Archives-April 2014

The purpose of the present study was to formulate and evaluate once daily sustained release matrix tablets of carvidolol phosphate. Carvedilol Phosphate is a nonselective beta blocker indicated in the treatment of mild to severe congestive heart failure Various formulations of sustained release tablets of Carvidolol phosphate were developed using various polymers Guargum, SCMC, HPMC100M in different concentrations by direct compression method. Observations of all formulations for physical characterization had shown that, all of them comply with the specifications of official pharmacopoeias and a standards reference. Results of in-vitro release profile indicated that formulation(F9) was the most promising formulation as the extent of drug release from this formulation was high(100.75 %) as compared to other formulations.From the above results and discussion it is concluded that formulation of sustain release tablets of carvidolol phosphate containing Guar gum (33.33%) ,formulation F9 can be taken as an ideal for optimized formulation of sustain release tablets for 24 hours release as it fulfills all the requirements for sustained release tablets.

Pharmacovigilance is an important and integral part of clinical research. Pharmacovigilance is defined as the pharmacological science relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects, particularly long term and short term adverse effects of medicines. Pharmacovigilance will certainly help identifying risks and risk factors in the shortest possible time so that harm can be avoided or minimised. Pharmacovigilance is the science and activities relating to detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other possible medicine related problem. Today its importance cannot be sidelined at all, given the number of new medicines being introduced in the market.

This study focuses on, how much an appraisal system is effective in an organization and what would be its impact on employees’ performance. This paper focuses on different aspects of an appraisal system. Today organizati1ons are using different methods or combination of those methods. Rewards and incentives are also given on the basis of employees’ performance. Now the study examines what the effect of appraisal system on employees’ performance is. Whether it increases their performance, decreases their motivation or it has neutral effect. This paper concludes that in some organizations most of the employees feel that appraisal system in their organizations/universities is satisfactory. Many employees also want to have a right to appeal against the appraisal system. Most of the employees agreed that this system is not just wastage of time and money. Employees in particular universities want to be appraised by committee rather than boss. Many employees also agreed that if the appraisal system in their organization seems to be excellent one, they will feel motivated. They also agreed that their organizations are applying non discriminatory practices regarding males and females. This paper concludes that employees in particular universities are satisfied with the appraisal system and its practices and no gender discrimination is being adopted. To make appraisal system more effective, Using only one type of appraisal system, objective criteria, ethical aspects, fairness, following the one’s own cultural practices, privacy in appraisal process and level of trust between the employee and supervisor and behavior oriented criteria are further suggested.

The purpose of this study is to determine the university student’s intention toward doing job or business. This study is based on primary data in which data collected from 150 students of different university of Lahore District, Pakistan. We use self administrated approach. The response rate is 86%. 64% of the students decide to do job and 33% decided to start their own business. 80% female are interested to do job, and 54% male willing for job because female are less risk taker rather than male. Female performance more to do a job rather than business because male to do business rather than job.

In our paper , we have suggested a variant of the RSA public cryptosystem, it is more effecient than the traditional RSA algorithm which uses the Euler’s Totient Function .The discussed RSA variant is very much similar to the traditional RSA. It also is a block cipher like the traditional one but it uses a different Ø(n) function. In the suggested scheme the range of Ø(n) is so high that it increases the security manifold. This makes cryptanalysis very difficult. Methods like brute force attack will fail as the range is very high and such attacks consume a lot of time. We represent Ø(n) as f(n,h) where n can be a Positive Integer(Z). As the value of h keeps increasing the range of values of Ø (n) also keeps increasing exponentially which in turn increases the security exponentially. This is the reason why the proposed scheme can be assumed to be more efficient, reliable and scalable.

The culture contains components including deeds, beliefs, arts, faiths and other social findings that are inherited through the society and form life context. These social activities are generally being formed within public and urban areas. One of these public areas is Town Square that expands cultural identity within society by users. Hierarchy also helps this study through investigation for ways of areas arrangement near each other. The main research question is how and where cultural areas of Town Square have been formed. In this study we practiced to investigate cultural identity hierarchy within Iranian Town Square to realize this question. This research aims at studying Iranian Town Square hierarchy and to extend and promote their culture. The research method applied in this study is explanatory – analytical and is a kind of field studies. Data collection method is of library and field type through observation and using schemes and figure. The study first introduced literature subject and then practiced to investigate cultural, physical and social activities within Iranian prominent Town Square including yazd, tehran, and Isfahan. In this research, cultural activities position within Town Square and their effects on social stability regarding components like cultural identity, function and framework have been investigated. Results of this paper practiced to provide effective strategies for cultural activities stability and to promote cultural identity.

The optimized molecular geometry, normal mode wavenumbers, infrared intensities, corresponding vibrational assignments and atomic charges were investigated with the help of DFT/B3LYP method using 6-311++ G(d,p) basis set. The FT-IR spectrum of 2, 6-diphenyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DPO) has been recorded in the region 4000-400 cm-1. For the comparison between calculated and experimental results, assignments of fundamental modes were examined. The stability and charge delocalization of the molecule were studied by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. In addition, a molecular electrostatic potential map (MEP) of the title compound was studied to predict the reactive sites. The reactivity of the compound of interest was described by HOMO - LUMO energies and global descriptors. The electronic properties were also studied and the transition corresponds to ???*. The title compound exhibited good nonlinear optical activity and ten times greater than that of urea.

The study looks into the fund mobilization role of cooperative thrift and credit societies in Nigeria .The cooperative thrift and credit society of Ajayi Crowther University Oyo State of Nigeria was used as a case study. Primary data were coalated from the workers of the university serving as the respondents through the questionnaire instrument. The responses were analysed with the use of simple percentages. Two hypotheses were also tested to confirm the analysis. It was discovered that every member of staff consulted belong to one or two cooperative societies due majorly to the easier access of getting loan from the societies than from the banks. The loans given by the societies were also derivable from the savings contributions from members. It can therefore be concluded that cooperative thrift and credit societies in Nigeria are good in mobilizing funds from the surplus unit (the savers) to the deficit unit (the borrowers), the activity that has led to economic development of the co-operators and their societies at large. It is therefore good for government to give more recognition to the societies and should be extending grants and loans to them to boost their activities. This would help in filling the financial gap which has been existing within the whole range of financial intermediation process in the country.

The Dilute solution viscometric (DSV) technique is employed to find the molecular interactions between the non-Newtonian Doxycycline hyclate and the essential unsaturated fatty acid, Ricinoleic acid in the common solvent Ethyl methyl ketone. The viscometric parameters as improved by chee and Sun et. al., identifies the molecular interactions at physiological temperatures. The conformity of interaction is attempted by the ultrasonic velocity; and the related acoustical parameters at temperatures 303, 310 and 313K. The behaviour of these parameters explains the molecular interactions on the basis of solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions.

Electronic banking (e-banking) system has become an important practice among commercial banks in Nigeria. The introduction of this banking system has improved banking efficiency in rendering services to customers and the public. However the gains of e-banking has been associated with some hinderances ranging from internet failure to arbitrary withdrawal of money by customers which negates the cashless policy being heralded by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). It was in line with this that the study aims at examining the challenges facing this banking system and the prospects accruable to its adoption. Among the various suggestions made in this study- to benefit maximally from e-banking- include provision of enabling environment that can guarantee safety of lives and cash deposits of customers, provision of an interrupted power supply and internet service in order to enjoy efficient services from the banks. Lastly, enforceable e-banking regulations should be put in place to back up the cashless policy already initiated by the CBN. This will go a long way to reduce money laundering and reckless withdrawal of cash and thereby boosting capital formation and investment in the economy.