Archives-April 2016

A multitude of studies have been conducted to assess volatility. Since the work of Mandelbrot (1963) and Fama (1965), researchers have been designing several volatility calculation models. However, the ARCH process of Engle (1982) and GARCH of Bollerslev (1986) are the most important initiatives. Our empirical validation has studied the evolution of covariance between volatilities of U.S. indices on the one hand, and non-US indices, on the other hand, over eleven years. We found changes in covariance marked by amplifications during periods of crises. These show transmissions of excess volatility between markets, where a contagion phenomenon prevails.

We report three cases of abdominal fibromatosis that caused hydronephrosis by extrinsic ureteral compression in young women with a fruitlessly surgical resection. This ureteral compression was treated by endoscopic placing of double pigtail stents or percutaneous nephrostomy associated with tamoxifen with, apparently, stabilization of the disease. All three patients were regularly monitored with change of the ureteral stents.

The trends and effects of gears on catches of tuna landed in Ghana by the artisanal, semi-industrial and industrial sectors were analysed over a ten-year period (2001 to 2010). Greater catches were made by the industrial sectors of about 698,754 metric tons out of 846,223 metric tons and skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis dominated the catches of tuna over the study period. Of all the gears used in exploiting tuna in the Ghanaian coastal waters, the purse seine gear used in the industrial sector made the highest catches of tuna of about 374,218 metric tons over the ten year period. Analysis of variance was used to ascertain whether there was significant difference in the quantity of tuna caught using the different gears; for Thunnus albacares P-value (3.25E-13) < significant level (0.05), for Thunnus obesus P-value (0.001437) < significant level (0.05), for Katsuwonus pelamis P-value (1.04E-15) < significant level (0.05) for Auxis thazard P-value (2.41E-06) < significant level (0.05) and for Euthynnus alleteratus P-value (8.14E-07) < significant level (0.05). It was observed that fishing in the Ghanaian waters is having a large impact on the biomass level; and the current level of exploitation of about 80,000 metric tons of tuna averagely per annum appears not to be sustainable in the long term, unless the high recent reports of recruitment is maintained. The purse seine gear employed in the industrial sector was the only gear that showed relative increase in the percentage growth rate in output of all the tuna species in the ten-year period. These were 18%, 17%, 16%, 11% and 6% for Thunnus obesus, Euthynnus alleteratus, Auxis thazard, and Katsuwonus pelamis respectively. This could be attributed among others to the fact that the purse seiner fish around fish aggregating devices (FADs) and also use relatively more sophisticated equipment. It is recommended that detailed tuna species stock assessment should be undertaken to enable adoption of improved and adaptive management approaches.

The River Cauvery is one of the major perennial river in the peninsular India. Which originates from Coorg District, Karnataka and flows through Tamilnadu state and enters into Bay of Bengal. The firshery resources are high in the River Cauvery. In the present investigation the sex ratio of Macrobrachium scabriculum was estimated for the period of two years from July 2010 to June 2012. A total of 1474 prawns, the males were 729 and females were 745. The overall sex ratio of males and females were found to be 1:1 ratio. The chi-square (x2) test analysis indicated that the value slightly deviated from the expected 1:1 ratio in the two years. The females were predominant in several months of the study period. Level P confidence for whole year has no significant deviation from the expected 1:1 ratio. The pooled data for both the years conformed to the expected 1:1 ratio. Physico-chemical factors of the aquatic environment either directly or indirectly influence the sex ratio. The preponderance of female in all the months than males. The predominance of female may poachaps be due to the continuous breeding habits and possible migration of females towards the river.

Parkinson disease (PD) is characterized by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compact, whose diagnosis is based on the presence of a hard-bradicinetic syndrome, resting tremor, postural instability, akinesia and festination gait. This study aimed to investigate, from functional activity tests, postural stability and balance of patients with PD. The sample comprised 34 volunteers, divided into two groups, Parkinson Group, composed of 17 patients with clinical diagnosis of idiopathic PD and Control Group with 17 healthy subjects without musculoskeletal disturbances. Balance and postural stability were assessed in both groups by using functional activity tests: Figure 8 test, Timed Up and Go test, sit and lift, bearings, Turning 360º, Functional Reach Test and Berg Balance Scale. The mean age of Parkinson Group and Control Group was respectively 64.11±10.7 and 60.47±8.53 (p=.42). Control Group obtained better results in the performance of tests: Figure 8 (p=.0003), Timed Up and Go (p=.0001), bearing (p=.0002), Functional Reach Test (p=.029) and Berg Balance Scale (p=.0001) between the groups. The outcomes of this study confirm that both balance impaired and loss of mobility are among the main consequences of PD.

