Archives-April 2014

Fetal protection is an issue that has been outlined in human societies and it has been considered in many legal systems throughout the world. In Iranian criminal law, fetus has a human personality and is respectable and protective. Any violation from this law is legally forbidden and is considered as a crime because like other human beings, fetus has rights such as rights of living and being healthy. So protection of fetal rights is not limited to support of its life by abortion ban or other practices resulting in life deprivation rather it includes protection of fetus’s health right.

Waste management process involves the collection, transportation, processing or disposal, managing and monitoring of waste materials. waste management relates to materials produced by human activity and the process is generally undertaken to reduce their upshot to the environment and the human health. Waste management is a distinct performance from recovery which focuses on delaying the rate of consumption of natural resources. Recycling involves the gathering and reuse of waste materials, The materials from which the items are made can be reprocessed into new products. Recycling may be collected separately from general waste using dedicated bins and collection vehicles, or sorted directly from mixed waste streams. Solid wastes are a by-product of a broad spectrum of industrial, service and manufacturing processes. Primary products used by households that can be recycled include the metals, wood, paper, leather, textile among many also recoverable materials that are organic in nature, such as plant material, food scraps, and paper products, can be recovered through composting and digestion processes to decompose the organic matter. The resulting organic material is then recycled as mulch or compost as for agricultural or landscaping purposes. This study will explore boulevards which are used by resident of Kisii town to be able to recycle their refuse and sustain proper environmental conditions which in turn reduce the diseases associated with the environment.

The purpose of regression testing is to ensure that bug fixes and new functionality introduced in a new version of a software do not adversely affect the correct functionality inherited from the previous version. Regression testing is an expensive and frequently executed maintenance process used to revalidate modified software. It is costly but crucial problem in software development. The paper try to do the survey of current research on regression testing and current practice in industry and also try to find out whether there are gaps between them.

The aim of the study is to delineate the morphometric characteristics of Kangshabati-Darkeswar Interfluves Area using remote sensing and GIS technology. 10 km2 grids were elaborate to delineate the relief characteristics using Advance Space Thermal Emission and Radiometer (ASTER) data. Drainage networks were automatically extracted from digital aster elevation models. Second order local polynomial (LP) interpolation technique was used to estimate the surface characteristics of the study area using ArcGIS 9.3. The absolute elevation of the study region is extended between 4.0 – 949.29 m with an average elevation of 484.50m. The highest relative relief resulted 833.69m, whereas the average ruggedness index of the study area is recorded as 0.09 per 10 km2 area. The average drainage density of the study area was computed 0.73 /sq. km and the highest drainage intensity are recorded as 9.58/10 km2 grid area. The average length of overland flow of the study area was 2.56/10 km2 grid areas. The result of the study highlights an about the spatial distribution of relief and hydrological characteristics which may provide the knowledge to devise and accomplish an appropriate plan to progress agriculture and others allied activities. Hence, from the study, it can be concluded that remote sensing data (ASTER –DEM) coupled with GIS techniques prove to be a competent tool in morphometric analysis and the data can be used for basin or interfluves area management and other hydrological studies in future.

Road Network detection is important role of earth observation. It is detected from various satellite images like multispectral images, pan-sharpened images, SAR images and Aerial images. These are differentiated from various resolutions. In this survey most of the road networks detected from areal images, world view and quick bird images. Because very high-resolution images and Very less types of multispectral images has been used for road network detection. All researchers are focused on very high resolution satellite images for road network detection.

This experiment was conducted to evaluation of forage potential of intercropping barley with alfalfa under agrohumic fertilizer .The experimental treatments were intercropped barley/alfalfa with 25/75; 50/50, 75/25 ratios along with their sole crops as control plots. Treatments were arranged in a split plot design based on a RCBD with 3 replications. Main factor included agrohumic at four levels (0, 5, 7 and 10 lit/1000lit water per ha). According to result, we suggest using of 7 liter/1000 liter water per ha for intercropping of barley and alfalfa, also using of 50/50 ratio for barley and alfalfa is better ratio for intercropping.

This paper has investigated the relationship between the oil prices and the real exchange rate in Iran from 1980-2013. The result of the Johansen cointegration test illustrates a long run equilibrium relationship between the real oil prices and the real exchange rate. This relationship is supported by the Granger Causality test which determines the causal relationship from the oil prices to the Real Exchange Rate. The result of the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity test (GARCH) suggests persistency of the volatility between the oil prices and the real exchange rate. These findings consider the implications for policy maker to stabilize the fluctuations of the real exchange rate. Therefore, these findings can be beneficial for formulating and implementing economic policies.

This study was conducted to evaluation of different sources of nitrogen and biologic fertilizers on yield and some yield components of coriandrumsativum.Split plot in RCBD was used as experimental design and main plot included 100% organic, 100% chemical, 75% organic + 25% chemical, 50% organic+50% chemical, 25% organic + 75%chemical fertilizer and sub plot included incubate application (Azotobacterchroococcum, Azospirilliumbrasilense) and non-application.All treats had lowest means by 100% organic treatment and values increased by using of chemical percentages. Inoculation had positive effects on treats although application of organic fertilizer increased inoculation effects. The end of experiment, we recommended 25% organic + 75%chemical fertilizer as best as treatment for Coriander culture at research area.

This study was conducted to evaluation of vermicompost and split nitrogen application on yield and some yield components of sesame. Experimental design was in RCBD with two factors and four replications, first factor included vermicompost with three levels (10, 20 and 30 ton/ha) and second factor included Urea with three levels (30, 60 and 90 kg/ha). Urea was used in two installments, one of them was applied at the 6 to 8 leaf and another 20 days after the first installment. According to our result, we suggest using of 20 ton/ha vermicompost for sesame culture, also using of 90kg/ha nitrogen is best treatment. For combination using, it suggest 30ton/ha vermicompost + 60kh/ha nitrogen for Firouzabad region and sesame.

At present mono crystalline silicon solar cells are more established and mostly used to generate electricity rather than using thin films crystalline silicon solar cells, amorphous silicon solar cells, because they attain less efficiency. Improvement in efficiency of mono crystalline silicon solar cells is very much relevant today from the point of view of cost reduction. Some of the very promising approaches for efficiency improvement for conventional silicon solar cells manufactured with screen printing technology are modification in the existing screen printing, Al BSF process, selective emitter, back surface passivation, HIT cells, multilayer Anti-reflection coating and other technologies etc. These technologies boost the efficiency of a solar cell by 1-2%. This paper discussed and investigated for improving efficiency in mono crystalline silicon solar cells with uniform texturization, multilayer ARC, front grid optimization, metallization and increasing aspect ratio which decreases shadow effect and also lowers the series resistance, in the manufacturing process of mono crystalline silicon solar cells.