Archives-August 2013

Normalization is a correct process for good relational database design of an application but not a complete. To support this, in a Boyce-Codd normal form design, three relations are designed from the two functional dependencies. Clearly, this is a setback in the basic aim of normalization i.e. reduction in database redundancy. The indecision here is that can we reduce the database redundancy further? Secondly, the database designers are creating the relations from the set of attributes and functional dependencies existing among them. The human work in the design process may lead to ambiguity and incorrect relations when the set of attributes and functional dependencies are large. The design of automated process for the human work overcomes this lacuna. The researchers have shown that there is a natural correspondence between the hypergraph and relational database schema. Beeri .et .al introduced a special class of hypergraphs known as ‘acyclic’, where the properties of relational database are equivalent to ‘ -acyclicity’. Another researcher Fagin introduced ‘ -acyclicity, which establishes the condition of unique relationship among the attributes. Hence, the amelioration of hypergraph from cyclic to acyclic satisfies the properties of relational database. Our paper proposes a methodology that takes the functional dependencies, attributes set as an input, and identifies the candidate key attributes. From the candidate key attributes, the hypergraph is redefined for the ‘acyclicity’ by the isolation of functional dependency (ies) framed by the candidate key attributes.

This study aims to examine the effects of macroeconomic variables on non-oil exports in Iran, for the period of 1965-2010. The paper employs the ordinary least square (OLS), unit root tests and co-integration technique of Johansen as analytical tools. Result found indicates that the positive significant effects of real gross domestic product and free market exchange rate on non-oil exports. While, the effect of inflation rate on non-oil exports have been found insignificant with unexpected positive sign.

We evaluate monitory cost to explore the reasons and find that using venture capitalists as specialized investors with lower monitoring costs than other institutional investors, earnings management is less likely for low investor beliefs but more likely for high investor beliefs for VC-backed firms relative to non-VC-backed firms. Numerous studies conclude that firms manage earnings upward prior to issuing equity Securities in an effort to minimize the dilution effect on existing shareholders (Theo, Welch and Wong, 1998a and 1998b). Erickson and Wang (1999) extend this line of reasoning to corporate mergers in which the acquiring firms pay for the target with stock. Similar to an equity offering for cash, they suggest that acquirers inflate earnings prior to the merger in order to increase stock prices, and thereby reduce the number of shares they must exchange in the stock swap. We can also obtain the same results as former study that auditor’s quality negatively related with earnings management. Considering above consequence, we documents IPOs firms engaged in managing earnings with high investor beliefs have an influence on the long-run abnormal stock return performance. These findings have implications for investors, firms, and accounting standard setters. More prudential monitory is important during market booming periods. We founded that firms have incentives to engage in earnings management before the announcement date of private equity offerings. The manipulation direction may be upward or downward according to the types of placement. Our empirical results indicated that management tended to manage reported earnings upward when the private placement was subscribed by non-insiders; whereas management tended to downward manage earnings when the private placement was subscribed by insiders.

Developed countries apply some controls directly to protect national security, concerning persons` or certain countries` access to specified technologiesSimilarly, they apply indirect supervision on the types, amount and channels of technology transfer to certain countries through currency exchange regulations, taxation and foreign investment. Developing countries also keep technology turn under their own control in order to ensure that technology transfer contracts and the economic objectives and policies of the government are consistent. In technology-transfer contracts (license contract), one type of various intellectual property rights is transferred The exclusivity of intellectual property rights is one of the most striking examples of exclusivity which is granted to special people and for certain period; so that in the certain period, they themselves, or their own selected people or their representatives benefit from the issue of intellectual property . The reason why these exclusive rights are granted is that the issues of the rights are used by the common people without special protection (patents). The variety of intellectual products and their utilizations in diverse fields of industry, commerce, science, literature and art have made such issues important. Hence, demand for these products either from the government or private sectors always exists. The owners of intellectual property market their products due to such requests and also to observe their own investment, therefore, obtain incentives for more activities and innovation in today`s knowledge-based economy (in which just those societies are successful that own high creativity and technical ability for their consumers` welfare). Accordingly, either they themselves use them or totally transfer them to another person or sometimes (with preserving their property on such rights) they give others solely a license to use them. The recent form of using intellectual property rights (namely to conclude license contracts) allows license-givers (with preserving their property on technology) to develop their own technology and enter the global market.