One of the issues in perception research that continues to be a matter of intrigue and moot point for both philosophy of perception and its neurophysiology is how vision can play an active role in the haptic adeptness of the visually deprived, especially the congenitally blind and the early blind, if it is granted that visual and tactile modalities follow two different routes of processing of information in the brain. Traditionally, philosophers adhering to the empiricist tradition, such as Berkeley and Locke have maintained that although visual and tactual modalities share one thing in common in that they can process the same object property like figure, spatial properties like distance and motion, the mode of visually grasping any of these properties is at variance with that of haptically perceiving them. This view offers one alternative to a locus classicus in this field of study — the oft-cited Molyneux’s dilemma over whether a long-time blind person familiar with object shapes through touch would also be able to identify the shape for the first time if he ever recovers his visual sensory capacity. In this brief study evidence has been collated, examined and analyzed in support of another alternative to Molyneux’s question. In this alternative, a case has been made for a robust visuo-tactile interplay. Another question this study addresses is whether the skillfulness perceived in vision-mediated tactile performance sparked by loss of vision or forced visual deprivation is an outcome of compensatory but de novo neural restructuring or indicates an integral, latent capacity for neuroplasticity that harnesses visual or spatial imagery so as to help the visually deprived sail through tactile identification and discrimination activities.

Theassertion of scholars must not be taken as the meaning last countries. Scholars assertionmust mean effort in stating new command for a social or Update scientific problem not stateing imitated command from the previous Jurists. Perhaps prophet’s opinion of exertion has been the above mentioned Meaning. As he stated when a judge efforts for understanding of correct Command and then perceives the correct commands. He will be rewarded with one spiritual reward. So just as we saw , in this reverse , the prophet (p.b.u.h) has referred to some commands to which there isn’t any command and so the legist has to obsess their mind with the use of correct criterion which are derived from religion.Definitely legists who have judged to up to date dower must also judge to cases like blood money, women blood money, women retaliation, blood money and retaliation of non Muslims up to date and must be imitate the previous jurists.

In this study, we sought to know what led to the creation of links between industry and academia in the Knowledge Based Economy for this purpose, a questionnaire was prepared to read relevant literature and the industry elite, elite university After collecting the necessary data parameters were identified

Bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital anomaly. There are very few documented cases of adults presenting with bladder exstrophy in literature as well as its management which is poor and limited to retrospective studies of small number of cases. Malignant potential of the exstrophied bladder mucosa is well known. Sixty percent of cancers in ectopic bladder occur during fourth and fifth decade of life, majority being adenocarcinoma. This disorder is not only a psychological, social and professional handicap in adults but surgical difficulties also top-up its particular aspect owing to difficulty in parietal closure with frequent use of osteotomy, and rare chances of bladder preservation. We report herein a case of squamous cell carcinoma of exstrophied bladder in a 34-year-old male patient whom due to poor response neoadjuvant chemotherapy underwent radical cystoprostatectomy, urinary diversion with a cutaneous ureterostomy and reconstruction of hypogastric region. He is on a frequent follow up. The case is being reported on account of its rarity. Pertinent literature is being reviewed.

The increase in the interest in targeted delivery of drug to the colon via the oral route. The colon is a site where both local and systemic delivery of drugs can take place. Local delivery could, for example, allow topical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Treatment could be made more effective if it were possible for drugs to be targeted directly on the colon. Systemic side effects could also be reduced. Colon specific systems might also allow oral administration of peptide and protein drugs, which are normally inactivated in the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Colon-specific systems could also be used in diseases that have diurnal rhythms. To achieve successful colonic delivery continuous efforts have been focused on designing colon-specific delivery systems with improved site specificity and versatile drug release kinetics to accommodate different therapeutic needs. Among the systems developed for colon-specific delivery, four systems were unique in terms of achieving in vivo site specificity, design rationale, and feasibility of the manufacturing process i.e. coating with pH-sensitive polymers, formulation of timed released systems, exploitation of carriers that are degraded specifically by colonic bacteria, and osmotic controlled drug delivery systems. The focus of this review is to provide detailed descriptions of the four systems, and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of colon-specific drug delivery systems.