Archives-August 2012

Leukemia is a common malignancy in young children. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) accounts for %75 of all leukemia which has higher incidence in boys than to girls except during the first year of life. This study is the survey of oral manifestations in children who are suffering from leukemia and lymphoma in Amir Blood and Oncology Hospital ,Shiraz ,Iran. Method &Material: In this 18 months durated study, the oral manifestations of 200 patients was analyzed including gingival bleeding &hyperplasia, pale mucosa hairy tongue, oral candidiasis, toothache and oral ulcers. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using Chi-square test. Significance for all the statistical test was predetermined at a P value of 0.05 or less.

In order to improve the efficiency of the work in daily life, we adopt the office automation (OA) system to assist the management and service. By the online function and automatic management with the system software, the daily works ran well, the working efficiency got improved. The practice implies that it is feasible to apply the OA system to the daily work and management.

Forty two samples each of two fish species, Tillapia zilli and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus were collected along the Kpando Torkor Lake in the Volta Region of Ghana. The samples were investigated for levels of organochlorine pesticide residues and their potential health risks to humans were also assessed. Composite sample of muscles and gills of each species were homogenized using a warring blender. The homogenized samples were Soxhlet extracted with hexane/dichloromethane mixture. The extracts were cleaned up on florisil adsorbent and analyzed for organochlorine pesticide residues using gas chromatography equipped with electron capture detector. In all, fifteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were investigated of which thirteen organochlorines namely, ?-HCH, ?-HCH, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin, ?-chordane, ?-endosulfan, ?-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate and methoxychlor were identified. Heptachlor, ?-HCH, p,p'-DDD, ?-HCH, methoxychlor and endosulfan sulphate were the predominant OCP residues measured. The mean residue concentration in muscles and gills ranges from 0.10 to 17.35 ng/g wet weight and 0.56 to 37.75 ng/g wet weight respectively. A 100% incidence was recorded for ?-HCH, ?-HCH, p,p'-DDD, heptachlor, endosulfan sulfate in the muscle. In the case of the gills a 100% incidence was also recorded for ?-HCH, ?-HCH, p,p'-DDD, ?-chordane, endosulfan sulfate and methoxychlor. Risk assessment based on estimated daily intake (EDI) showed that values obtained for EDI for each organochlorine were far below the non-cancer and cancer benchmark concentrations. As a result the consumption of these fishes will have little or no significant adverse health effects on consumers. It is however, advisable to remove the gills from tilapia fish prior to preparation and consumption to reduce the cumulative and concomitant effect of OCPs in tilapia protein consumers in the long term.

In order to save the energy and provide the humanized hint and operation of vending machine, we design the function and application combing with solar energy and light emitting diode (LED) screen, the vending machine updated the intelligent device system to data query and the alarm hints to sound. The theoretical analysis and practical results implies that it is feasible to provide better service for client by the intelligent device system.

Ultrasonic waves are used widely in food production, industry and chemical reactions. For conducting such a reactions, it is need to have a reactor in which liquid is affected by the waves. Among the most important parameters used for reactor design, the reactor dimensions may be considered as the most important parameter that can take influence the most, from the wave cavitation. In this study, effects of ultrasonic power, horn diameter and horn height on the amount of energy absorbed by liquid in reactor were evaluated and models were further developed for estimating the absorbed energy. Statistical analysis indicated that the effects of input power, reactor diameter and reactor height were all significant on energy absorption (P<0.01). The results revealed that as the horn diameter increased from 70 to 100 mm, 9% decrease was occurred in the absorbed energy. By increasing the horn height from 30 to 70 mm, 11% decrease was observed in the energy absorption. There was an 11% increase in the energy, together with an increase in ultrasonic wave power from 100 to 300 W. It was also concluded that the second order model was most suitable to predict the amount of energy absorbed by liquid (R2=94.5%).

The study was conducted to determine the level of contamination of grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) meat with p,p- DDT, p,p-DDE, hexachlorocyclohexane isomers, lindane (?-HCH) and ?- HCH, dieldrin, aldrin, endrin, endrin aldehyde, endrin ketone, alpha-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, chlordane, heptachlor and methoxychlor. The paper reports the levels of organochlorine pesticide residues in the meat of 15 grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus ) samples obtained from the Gomoa district, a vegetable farming area in the Central Region of Ghana. The results indicated that all the analyzed samples were contaminated with the studied organochlorine pesticides. Aldrin and heptachlor were the principal contaminants in all the samples. The levels of organochlorine pesticide residues detected in all the meat samples were below the accepted maximum residue limits (MRL), as adopted by the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Commission.

In this modern world, considering to the environmental problems is very important. The relationship between this topic and positive effects of free trade on the economic development and growth of the countries caused the importance of the topic is observed in international discussions more than ever. In this study, trade liberalization along with the factors affecting environment are considered in two groups of selected countries which are the member of Organization for Economic Development & Cooperation and developing countries such as Iran within 1995-2007 via dynamic panel data and static panel data. The relationships between the variables have been assessed by estimation to fixed and random effects method emphasizing on generalized moment method (GMM). The results indicated that the economic growth, population growth as well as value added of industrial sector resulted into the pollution intensification for both groups of selected countries. Degree of trade openness and trade of manufacturing products in the countries member of Organization for Economic Development & cooperation lead to pollution abatement and for developing countries leads to pollution expansion.

This study investigated the effectiveness of cooperative language learning (CLL) on using language learning strategies in interaction with self-efficacy among female students. The participants included 34 third junior high school female students in Tabriz that were selected through cluster random sampling. 17 students were in experimental group and 17 students were in control group. In the pre-test stage, all of the subjects in both groups answered to the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). Then, the experimental group was treated by cooperative English learning, and control group received traditional English learning during one academic semester. After the treatment, the subjects in both groups were post-tested by the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL). Data were analyzed by ANCOVA and the results showed a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of memory for the experimental group. The findings also revealed no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of cognitive, compensation, meta-cognitive and affective and social strategies. The paper discusses implications of employing CLL to foster language learning.

The level of trace elements in groundwater from the southernwestern periphery of the Volta Lake (Manya Krobo area) was determined and their origin assessed by estimating pH, TDS, saturated index (SI), hardness, alkalinity, hardness alkalinity ratio (HAR), groundwater acidification (Aci) and acid neutralizing capacity (ANC). Aluminum, manganese, iron and vanadium concentrations in groundwater at most areas were higher than originally anticipated (i.e. in excess of the WHO recommended guideline values) of a non-mining area. Dissolution of aquifer materials probably enhanced by moderately acidic waters is responsible for mobilization of trace elements in the groundwater in the area. The groundwater samples are generally undersaturated with respect to most of carbonate phases. Though pH showed slightly acidic waters, calculated groundwater acidification (Aci) was low (in fact, negative) and hardness alkalinity ratios (HAR) were consistently less than unity suggesting influence of weak acid probably of natural origin. The positive acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) values recorded throughout indicated a long-lasting superfluous in the acid-buffering capacity of the groundwater in the Manya Krobo area along the Volta Lake. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate other trace metals removal techniques into borehole operations beyond removal of iron.

This study examines the rhetorical survey structure analysis of George Orwell’s Animal Farm. In this study, definition and historical survey are specified. This study also aims to highlights the consolidation of the gains of the revolution together with the reverses suffered in the execution of the various programmes initiated by the ruling oligarchy.