Archives-April 2012

The Grüneisen parameter (Ý) is of considerable importance to Earth scientists because it sets limitations on the thermoelastic properties of the lower mantle and core. The Grüneisen parameter is directly related to the equation of state (EOS), yet it is often the case that both the form of ??and the EOS are chosen independently of each other and somewhat arbitrarily. In this paper the volume dependence of Gruneisen parameter has been calculated by using three different phenomenological isothermal EOS viz. Brennan Stacey EOS, Shanker EOS and Vinet EOS for five different bulk metallic glasses viz. Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5, Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni9Be22.5C1, Zr40Nb8Cu12Fe8Be24, (Zr0.59Ti0.06Cu0.22Ni0.13)85.7Al14.3 and Pd39Ni10Cu30P21. For calculation of Gruneisen parameter we have consider Barton – Stacey relation.On analysis of of result thus obtained shows that Shanker EOS is best EOS for calculating Gruneisen parameter both under high as well as low compression ranges.

A ciliate Coleps hirtus is primarily a member of the Prostomatea (Schewiakoff, 1896), subclass Hypotrichia. During the period two years Jan. 2007 to Dec. 2008 total number of 1626(677 in Jan. to Dec. 2007 and 947 in Jan. to Dec. 2008) samples was examined, the number of positive samples with Coleps sp. was 281. The percentage prevalence was 14.33 and 19.43 respectively. Morphologically it show barrel shaped body with number of rectangular peculiar calcareous plates and three spinous processes at the posterior side. The characters help to understand this species even in swimming condition.

The concept of system lifecycle models came into existence that emphasized on the need to follow some structured approach towards building new or improved system. Many models were suggested like waterfall, prototype, rapid application development, V-shaped, top & Bottom model etc. In this paper, we approach towards the traditional as well as recent software development life cycle models.

This study sets out to analyze the syntactic analysis of George Orwell’s Animal Farm as a way of providing an alternative reading of the text. The studies examine the syntactic functions of some sentence types, cohesion in relation to the text and reference function. All these are investigated. Thus, the principal aim of this study is to show how some syntactic features contribute to the elucidation of the message of the text and thereby enhancing its readability.

Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) is a state-of-the-art technology for reading electric, gas or water meter readings automatically from a remote place without any human intervention. Remote metering promises fast and accurate billing system. In this paper, a technique for remotely reading electricity meter readings using Short Message Service (SMS) has been illustrated. Existing Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) networks have been used for sending and receiving SMS. A prototype of the system has been designed and developed for system exploration and experiment.

There are many changes occurring in higher education in Kenya and the world over. These changes range from a rapid expansion in student enrolments to a proliferation of programmes and institutions offering higher education. Moi University introduced such a programme in 1998. As a result of these developments, there has arisen concern amongst the stakeholders on the quality, efficiency and effectiveness of higher education offered. The paper reports the findings of an investigation carried out in the year 2003 to determine the internal efficiency of the Privately Sponsored Students Programme at Moi University. The target population for the study was all the students enrolled in the privately Sponsored Students Programme at Moi University in the 2002/2003 academic year. Data for this study was collected by use of a questionnaire from a random sample of 300 respondents. The significant finding was Privately Sponsored Programmes operated below optimal efficiency levels. Although enrolment growth rates had been steady in the immediate past three academic years, dropping out, temporary withdrawal and other indicators of inefficiency were on the increase and therefore a source of concern. Different degree programmes demonstrated different levels of efficiently in the way they translated their inputs (students) into outputs (graduands). Students with outstanding fees balances were barred from graduating. Also, it was established that many critical performance inputs were lacking or in short supply, such as library books and journals, computers, furniture in lecture rooms and chemicals in laboratories. To reduce these inefficiencies, there is need to enhance provision of critical inputs like books and journals, computers and science equipment as well as various consumables items. There is also need to assist students to identify suitable accommodation places. In order to break barriers of suspicion between regular and self-sponsored students (PSSP) the University should work towards integrating the two groups of student as far as possible.

In this paper, we study 0 – modularity in the lattice of weak congruences. We are going to prove that Cw(L) is 0 – modular if and only if L is a chain.

The notion of -closed set was introduced and studied by R. Devi, V. Kokilavani and P. Basker [2]. In [5], the -closure and the -kernel are defined in terms of this weakly ultra- -separation and also investigate some of the properties of the -kernel and the -closure. Using this concept we introduce - -spaces, and spaces are also defined.

Bromelain is a mixture of protein digesting (proteolytic) enzymes found in pineapples (Ananas comosus). The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of bromelain as an anti browning agent, extracted and purified from pineapple crown and pulp. The efficacy of extracted bromelain was compared with widely used anti browning agents. Bromelain purified by ion exchange chromatography was run through a SDS PAGE gel and was found to be having a molecular weight ranging from 20 to 30 kDa. The effect of pH and temperature on the protease activity of bromelain sample was also estimated. The anti browning activity was found out to be higher in the fruit pulp extract in comparison with the crown leaf extract as the former showed higher protease activity almost twice the crown leaf extract. Bromelain within the concentration range of 0.1% to 0.8% hardly proved to be a potent anti browning agent but 1% crown extract bromelain was a better anti browning agent than acetic acid and also fruit pulp bromelain was found to be a much better anti browning agent than ascorbic acid and acetic acid.

Buccoadhesive disk of diltiazem hydrochloride were prepare by solvent casting method. Sodium alginate was used as bioadhesive polymer. Polyethylene glycol 4000 and mannitol were used as solubilizers. One of each formulation was cross-linked with calcium chloride (0.1 % w/v). The disks were evaluated for surface pH, swelling index, surface diameter study, in-vitro drug release, ex-vivo buccoadhesion and ex-vivo residence time on sheep buccal mucosa. Studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of cross-linking agent on the swelling and buccoadhesive characteristics of sodium alginate buccal disks. Addition of solubilizers in less concentration (0.5%) improved the drug release without erosion of the disks (batch F2 and F4). Buccal disks containing PEG – 4000 had less buccoadhesion than disks containing mannitol. PEG-4000 containing disks showed higher in-vitro drug release rate than mannitol containing disks. It was found that crosslinked disks (batch F1 and F3) of sodium alginate controlled the swelling profile; eroded well during release study without affecting the buccoadhesion of the disks. Cross-linked disks showed more than 80 % drug release within 3 hours by erosion-diffusion mechanism followed by first order release kinetic. Good in-vitro drug release and in-vitro buccal permeation was observed in selected buccal patch.