In this article, we deal with the Holy Quran Miracles from the view point of Numbers. The research is a library one and has focused on the number 19. The Holy Book's depth of meaning and mysteries is something far well-known and has been interpreted and studied from different tenets. This research emphasis on the mathematically numerical relationship between different parts of the Chapters and verses of the wholly Book is novelty and purpose of this research.

The attached paper is my two cents worth on emotional intelligence and professional commitment. Emerging interdisciplinary research and studies from education, business, psychology, and behavioral medicine are showing clear and significant contributions of emotional intelligence to human performance, personal health, and resilience. Emotional knowledge, skills, and intelligence hold a major key to improving education and helping students, teachers, faculty, and student development professionals attain higher degrees of achievement, career success, leadership, and personal well-being. The learned ability of emotional intelligence integrates well with the student development model of education and the historical values of the student personnel point of view. There are many important issues and challenges facing education at the public school and higher education levels. While academic achievement and scholastic performance have been the primary thrust of recent reform efforts, other equally important issues have taken center stage in education. Physical safety, healthy emotional development, standards of excellence and equalitarianism, a global economy and world perspective, changing workforce demands and the nature of work, multi-cultural and diversity issues, retention through graduation, and personal/career needs of students and educators are just a few examples.

In this Paper, the Fuzzy Transportation Problem is investigated with the aid of Triangular Fuzzy Numbers. A new relevant numerical example is included.

This paper develops a new technique for the time minimizing in fuzzy transportation problems using triangular fuzzy number. The procedure involves the fuzzy active transportation routes which are based on moving from basic fuzzy feasible solution to another till the last solutions arrived. A numerical example, illustrating the method is also included.

Intense interest in Asparaginase has resulted from the discovery of its ability to inhibit growth of tumors in mouse, rat and dog to suppress human leukamias in clinical trails. L-Asparaginase is an effective antineoplastic agent, used in the acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Asparaginase catalyzes the deamination of asparaginases into L-aspartic acid and ammonia. The aim of the present investigation was to study production of asparaginase from agricultural waste like citrus limetta pulp using solid state fermentation (SSF).Citrus limetta pulp used as a sole source for growth in SSF showed maximum enzymes production. Optimized process parameters like incubation time: 72 hrs; incubation temperature:280C; pH of the culture medium: 7.5; and moisture content: 60% v/w gave an overall yield of 101 U/g.

The research was about “The use of English language in teaching and learning of content subjects in selected schools in kicukiro district–Rwanda: implications, challenges and prospects” The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of that new policy on the quality of teaching and learning, problems that affect teaching learning process, solutions and strategies to enhance the said policy. The researcher had used questionnaires and classroom observations as instruments for data collection, stratified random sampling as sampling procedures. The findings showed that the use of English language as the only medium of instruction policy plays a great impact on the effectiveness of teaching and learning. It enhances the better mastery of English language. It also enhances the teaching learning process. On the other hand, English language used as the only medium of instruction discourages the use of a set of languages like Kinyarwanda, French and Swahili among others. The research highlighted a number of problems facing the implementation of the policy like lack of enough adequate materials like English textbooks and English books for specific purposes, lack of enough background knowledge in English language on the side of the learners and lack of enough qualified teachers. As strategies to enhance the using English language as the only medium of instruction, the results of the study showed that more trainings about using English language policy as the only medium for both primary and secondary school teachers, supply of English language books specific to various areas of study, the use of English language in all school activities should enhance the use of English language as the only medium of instruction.