Archives-April 2014

One type of Islamic historiography is through historical biographical dictionaries. The rise and development of this type of historiography in the seventh century AH, coincided with the establishment of the Mamluk Sultanate (648-922 AH). Although it was Y?q?t al-Hamawi (626 AH), the author of Mu'jam al-udab?, who wrote the first of these sources in the Islamic history, Ibn Khallikan (681 AH), through writing most renowned work Wafay?t al-A'y?n, entered biographical dictionary writing in a new phase as a profession and elevated it. In fact, subsequent biographical dictionaries like al-Wafi Belwafiat by al-Safdi, Fawat al-Fawayat by Ibn Shaker, Al-Manhal al-Safi by Ibn Taghribirdi complement Wafay?t al-A'y?n. Historical dictionaries enjoy a high status and importance in Islamic historical studies especially in the realm of the Islamic culture and civilization such that without referring to them, research in this realm as well as other realms is impossible. In addition to having a brief look at the status of historiographies during this sultanate and how biographical dictionaries were formed, this study aims to review and analyze the resources, methods and motives for such historical works.

One of the most sensitive features of the sheet metal forming is the elastic recovery during unloading called springback. Sheet metals are prone to some amount of springback depending on elastic deformation. Obtaining the desired size and design of die depends on the knowledge of the amount of this springback. So the accurate prediction of the springback is very important. The springback is affected by the factors such as sheet thickness, material properties, tooling geometry etc. In this paper the effect of various parameters such as sheet thickness, ratio of die radius to sheet thickness, strength coefficients on springback are studied. Also a Neural Network prediction model is prepared and the results of FEA and NN model are compared for springback.

The present study was carried out to investigate the nature of the possible relationship between the use of language-learning strategies (LLSs) and Iranian EFL university students’ reading proficiency. The following research questions were addressed in this project: (1) is there a difference in types and frequency of language-learning strategies that are used by Iranian EFL University students from those reported in other research studies? (2) Is there a difference in strategy use due to gender variable? and (3) is there any relationship between strategy use and reading proficiency. One hundred senior EFL students participated in this study. All the subjects were required to complete the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) questionnaire developed by Oxford (1990) and a reading comprehension test selected from the TOEFL test. With respect to the first research hypothesis, it was found that metacognitive strategies are used most frequently than other strategy groups. With regard to the second hypothesis, this study showed no significant difference at p<0.05 between strategy use and gender. And finally, with respect to the third research hypothesis, the results indicated that the only learning strategies having a meaningful relationship with the students’ reading proficiency were metacognitive strategies.

Glasses with composition 15TeO2- 10MgO - (75-x) B2O3– xNiO and 15TeO2- 10MgO - (75-x) B2O3- xWO3 (where x = 0 to 1.0 in steps of 0.2 mol %) have been prepared by using a conventional melt-quenching method. The amorphous nature of the samples were ascertained using X-ray diffractometry. Microhardness measurements were carried out using Zwick 3212 hardness tester fitted with a Vicker’s diamond pyramidal indenter. Microhardness studies revealed that the hardness of the glasses increased with an increase in applied load. Meyer’s index number / work hardening exponent ‘n’ was calculated and found that the material belongs to hard material category.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are surrounded by the most common work-related problem in India. In an Indian manufacturing industry most of the work is still carried out manually hence issues of work related musculoskeletal disorders and injury in different sites of the body are prominent. Postural analysis using Rapid entire body assessment (REBA), Rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) indicates that the workers are working above the secure limit. The presents study is focused on posture analysis of the workers working in small scale manufacturing industry. The study was conducted on 15 workers engaged in small scale manufacturing industry Wardha (Maharashtra, India). Video tape on different activities of the workers was done and then images were cropped from it for the analysis. This study presents assessment of work posture of worker engaged in different activities of small scale manufacturing industry. Posture analysis tools REBA and RULA method both software as well as worksheet were used. The results of REBA showed that some of the workers were under lower levels and majority at high risk levels. Further the results of RULA showed that majority of the workers were under high risk levels and required immediate change. It was concluded that; there is a lack of ergonomics social contact and understanding in small scale manufacturing industries (SSMIs). Postural analysis using REBA, RULA indicates that the workers are working above the secure limit. A major quantity of the workers is working in awkward postures. Thus the workers are under moderate to high risk of Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).

