concentration were statistically significantly increased in pregnant women group when compared to control group .The present study infers that iron is the most important micronutrient and it should be supplemented as a daily requirement in pregnant women. TIBC can be used as a diagnostic measurement and follow-up health status of women in pregnancy.