Economic growth is the core power to promote and shape the urbanization development, which helps to promote the economic development and social progress in ethnic regions of China Ecological civilization focuses on improving the relationship and ending the confrontation, separation, mutual exclusion and conflict between man and nature, ethnic regions of China should promote the construction of ecological civilization from multiple aspects and realize sustainable development. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is one of five ethnic regions of China; the urbanization in Xinjiang is unique in its functions, layout, dynamic mechanism, realizing path, and system background. Thus, it is necessary to select different paths according to different local conditions, to achieve multiple functions of economic development, ecological security and social stability.

According to the Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis, (2009) Kenya’s poverty levels are estimated to be on the decline, while the number of those living below the poverty line is estimated to have increased from 13.4 million in 1997 to about 16.6 million in 2006. The incidence of poverty is higher in rural areas at 49.1 per cent compared with 33.7 per cent in urban areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of linkages on small scale livestock farming in Baringo County. The study adopted the stakeholder’s theory by (Friedman, 1984) which states that the organization itself should be thought of as grouping of stakeholders who manage their interests, needs and viewpoints. He posits that the parties involved in an enterprise, includes governmental bodies, political groups, trade associations, trade unions, communities, financiers, suppliers, employees, and customers, who play a significant role in enterprise success. The research employed stratified random and simple random sampling for data collection. A structured questionnaire using interviews was administered to a representative sample of 67 small-scale livestock farmers. Data was collected on types of links, incidence of links and function of identified link formations. The study hypothesis was tested using Chi-square at 0.05 level of significance. Study findings showed a significant relationship between linkages and small scale livestock performance. The study recommends that agricultural stakeholders such as KVDA, KARI, KLMC and MLFD should partner with the farmers in providing relevant information, so as to facilitate better management of their livestock, training on better technologies, breeding options, and ensure enterprise growth for sustainable economic development. Research on the establishment of community ranches and a meat processing firm within the county be carried for the benefit of the farmers and provide ready market with less exploitation from middlemen.

Companies are always looking for using novice methods and tools as the competitive advantages to achieve their goals, growth and profitability in the complex areas of markets. Human resources are the most important resource of any organization that has a significant impact on the company's plans. This article aims to examine the role of the role of creativity, integrity, innovation, professionalism and ethics in human resources given the process of globalization and the constant changes in the environment of the organization, the characteristics of the organization and an innovative and creative person is expressed and finally its effects in creating competitive advantage and the realization of success and profitability of insurance companies is taken into consideration. Therefore, this article reviews the insurance company in Zahedan, with an emphasis on human relations marketing, as well as surveys the impact of human resource characteristics on sales, customer loyalty and ultimately profitability.

There are many socio-economic factors that affect the affordability level of house ownership such as household income, household expenditure, house prices, rental installment, type of occupations and others. If the income is sufficient to pay for a house and other household expenditures, then the person can be identified as having home affordability. The objectives of this research are to examine the housing affordability of Malaysian family student and to investigate the pattern of their expenses in Sheffield. The sample of this research comprises 30 Malaysian family students who rent in City Center, Tinsley and Firth Park. The convenience sampling technique is used for this research with regression method as its analytical tool. The findings indicate that Malaysian family students in Sheffield with 4 household members are afforded to rent a house with monthly instalment averaged at £435 if minimal £1,300 overall income obtainable either from the sponsors or through part time job. The pattern of their expenses in Sheffield shows that the significant monthly expenditures is housing rental with 35% allocation and 24% for food.

The comparative genome analysis of Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus equi sps equi 4047 depict exon, Untranslated Region (UTR), conserved noncoding sequences (CNS), contigs, mobile genetic elements, Insertion sequence (IS) elements, transposons, plasmids and shows high degree of heterogeneity evidenced by the large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Thus UTR, CNS, and IS elements can be used as drug target.